1、专题十七 选择型阅读 知识清单 一、 点分析 1. 理 比单,只全文,了文中所叙事实或就可以来, 有可以从文原句中接找到周。此出形式很多,例如: (1)Which of the following statements is true? (2)Which of the following is (not) mentioned? (3)How many/How much/Where/How/What.? 快和忆事实或,就恰当地使查方法。查是在对材料有 所了情况下,它特点是带去寻找周。 2. 猜测意 在中,我们常会到一些,根据上下文猜测它们意思。此查学 扣原文,根据上下文境判断单、或句意义力。常型
2、有:接对 ;对多义或在文具体环境中意义做出准断;对中一些格 或;对文中一些代指代对出定。型常方式如下: (1)The underlined word (phrase) in the passage means . (2)The word “it/them” in the first paragraph refers to. (3)The underlined sentence in the last paragraph means. (4)What does the underlined word“.”refer to . 在做此时,应扣原文,根据上下文境判断,切不望文义或断取义, 也不只择己
3、熟悉意思。 3. 推理判断 推理判断属于深层理。它求尽中全信息或事实,在理 文基上,严格按照作提供信息推断出作外之意。型常方 式有: (1)From the text, it can be inferred that. (2)The passage suggests that. (3)Which of the following best describes. (4)The writers attitude towards.is. 搜索公众号 “初中一站通” 获取更多学习内容 搜索公众号 “初中一站通” 获取更多学习内容 (5)From the text, we learn that . 有一
4、定度,必根据上下文及互关或对整文深层理 后,才找到周。有时得呼作意图、态度文外之意加以推理。 4. 主旨归 型求学在理全文基上,对文归、概括或价。时, 不只凭文中只片断取义,如涉及文标 (title)、主 (main idea)、 (conclusion)、局 (end)有关,在全文基上,合所学 思、推理、判断,从取文中内在信息。常方式有: (1)The general idea of the passage is about . (2)The main idea of the article is . (3)The main purpose of this selection is . (4
5、)The passage suggests that . (5)Which of the following best states the theme of the passage? 二、步 做理时,可循三曲原则,即:快文;作;复查校对周。 一步,快文。 先,明求,弄清点,然后带去文,方法在中 为scanning,就是寻。快一弄清段大意,对全文有一个整体了,掌握中心意思, 注意哪些以明中心意思主事实和,抓住关,弄清作写此文及意 图。如到,应先,全文,切忌时死扣,因为有些并不影响对全 文理,有一些可以上下文推测含义。 二步,作 完文后,对整文内容有了大了,然后后,带去找 周。如果属于客信息,就
6、可接在文中找到出处。如果是主判断,则应再 全文,仔分析思,将似周对照原文反复比,推敲,出最佳周。 三步,仔校对所周。 做完所有后,再一文,一检查所有周是否有。如果有拿不定主意 案,不意更改。一定从原文中找到依据。 提分策略 1. 如果文少,则以方式先一,后带去查,求得找周。 搜索公众号 “初中一站通” 获取更多学习内容 搜索公众号 “初中一站通” 获取更多学习内容 2. 如果文多,则应先仔文,再去做。到某个来时,可带 去查有关。 3. 如果是一段文中心思想,则应点段句和段尾句,是否有主句。有时 主句可位于段中,也有段无明显主句,就己分析、归中心思想。 4. 如果求地人名、地名、时,则可接查方法
7、来寻求周,也 可先后查。 5. 如果文中提到事实多、涉及,可取抓关办法,住文中所及各 个方,从判断取。 6. 有时到不懂句,了几仍然不懂,可做号,暂时放下,以后有时再来 总之,掌握一定技巧和方法固然,但想在理一板块取 得分,必坚持不懈努力。理扎实基以及熟力, 扎实基来平时严格基本功,熟力来期以及 。只平时刻努力,打下扎实基,再加上学方法,理不失分 就不再是一个可及梦想了。 【例1】(2014山东枣庄) Zhalong is a nature reserve in Heilongjiang in northeast China. It is one of the worlds most impo
8、rtant wetlands. The area provides food and shelter for wildlife. It is an ideal home for different kinds of plants, fish and birds. Many birds live comfortably in Zhalong Nature Reserve all year round, while some only stay for a short time. There are many fish in the wetlands, and the birds can easi
9、ly catch them for food. Zhalong Nature Reserve is an important living area for the rare red-crowned cranes. There are not many red-crowned cranes in the world. Some of them live in Zhalong. Some people want to change the wetlands to make more space for farms and buildings. This means that there will
10、 be less and less space for wildlife. More and more birds are in danger because they do not have enough living space. Many of them died. The Chinese government wants to protect these endangered birds, and they can be safe in Zhalong. 搜索公众号 “初中一站通” 获取更多学习内容 搜索公众号 “初中一站通” 获取更多学习内容 Every year a lot of
11、tourists go to Zhalong to watch birds. This year members of our Bird Watching Club are going to study the different kinds of birds in Zhalong and the changes in their numbers. The study begins next month. We do a bird count once a year. We are now inviting secondary school students to help. We need
12、more people to help us count and do something to help the birds. Many people do not understand the importance of the wetlands. We hope this information will help them understand and make them actively take action to protect wildlife. 1. What is the best title of the passage? A. Less and Less Space f
