1、 1 新人教版必修一新人教版必修一 welcome unit（语法和写作）（语法和写作） 知识梳理知识梳理- - - 简单句的八种基本句型 Grammar 【自主思考】 写出下列各句的基本句式结构 1(教材 P2)My name is Amy _ 2(教材 P3)A boy meets a girl during a break _ 3(教材 P6)We must act _ 4(教材 P6)The teacher found the classroom empty _ 5(教材 P6)My mum bought me a new dictionary _ 1. 主语系动词表语 2. 主语谓语
2、宾语状语 3. 主语谓语 4. 主语谓语宾语宾补 5. 主语谓语间接宾语直接宾语 句子成分及八种基本句型句子成分及八种基本句型 2 考点一：考点一：句子成分句子成分 句子表达一个完整的意思， 是由单词按一定的语法规则组合而成的。 句子一般可以分成 几个部分，每个部分在句中具有一定的功能，称为句子成分。不同的句子成分由一定的词类 或词组充当。 1主语(subject) 主语是一句话的主体，表明句子说的是谁或是什么。它一般放在谓语之前，通常由名词 (名词短语)、代词、数词、动词不定式、动名词以及名词性从句等担任。 TV news often gives us lots of information
3、 电视新闻常常给我们许多信息。(名词) Something is wrong with my computer 我的电脑坏了。(代词) Seven- tenths of the earth surface is covered with water 十分之七的地球表面被水覆盖。(数词) To see is to believe 眼见为实。(动词不定式) Cycling and boating are my favorite free time interests 骑车和划船是我业余最大的兴趣爱好。(动名词) That she was admitted into a key university
4、 greatly comforted her parents 她被重点大学 录取这件事给了她父母极大的安慰。(主语从句) 2谓语(predicate) 谓语是对主语的有关问题加以说明的部分。谓语说明主语做什么，是什么或者怎么样。 谓语位于主语之后，由动词担任。凡是由一个动词或动词词组构成的谓语，无论处在什么时 态、语态、语气下，都被称之为谓语。谓语分为简单谓语和复合谓语。 3 He practises running every morning(简单谓语) 他每天早晨锻炼跑步。 Great changes have taken place in Shanghai(复合谓语) 上海发生了巨大的变
5、化。 由系动词加表语也构成复合谓语。如：We are students 3表语(predicative) 表语是说明主语“是什么”或“怎么样”的句子成分。它由名词、代词、数词、形容词、动 词不定式及短语、副词、介词短语等充当。 My favorite attraction is the Great Wall 我最喜欢的旅游景点是长城。(名词) Who is there？谁在那儿？ Its me是我。(代词) English is both useful and important 英语有用且很重要。(形容词) The Forbidden City is at the centre of Bei
6、jing 紫禁城位于北京市中心。(介词短语) The greatest happiness is to work for the happiness of all 最大的快乐就是为大家的快乐而工作。(动词不定式短语) My hobby is collecting stamps 我的爱好是集邮。(动名词短语) 4 My belief is that our country will become stronger and stronger 我相信，我们的国家将变得越来越强大。(表语从句) 4宾语(object) 宾语是及物动词所表示的动作的对象， 或是介词所表示的某种联系的对象。 宾语放在及 物
7、动词的后面。宾语一般由名词、代词、数词、非谓语动词及短语或名词性从句等充当。 The children are flying kites 孩子们正在放风筝。(名词) Call me any time 请随时打电话给我。(代词) I decide to pick up a new foreign language 我决定学一门新的外语。(动词不定式短语) Do you mind passing me the dictionary? 请把字典递给我，好吗？(动名词短语) Your success will largely depend upon what you do and how you do
8、 it 你是否成功将主要取决于你做什么和怎样做。(宾语从句) 5宾补(object complement) 有些及物动词带了宾语后意义仍不够完整， 还需要加上宾语补足语来补充说明宾语的行 为、状态、身份或特征等。宾语补足语通常放在宾语之后，一般由名词、形容词、副词、介 词短语、非谓语动词及短语等充当。 He has proved himself an experienced teacher 他证明自己是一名经验丰富的教师。(名词) We have decided to paint the room pink 5 我们决定把房间漆成粉红色。(形容词) My mother always keeps
9、 everything in good order 我妈妈总是把一切安排得井然有序。(介词短语) The teacher asked us not to make so much noise 老师叫我们不要制造那么多的噪音。(动词不定式短语) I heard the telephone ringing 我听见电话铃正在响。(现在分词) He was very happy to see the homeless children taken good care of at the orphanage 他很高兴看见流浪儿童在孤儿院得到很好的照顾。(过去分词) 6定语(attributive) 定语
