1、 - 1 - 山东省 2021 年高考地市名校模拟示范卷 英英 语语 (时间：100 分钟，满分：120 分) 第一部分 阅读(共两节，满分 50 分) 第一节(共 15 小题；每小题 2.5 分，满分 37.5 分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A Why go to Madrid? There may be a slight chill(寒冷) in the air， with temperatures staying around 15 in March，but Spains handsome capital is slowly starting
2、 to warm up.Even more attractive are the cultural events. A new exhibition on the living and working spaces of Spains greatest artist， Picasso，has just opened in the studio at the Fundacin Mapfre at Paseo de Recoletos 23.It runs until 11 May with rarely seen pieces borrowed from his family. Later th
3、is summer, the anniversary of the death of the Renaissance(文艺复兴) painter El Greco will be marked with an exciting exhibition at the Museo del Prado at Paseo del Prado from 24 June to 5 October. How to go? The widest range of flights is offered by EasyJetfrom Bristol，Edinburgh， Gatwick，Liverpool and
4、Luton.British Airways and its sister airline Iberia combine forces from Heathrow and London City.Ryanair flies from Manchester and Stansted； Air Europa flies from Gatwick. Barajas Airport is 12 km northeast of the city centre and is served by frequent trains on Metro Line 8，but the shortest undergro
5、und journey is a bit complex with at least one change at Nuevos Ministerios Station and takes about 30 minutes. The fare to any station in the city centre is 4.50.The airport express bus runs every 15 to 35 minutes around the clock； 5 one way.It takes 40 minutes to reach the city centre.A taxi takes
6、 half the time.A flat rate of 30 covers most of central Madrid. 【语篇解读】 本文是一篇应用文，介绍了去马德里旅游的相关内容。 1When will the exhibition about Picasso close? - 2 - AOn 23 March. BOn 11 May. COn 24 June. DOn 5 October. B 考查细节理解。根据 Why go to Madrid？部分中的“A new exhibition on the living and working spaces of Spains gre
7、atest artist，Picasso” “It runs until 11 May with rarely seen pieces borrowed from his family”可知，有关毕加索生活和工作的地 方的展览会持续到 5 月 11 日，故选 B。 2Which airline operates flights from Manchester to Madrid? AEasyJet. BRyanair. CAir Europa. DBritish Airways. B 考查细节理解。根据 How to go？部分中的“Ryanair flies from Manchester
8、and Stansted”可知，Ryanair 航空公司经营从曼彻斯特到马德里的航线。故选 B。 3What is the fastest way to reach central Madrid from Barajas Airport? ATake a taxi. BTake a city bus. CTake Metro Line 8. DTake the airport express bus. A 考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的“Metro Line 8.takes about 30 minutes”“The airport express bus.takes 40 minutes”“
9、A taxi takes half the time”可知， 乘坐 Metro Line 8 需要大约 30 分钟，乘坐机场特快公共汽车需要 40 分钟，乘坐出 租车需要 20 分钟。由此可知，乘坐出租车是最快的。故选 A。 B (山东师范大学附属中学 2020 模拟) It can be a real struggle trying to learn a new language.I had always enjoyed learning languages in school， but only recently did I start learning German.I found th
10、at I could understand and learn individual words easily，but when it came to literature，I really struggled.That was when my tutor at university suggested reading some childrens books printed in the target language. At first，I felt a bit silly going on a hunt for a book designed for someone half my ag
11、e，but then I realized that everyone has to start somewhere.As children，we are given these basic texts to familiarize our brains with certain vocabulary and writing structures，and from there，we can learn and develop.I started with books which are - 3 - taught to us as children in the UK.I managed to
12、find Oliver Twist by Charles Dickens and James and the Giant Peach by Roald Dahl. The beauty of reading books that were introduced to you as a child is that you are already familiar with the plot.As a result，you can work out some of the definitions of words with your prior knowledge of the story.At
13、first，I used to read with the book in one hand and a dictionary in the other，but this method did not work well for me.The method I would recommend is to read a chapter of your chosen childrens book and at the end of that chapter，highlight the words you do not know and then look up the definitions.If
14、 you can wait a bit before you use a dictionary，you may be surprised what you can get merely from the context of the sentence in the story.Additionally，a lot of childrens books have pictures which may give you a clue as to what or to whom the passage is referring. 【语篇解读】 本文讲述了作者在学德语时，因为看不懂文学作品，导师建 议
15、她去看德语儿童书籍，最后作者从中得到了意外的惊喜。 4Why was the author advised to read childrens books? AShe was weak in reading great works. BShe was slow to learn language. CShe liked childrens literature. DShe couldnt remember any words. A 考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“I found that I could understand and learn individual words easily,
16、but when it came to literature, I really struggled.That was when my tutor at university suggested reading some childrens books printed in the target language.”可知，作者只能理解单个的字词，理解文学作品时就困难了许多，所以 她的导师建议她看一些用所学语言写的儿童书。故选 A 项。 5What can kids get from childrens books according to the passage? AVocabulary an
17、d listening skills. BLearning methods. CWords and structures. DDesigning skills. C 考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“As children，we are given these basic texts to familiarize our brains with certain vocabulary and writing structures”可知，儿 - 4 - 童在看儿童书时大脑可以熟悉其中的词汇和写作结构，故选 C 项。 6What causes the author feel surprised whil