13、or Wildlife B. Many Tourists Watch birds in Zhalong Yearly C. Zhalong is a Famous Scenic Spot D. Zhalong: A Special Place 2. The shelter in the first paragraph means . A. a place to live or stay B. a large zoo C. a place to hunt animals D. a large park 3. Which of the following sentences is false? A
14、. There are a lot of red-crowned cranes in other parts of the world. B. Some birds go to Zhalong for a short stay. C. Zhalong nature reserve is the comfortable home of many birds. D. Birds can find food without difficulty in Zhalong. 4. Why are more and more birds endangered? Because . A. many touri
15、sts watch them B. many of the birds died C. people have less and less place D. their living place is less and less 5. This passage is written to . A. ask people to do something for birds B. help people learn about protecting wildlife C. make people understand how important the wetlands are D. ask st
16、udents all over the world to watch birds 搜索公众号 “初中一站通” 获取更多学习内容 搜索公众号 “初中一站通” 获取更多学习内容 【主旨大意】文对江扎然保护区介,帮助我们更好地了保护 动物一些。 1. D析:标择。全文可,文主介了江扎然保护区情况, 它是世上最湿地之一。因此,最佳标为Zhalong: A Special Place。故D。 2. A析:理。一段中“The area provides food and shelter for wildlife. It is an ideal home for different kinds of pla
17、nts, fish and birds.”可以判断,shelter意思是“庇护 所”,当于a place to live or stay。 3. A析:理。二段中“There are not many red-crowned cranes in the world. Some of them live in Zhalong.”可,世上其他地区丹不多,因此,A是 。 4. D析:理。 四段中“More and more birds are in danger because they do not have enough living space.”可,来多濒临灭是因为它们居住环境来 少了。 5
18、. B 析:主旨大意。全文可,文主帮助我们了保护动物一些 ,故B。 【例2】(2013州仁) In the year 2050, there will be different kinds of materials for clothes. Special materials will keep the clothes clean for ever. They will never get dirty or wear out. We will have less work because we wont have to wash them. So we can save water and m
19、oney. And children wont worry about what to wear to school every day. They wont go to school. Theyll stay at home in front of their computers to study. They can wear their favorite “Saturday clothes” every day. It will be fun. Do you think so? What do you think school clothes and school life will be
20、 like in 2050? 1. Maybe we wash clothes in the year 2050. A. didnt B. neednt C. mustnt D. wont be allowed to 2. Why wont the children go to school? A. because theyll play at home. B. because they hate to go to school. C. because theyll study on the Internet. D. because theyll wash clothes to make mo
21、ney. 搜索公众号 “初中一站通” 获取更多学习内容 搜索公众号 “初中一站通” 获取更多学习内容 3. Will the clothes get dirty in the year 2050? A. No, it wont. B. Yes, they will. C. Yes, it will. D. No, they wont. 4. In the year 2050, the clothes will not for ever. A. wear out or get dirty B. wear well C. be thinner and thinner D. be fantastic
22、 5. From the passage, which of the following is NOT true? A. There will be different kinds of materials for clothes. B. The children can wear their favorite clothes. C. The children always worry about what to wear. D. The children can study at home in front of their computers. 【主旨大意】 是一关于未来测文。主以下几个方
23、:在2050年,服 将特殊材料制作,永不会变或;孩子们不上学,他们将在家在上学习;他们每 天可以最喜爱“星期六服”。 1. B析:理。文三句和四句“They will never get dirty or wear out. We will have less work because we wont have to wash them”可,在2050年,我们不必洗 服,所以择周B。 2. C析:理。根据文“Theyll stay at home in front of their computers to study.”,可择周C。 3. D析:理。根据“They will never ge
24、t dirty or wear out.”,可择周D。 4. A析:理。根据“They will never get dirty or wear out.”,所以择周A。 5. C析:理。根据“And children wont worry about what to wear to school every day,”可孩子们不担心什么上学,所以不正是C,所以择周C。 专项训练 Passage 1(2014江常州A 4345) Imagine a classroom missing the one thing that has long been considered a necessary
25、 part to reading and writing? No paper, no books, no test paper. Nor are there any pencils or pens which always seem to run out of ink at the important moment. 搜索公众号 “初中一站通” 获取更多学习内容 搜索公众号 “初中一站通” 获取更多学习内容 A “paperless classroom” is what more and more schools are trying to achieve. Students dont do