10、是用来修饰、限制名词或代词的。一般由形容词、名词、代词、数词、副词、不定 式、动名词、分词、介词短语和从句等充当。 These are apple trees 这些是苹果树。(名词) The men here are always busy working on the farm 这里的男人总是忙于在田间干活。(副词) There is nothing to do today 今天没有事要做。(不定式) The smiling boy needs a pen bought by his mother 那个微笑的男孩需要一支他妈妈买的钢笔。(现在分词、过去分词短语) 7状语(adverbial)
11、 6 状语用于修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子。一般由副词、名词、数词、形容词、不 定式、分词、介词短语、独立主格和从句等充当。 Im very pleased to see you 见到你我非常高兴。(副词) Ill be back in a while 我一会儿就回来。(介词短语) When she was 12 years old, she began to live in Dalian 她 12 岁的那一年开始居住于大连。(状语从句) Having had a quarrel with his wife, he left home in a bad temper 由于和妻子吵了一架，他
12、愤怒地离开了家。(分词作状语) 8同位语(appositive) 若两个语法单位指同一个人或事物，并且句法功能也一样，那么，后一项称为前一项的同位 语。 We students should study hard 我们学生应该努力学习。 Professor Wang, a famous scientist, will give us a talk tomorrow 王教授，一位著名的科学家，明天将给我们做报告。 【例题检测】 写出画线部分所作的成分 The manager made them work_day_and_night 宾语补足语 7 A lot of green lands hav
13、e_been_opened to the public 谓语 The best method of keeping slim is to_do_exercise_regularly 表语 They lived in the room above 定语 He gave me a basket full_of_eggs 定语 考点二：八种基本句型 英语中简单句只有一个主语(或并列主语)和一个谓语动词(或并列谓语动词)。简单句是 由主语、谓语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语等组成的，依其组合方式可分为八种基本句型。 1主语谓语(SV) The sun is_rising 主语 谓语 太阳正在升起。 The
14、little boy is_crying 主语 谓语 小男孩正在哭泣。 2主语谓语宾语(SVO) He is_watching TV 主语 谓语 宾语 他正在看电视。 3主语系动词表语(SLP) Everything looks different 8 主语 系动词 表语 一切看来都不同了。 Computers are useful in peoples life 主语 系动词 表语 状语 电脑在人们的生活中很有用。 常见的由行为动词转化成的系动词 (1)表感官的动词：feel, smell, taste, sound, look, appear 等。 (2)表转变、变化的动词：become,
15、 get, grow, turn, go 等。 (3)表延续的动词：remain, keep, hold, stay, rest 等。 (4)表瞬间的动词：come, fall 等。 The problem remains to be settled 主语 系动词 表语 问题依然需要解决。 4主语谓语间接宾语直接宾语(SVIODO) 这种句型中间接宾语常常指“人”，直接宾语常常指“物”。 He bought me a birthday present 主语 谓语(及物动词) 间接宾语 直接宾语 他给我买了一份生日礼物。 I showed him my pictures 主语 谓语(及物动词)
16、间接宾语 直接宾语 我给他看我的照片。 9 常见的能跟双宾语的及物动词 (1)give, tell, teach, write, bring, lend, hand, show, offer, send, pay, pass, allow, return 等后的间接 宾语可转换为介词 to 的宾语。 Please hand him a book! Please hand a book to him! 请递给他一本书。 (2)buy, do, get, fetch, save, make, sing, choose 等后的间接宾语可转换为介词 for 的宾语来表示。 Her father bou
17、ght her a bike Her father bought a bike for her 她的父亲给她买了一辆自行车。 (3)ask, answer, take, cost 等无法改变结构形式。 The car cost me 2，000 yuan for the repair 这次修车花了我两千元。 5主语谓语宾语宾语补足语(SVOOC) 这种句型中的“宾语宾语补足语”可统称为“复合宾语”。 Mike told me not to go now 主语 谓语(及物动词)宾语 宾语补足语 迈克告诉我不要现在走。 They painted the door green 主语 谓语 宾语 宾语
18、补足语 10 他们把门漆成绿色。 6主语谓语状语(SVAd) They talked for half an hour 主语 谓语 状语 他们谈了半个小时。 The time passed quickly 主语 谓语(不及物动词) 状语 时光飞逝。 7主语谓语宾语状语(SVOAd) I had my first maths class in senior high 主语 谓语 宾语 状语 在高中我上了第一堂数学课。 I waited_for him at the school gate 主语 谓语 宾语 状语 我在校门口等他。 8There be 句型 There is a piano in