18、e reading childrens books? AGrasping the context from the pictures. BLooking up the definitions of words from a dictionary. CGetting familiar with the plots of the story. DUnderstanding the words simply from the context. D 考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“If you can wait a bit before you use a dictionary，you may be
19、surprised what you can get merely from the context of the sentence in the story.”可知，作者发现在阅读儿童书时，可以根据故事的语境理解 单词的意思，这令作者感到惊讶。故选 D 项。 7What can be the best title of the passage? AReading Childrens Books BThe Way of Learning Languages CThe Method of Using Dictionary DMy Good Reading Habits A 考查主旨大意。作者讲述
20、了她阅读儿童书的经历以及阅读儿童书的好处， 所以 childrens books 是本文的关键词。故选 A 项。 C Heads up！Across the country，sports injuries are a safety concern for young athletes.Now，the American Medical Association(AMA) has a new set of guidelines aimed at protecting players from the danger of concussionsserious injuries caused by a
21、blow to the head. “By raising awareness of the serious risks associated with concussions and ensuring that the appropriate guidelines are in place，we can reduce the number of young athletes who may return to the game too soon，which can put their health at further risk， ”said AMA Board Member Jack Re
22、sneck Jr.，M.D.，in a statement. The policy recommends that young athletes who may have a concussion be taken off the field as soon as possible.Then，they are only to return to their sport with a doctors written approval.The policy also sets age- specific rules for health care professionals and athleti
23、c organizations in evaluating and caring for athletes who have - 5 - concussions. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention(CDC)，a concussion is a type of traumatic(创伤的) brain injury caused by a bump，blow，or jolt to the head or hit to the body that causes the head and brain to move
24、 rapidly back and forth.This type of movement can cause the brain to bounce around or twist inside the skull(颅 骨)It can damage brain cells and create chemical changes in the brain. The CDC says that between 1.6 million and 3.8 million traumatic brain injuries caused by sports and recreationrelated a
25、ctivities occur in the US.every year.A study from the Center for Injury Research and Policy showed that as many as 40% of high school athletes return to playing before they should.The AMAs new guidelines should help to bring those numbers down. 【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。美国医学会制定了一套旨在保护运动员 免受脑震荡危险的指导方针。 8Why do
26、es the AMA set the new guidelines? ATo raise safety standards of sports. BTo protect athletes from concussions. CTo set rules for health care evaluation. DTo help players return to the game quickly. B 考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“the American Medical Association (AMA) has a new set of guidelines aimed at protecti
27、ng players from the danger of concussions” 可知，美国医学会制定新的指导方针是为了保护运动员免受脑震荡危险。 9What should young athletes who may have a concussion do? AAvoid using the head. BLeave the field forever. CGet treatment in time. DSwitch to another sport. C 考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“The policy recommends that young athletes who may
28、have a concussion be taken off the field as soon as possible.Then， they are only to return to their sport with a doctors written approval”可知，可能有脑 震荡的年轻运动员应该尽快离开赛场，并且只有在拥有医生的书面批准后他们才 能返回赛场参加体育运动，故可推知他们应该接受及时的治疗。 - 6 - 10What is Paragraph 4 mainly about? AWhat a concussion is. BWhat causes damage to b
29、rain cells. CHow the CDC works. DHow a concussion can be prevented. A 考查段落大意。根据第四段的内容，尤其是“a concussion is a type of traumatic(创伤的) .back and forth”可知， 本段主要介绍了脑震荡的定义。 故选 A。 11Which of the following is the best title for the text? ARules for Safer Play BSports Injuries in the US. CAdvice to Athletes D
30、New Policies for Doctors A 考查标题判断。通读全文，尤其是第一段中的“the American Medical Association(AMA) has a new set of guidelines aimed at protecting players from the danger of concussions”可知，本文主要介绍美国医学会制定了旨在保护运动员免受 脑震荡危险的指导方针，故 A 项作本文标题最佳。 D (2020 青岛市 4 月高三诊断检测) Hybrid cars are cars that run on both petrol and ele
31、ctricity.They each have a small standard petrol engine and a battery and an electric motor to provide electrical power. There are some differences between different models of hybrid cars，but the general principle is that the car runs on petrol，and the electric motor kicks in when additional power is
32、 required，for example，when going uphill or accelerating.In some hybrid cars the petrol engine turns itself off when not needed， for example， when the car has stopped at traffic lights，keeping only the electric engine running. Conventional cars have large engines to cope with driving uphill and accel
33、erating.Most of the time，this high engine capacity is not needed，but the engine continues burning up fuel.Hybrid cars have much smaller petrol engines，boosted by electric motors when needed，so they use less petrol.Hybrid cars are also lighter and aerodynamically(空气动力学地) designed for greater fuel eff
34、iciency. Another way that fuel consumption is cut is by a system of“regenerative - 7 - braking(刹车)”The electric motor is used to slow down the car，rather than conventional brakes.The energy produced by the slowing car is transformed into electrical power，which is automatically stored in the battery.