26、any handwriting in this class. Instead, they use hand-sized or specially-designed computers. The teacher downloads information from Internet libraries and sends them to every students personal computer. Having computers also means that students can use the Web. They can look up information on any su
27、bject theyre studying from math to social science. High school teacher Judy Herrell in Florida, US, described how her class used the Web to learn about whats going on in the world. “We could touch every side of the country through different sites from the forest to refugee( 民) camps.” she said, “Usi
28、ng a book thats three or four years old is impossible.” And exams can go online too. At a high school in Tennessee, US, students take tests on their own computers. The teacher records the grades on the network for everyone to see and then copies them to his own grade book on the Internet. A paperles
29、s classroom is a big step towards reducing the waste of paper. High school teacher Stephanie Sorrell in Kentucky, US, said she used to give about 900 pieces of paper each week to each student. “Think about the money and trees we could save with the computers,” she said. But, with all this technology
30、, theres always the risk that the machines will break down. So, paper books are still widely available for these hi-tech students. 1. In a paperless classroom, what is a must? A. Pens. B. Computers. C. Information. D. books. 2. The high school teacher, Judy Herrell, used the example of her class to
31、show that . A. the Web could take them everywhere B. the Web taught them a lot C. the Web can help students have online exams D. the Web can help students get the latest news 3. Which of the following is not the writers opinion? A. The paperless classroom will be good for trees. B. There are some di
32、fferences between the paperless studies and those in the usually way. C. Paper books are no longer useful. 搜索公众号 “初中一站通” 获取更多学习内容 搜索公众号 “初中一站通” 获取更多学习内容 D. Paper-free studies are popular with more and more schools. Passage 2(2014北京头沟一模5355) Chinese are very generous(慷慨) when it comes to educating th
33、eir children. Not caring about the money, parents often send their children to the best schools or even abroad to England, the United States and Australia. They also want their children to take extra-course activities where they will either learn a musical instrument or ballet, or other classes whic
34、h will give them a head in life. The Chinese believe that the more expensive an education is, the better it is. So parents will spend an unreasonable amount of money on education. Even poor couples will buy a computer for their son or daughter. However, what most parents fail to see is that the best
35、 early education they can give their children is usually very cheap. Parents can see that their children are very skilled in some areas while poor in others. What most parents fail to realize though, is that todays children are short of self-respect and self- confidence. The problem is that parents
36、are only educating their children on how to take multiple-choice tests and how to study well, but parents are not teaching them the most important skills that they need to be confident, happy and clever. Parents can achieve this by teaching practical skills like cooking, sewing and doing other house
37、work. Teaching a child to cook will improve many of the skills that he will need later in life. Cooking requires patience and time. It is an enjoyable but difficult experience. A good cook always tries to improve his cooking, so he will learn to work hard and finish his job successfully step by step