19、my study 在我的书房里有一架钢琴。 There are 56 students in my class 我的班里有 56 名学生。 11 【例题检测】 写出下列句子属于哪类句型 This kind of food tastes terrible SLP He studies hard SVAd There are several books on the desks There_be 句型 He made me very angry SVOOC Writing 写一份个人简介写一份个人简介 个人简介属于应用文的范畴，通常是针对招聘、申请等介绍个人情况。写求职申请信时 要讲究遣词造句，措
20、辞要直接，不拐弯抹角；语言要礼貌，但不要过分谦卑。 【写作技巧】 1.篇章结构 （1）开头开门见山，介绍说明自己的情况、来自哪里等。 （2）主体介绍自己的家庭、家乡、自己的爱好、特长等。 （3）结尾表明自己的愿望，并表示感谢。 2. 注意事项 （1）内容力争简明扼要。 （2）文章中的时态多用一般现在时和一般将来时。 （3）语气要诚恳、有礼貌。 【增分佳句】 1My name is Li MingI am a Senior 3 student of Xinhua Middle School 我是李明，新华中学高三年级的一名学生。 12 2I have been learning English
21、for nearly six years，so I have a good knowledge of English 我已经学习英语近六年了，因此我精通英语。 3Im Li Hua, an 18yearold girl student in Class One, Grade ThreeIm openminded, easy going and enthusiasticI think my English is good enough to communicate with foreigners and I like to make friends 我是李华，18 岁，是三年级一班的一位女学生。
22、我心胸开阔，性格随和，热情好客。我认 为我能够与外国人用英语交流，而且我喜欢交朋友。 4I sincerely hope that you can give me a hand, which makes me enjoy my new school life 我真诚地希望你能帮助我，使我能享受新的学校生活。 5In order to make our school life colorful and meaningful, our school has decided to organise a sports meeting 为了使我们的学校生活既丰富多彩又有意义，学校决定组织一场运动会。 6
23、There are 60 students in our class, including 35 boys and 25 girls 我们班有 60 名学生，包含 35 名男生和 25 名女生。 7Id like to make full use of free time to take part in sports activities 我充分利用自由时间参加体育活动。 8First of all, I am among the most diligent students in our school 首先，我是我们学校最勤奋的学生之一。 9Last but not least, he is
24、 warm- hearted and willing to help others in need 最后但同等重要的是，他是热心的，愿意帮助有需要的人。 【典题示例】 假定你是一名来自中国，初到美国读书的十年级的交换生，请你根据自己的情况向同 13 学们作自我介绍。 1. 姓名：中文名：李华 英文名：Paul 2. 国籍：中国 3. 兴趣爱好 可适当增加内容；字数：80 词左右。 _ _ _ _ _ _ One possible version: Hi, good morning , everyone. My name 1s Li Hua and Paul is my English name
25、 . Im from China and I was born in Wuhan. Im an 16- year- old boy. My hobbies are reading books , like novels or comics and listening to music. Chocolate and fruit are my favorites. There are four members iinmy family. My sister is very lovely. I often played with her and we got on well with each ot
26、her. I like making friends. Do you want to make friends with me? Thanks for listening. 课堂练习课堂练习 14 一一、指出下列句中主语的中心词指出下列句中主语的中心词 1. The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom. 【答案】 teacher 【解析】名词做主语 2. There is an old man coming here. 【答案】 man 【解析】名词做主语；there be 句型中主语在后面 3. The
27、 useful dictionary was given by my mother last year. 【答案】 dictionary 【解析】名词做主语 4. To do todays homework without the teachers help is very difficult. 【答案】 To do . 【解析】动词不定式做主语 二二、选出句中谓语的中心词选出句中谓语的中心词 1. I dont like the picture on the wall. A. dont B. like C. picture D. wall 【答案】 B 【解析】及物动词作谓语. 2. The