35、In effect，the battery recharges when you brake.In conventional cars the energy produced when the cars are braking is wasted. Car manufacturers and engineers have been experimenting with electric and hybrid cars since the late 19th century.In 1898 Ferdinand Porsche built an experimental hybrid car th
36、at used both an internal burning engine and electric motors.The first mass- produced hybrid car，the Toyota Prius，came out in Japan at the end of 1997.However， hybrid cars became available in the USA only in 1999， when the Honda Insight went on sale. As they use less fuel， hybrid cars are cheaper to
37、run.There are also many initiatives in place to encourage people to buy them.In some countries，hybrid car owners pay a lower rate of tax，and dont have to pay on certain toll roads(收费公路)In some cities around the world，hybrid cars are allowed to park for free. 【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了混合动力汽车的工作原理、 优势和发展前景
38、。 12What can we learn from Paragraph 2? AHybrid cars dont need petrol any more. BThe petrol engine and the electric motor work all the way. CHybrid cars mainly depend on electrical power to run. DSome hybrid car petrol engines will quit when unnecessary. D 考查细节理解。 根据第二段中的“In some hybrid cars the pet
39、rol engine turns itself off when not needed”可知，在一些混合动力汽车中，当不需要时，汽油发动机 会关闭。故选 D。 13Which is NOT the reason why hybrid cars consume less energy? ASmaller petrol engines. BScientific design. CConventional brakes. DEnergy storage. C 考查细节理解。根据第四段中的“Another way that fuel consumption is cut - 8 - is by a s
40、ystem.The electric motor is used to slow down the car，rather than conventional brakes”可知，传统的刹车并不能减少能量消耗。故选 C。 14What can we infer from the last paragraph? AHybrid cars are cheaper to buy. BHybrid car owners dont have to pay tax. CHybrid car owners dont need to pay the parking fee. DHybrid cars will
41、have a bright future. D 考查推理判断。根据最后一段中“cheaper to run.encourage people to buy.owners pay a lower rate of tax, and dont have to pay on certain toll roads(收费公 路).hybrid cars are allowed to park for free”可知，很多优惠政策都倾向混合动力 汽车，由此可以推测，混合动力汽车前景光明。 15Whats the authors purpose of writing the passage? ATo adve
42、rtise hybrid cars. BTo introduce hybrid cars. CTo compare conventional cars and hybrid cars. DTo inform the development of hybrid cars. B 考查写作目的。通读全文可知，文章内容主要围绕混合动力汽车展开， 介绍了它们的优势和前景等。故选 B。 第二节(共 5 小题；每小题 2.5 分，满分 12.5 分) 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中 有两项为多余选项。 One truth about modern life is that
43、 nobody has any time. 16 So lets try a simple thought experiment.Imagine that you came into possession of a magical new set of technologies that could automate or promote every single part of your job. 17 Maybe youd pick up a hobby， or have more children， or learn to relax and enjoy yourself in the
44、additional leisure.But what if I told you that you wouldnt do any of those things：You would just work the exact same amount of time as before. 18 But there are simple reasons for this. Better technology means higher expectationsand higher expectations create more work.For most of history，humans were
45、 forced to suffer from their own dirty and - 9 - unpleasant substances.Most families clothes were washed twice a year.The housework technologies that came into the world suddenly between the late- 19th and mid- 20th century created new norms(标准) of cleanlinessfor our floors， our clothes， ourselves.
46、19 Automatic washers and dryers raised our expectations for clean clothes and encouraged people to go out and buy new shirts and pants；housewives therefore had more loads of laundry to wash, dry，and fold. In short， technology made it much easier to clean a house to 1890s standards. 20 They wanted a
47、modern homewith dustless windowsills(窗台) and shiny floorsand this dustless shiny home required a 40- to- 50- hour workweek，even with the assistance of modern tools. AYou are wasting your time. BThis might seem impossible. CNew norms meant more work. DWhat would you do with the extra time? EThat mean
48、s you can have more time to relax. FEverybody is busy，burned out，and overloaded. GBut by midcentury，Americans didnt want that old house. 【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。新科技并没有像想象的那样给大家带来 更多的休闲时间。 16F 考查承上启下句。根据设空前句中的“nobody has any time”可知，现 代社会每个人都很忙碌，没有时间。故设空处应为语意的衔接，同时又承接下文。 故选 F。 17D 考查细节支撑句。根据第一段最后一句“想象一下，你拥有了
49、一套 神奇的新技术，这项技术可以自动化或促进你的工作的每一个部分”可知，这项 技术能让人们从工作中解放出来，有更多的时间。又根据空后的“Maybe youd pick up a hobby. leisure”可知，这是有了时间后可能会做的事情，故选 D。 18 B 考查细节支撑句。 根据第二段中的“You would just work the exact same amount of time as before”可知，你工作的时间会和以前一样多。又根据设空后句子 与设空处为语意的转折关系可知，B 项符合语境，表示这看起来不太可能，但确实 有道理。 - 10 - 19 C 考查段落主旨句。 根据