38、. His result, a well-cooked dinner, will give him much satisfaction and lots of self- confidence. Some old machines, such as a broken radio or TV set that you give your child to play with will make him curious and arouse(激发) his interest. He will spend hours looking at them, trying to fix them; your
39、 child might become an engineer when he grows up. These activities are not only teaching a child to read a book, but rather to think, to use his mind. And that is more important. 1. Most Chinese parents dont realize . A. how much the best education is worth B. when children should be educated C. wha
40、t children really need in later life 搜索公众号 “初中一站通” 获取更多学习内容 搜索公众号 “初中一站通” 获取更多学习内容 D. why school tests dont satisfy children 2. What is the main idea of the last paragraph? A. Fixing old machines is very important. B. Interest is necessary for everything. C. Broken things are useful for children. D.
41、 Using hands helps improve thinking ability. 3. The writers attitude(法) to childrens education is that . A. the cheaper an education is, the better it is B. children today should learn different skills C. practical skills are useful to childrens growth D. school education cant meet parents expectati
42、on Passage 3 (2013北京一模) Now, more and more mothers wear the same clothes as their daughters, so people often mistake them for each other. According to a new study, mothers today look to their daughters for fashion and beauty ideas. The study questioned 343 mothers and daughters, with an average (平均
43、) age of 44 for mums and 16 for the daughters. Maybe,I should throw out my grammar books and start from scratch. A report from Temple University, Philadelphia (城) also say that many children act older than their years. But they dont listen to the opinion (意) from their parents in wearing. Some mothe
44、rs buy the same clothe as their daughters do. They like the same colour and style as their daughters. They do so because they want to keep as young as their daughters. And now many more mothers compare beauty with their daughters. So a strange thing happens: the woman may look like a teenager from b
45、ehind, but she is already middle-aged from the front. The report shows that if a mum is young at heart and fashion, she is more likely to act as her daughter as a style expert and copy her. So what are the mothers going to wear in the future? This may depend on their daughters. 1. Why do people mist
46、ake mothers and their daughters? A. Because they have the same hobbies. B. Because they often wear the same clothes. C. Because they often walk together. 搜索公众号 “初中一站通” 获取更多学习内容 搜索公众号 “初中一站通” 获取更多学习内容 D. Because they often have the same hair style. 2. How many people were there being questioned in th
47、e study? A. 44. B. 16. C. 343. D. 60. 3. What do many children like to wear in their daily life? A. Clothes that make them look older. B. Clothes that look fashionable. C. Clothes that are expensive. D. Clothes that are beautiful. 4. What do mothers like to compare with their daughters? A. Clothes.
48、B. Lifestyle. C. Jobs. D. Beauty. 5. What is the main idea of this passage? A. Daughters should wear as their mothers do. B. Mothers should learn from their daughters in the lifestyle. C. Daughters fashion may influence their mothers. D. Ideas of wearing different clothes. Passage 4 (2013河北) Most pe
49、ople know that bad lifestyle habits like smoking and drinking can lead to quick aging (变). But what could be causing quick aging in your life? Poor Diet What you eat probably affects (影响) your health more than anything else you do. When you eat a poor diet,you invite quick aging. On the other hand,when you eat the life-