28、 days get longer and longer when summer comes. A. get B. longer C. days D. summer 【答案】A 15 【解析】系动词作谓语 3. Do you usually go to school by bus? A. Do B. usually C. go D. bus 【答案】C 【解析】不及物动词作谓语动词，do 只是助动词 4. There will be a meeting at the library this afternoon. A. will be B. meeting C. the library D. a
29、fternoon 【答案】A 【解析】There be 句型的谓语动词为 be 动词 5. Did the twins have porridge for their breakfast? A. Did B. twins C. have D. breakfast 【答案】C 【解析】及物动词 have 作谓语,did 只是助动词 三三、写出下列句中的表语写出下列句中的表语 1. The old man was feeling very tired. 【答案】tired 【解析】系动词 be 后面的形容词作为表语，本句为主系表结构 2. Why is he worried about Jim?
30、【答案】worried 【解析】系动词 be 后面的形容词作为表语 3. The leaves have turned yellow. 16 【答案】yellow 【解析】系动词 have 后面的形容词作为表语 4. Soon They all became interested in the subject. 【答案】interested 【解析】系动词 become 后面的形容词作为表语 5. She was the first to learn about it. 【答案】the first 【解析】系动词 be 后面的序数词作为表语 四四、挑出下列句中的宾语挑出下列句中的宾语 1. M
31、y brother hasnt done his homework. 【答案】his homework 【解析】动词 do 后面的名词作宾语 2. People all over the world speak English. 【答案】English 【解析】动词 speak 后面的名词作宾语 3. You must pay good attention to your pronunciation. 【答案】good attention, your pronunciation 【解析】动词 pay 后面的名词 good attention 作宾语和介词 to 后面的名词 your pronu
32、nciation 作宾语 4. How many new words did you learn last class? 【答案】new words 17 【解析】动词 learn 后面的名词作宾语 5. Some of the students in the school want to go swimming, how about you? 【答案】to go 【解析】动词 want 后面的动词不定式作宾语 五五、挑出下列句中的宾语补足语挑出下列句中的宾语补足语 1. She likes the children to read newspapers and books in the re
33、ading- room. 【答案】to read 【解析】动词不定式作宾语补足语 2. He asked her to take the boy out of school. 【答案】to take 【解析】动词不定式作宾语补足语 3. She found it difficult to do the work. 【答案】difficult 【解析】形容词作宾语补足语 4. They call me Lily sometimes. 【答案】Lily 【解析】姓名作宾语补足语 5. I saw Mr. Wang get on the bus. 【答案】get on the bus 【解析】动词短
34、语作宾语补足语 六六、挑出下列句中的状语挑出下列句中的状语 18 1. There was a big smile on her face. 【答案】On her face 【解析】介词短语作状语 2. Every night he heard the noise upstairs. 【答案】every night 【解析】时间短语作状语 3. He began to learn English when he was eleven. 【答案】when he was eleven 【解析】从句作状语 4. The man on the motorbike was travelling too
35、fast. 【答案】too fast 【解析】副词作状语 5. With the medicine box under her arm, Miss Li hurried off. 【答案】With the medicine box under her arm 【解析】介词短语作状语 七七、 划出句中的直接宾语和间接宾语划出句中的直接宾语和间接宾语 1. Please tell us a story. 【答案】 us, 间接宾语 a story, 直接宾语 2. My father bought a new bike for me last week. 【答案】 me, 间接宾语 a new b
36、ike, 直接宾语 3. Mr. Li is going to teach us history next term. 19 【答案】 us, 间接宾语 history, 直接宾语 4. Here is a pen. Give it to Tom. 【答案】 Tom, 间接宾语 it, 直接宾语 5. Did he leave any message for me? 【答案】 me, 间接宾语 message, 直接宾语 6. He told us once again that the situation was serious. 【答案】us 间接宾语；that the situation
37、 was serious 直接宾语 八八、 指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分：指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分： 1. The students got on the school bus. 【答案】主语， 2. He handed me the newspaper. 【答案】间接宾语； 3. I shall answer your question after class. 【答案】谓语，状语； 4. What a beautiful Chinese painting! 【答案】定语； 5. They went hunting together early in the morning.
38、 【答案】状语，状语； 6. His job is to train swimmers. 【答案】定语，表语； 7. He took many photos of the palaces in Beijing. 20 【答案】宾语，状语； 8. There is going to be an American film tonight. 【答案】谓语 9. He is to leave for Shanghai tomorrow. 【答案】谓语； 课后练习课后练习 一、指出下列句子中划线部分的句子成分 1. The villagers moved and settled in another
39、place. 2. His business suffered greatly during the war. 3. After a few days of fever, he began to recover. 4.I drove back down the highway at normal speed. 5. Have you packed your clothes yet? 6. We usually wear overcoats in cold weather. 7. All our things stayed in our suitcases. 21 8. There was a
40、period of loneliness in his life. 9. After traveling through the dusty villages and towns of Yemen, they arrived at the port of Aden. 10. I wanted to settle in America ,live like any other citizen, and have more opportunities. 答案：1. 主语；谓语；状语 2. 主语；谓语；状语 3. 状语；主语；谓语；宾语 4. 主语；谓语；状语 5. 宾语 6. 主语；谓语；宾语；状
41、语 7. 定语；主语；谓语；状语 8. 主语；状语 9. 状语；主语；谓语；状语 10. 主语；谓语；宾语；状语；谓语；状语；谓语；宾语 二、句子成分分析 1. Im a student from Beijing. 【答案】 ：S+V+P 2. I will tell you an interesting experience in my first day. 【答案】 ：S+V+IO+DO 3. The teacher taught a great lesson. 【答案】 ：S+V+O 4. There are great differences between middle school
42、 and high school. 【答案】 ：There be. 22 5. Im looking forward to my high school days. 【答案】 ：S+V+O 三、语法填空 The walls of failure surrounded me. My teachers eyes stared at my every move. My moms blank expression showed _1_(disappoint). “He is not giving his full potential，” I heard my teacher say. I gazed
43、down, afraid, ashamed, and _2_(determine). My determination was not to put my best effort to improve but to give up. My native language is Spanish. _3_ hard I tried, English would not take root in my brain. I tried hours on end _4_(improve)my grammar, pronunciation, and vocabulary. After the parent-
44、 teacher conference, my mother _5_(tell)that I was totally lacking interest. I spent that whole afternoon listening to my mother tell me _6_ I should try. “You can never achieve what you do not try，” she told me. The simple statement stuck deeply _7_ my nineyearold mind. The next day, I found myself
45、 learning English words I never knew. A simple change in attitude made me successfully learn those words. My teachers welcoming smile, patience, and bright attitude, in addition to my desire to learn, were enough to make _8_ difference. Within days, I found _9_(I)having complete conversations in English and even _10_(use)idioms correctly. My mothers words helped me to learn that success in life requires desire. 1.【答案】 dis
