1、Unit3 Discovering Useful Structures反意疑问句反意疑问句 Sports and Fitness revision 选词填空 work out, fall apart, in honor of, set an example, give up, get used to, lose heart, at home and abroad, make it, come along 1.He is afraid that their marriage will_. 2.Whenever you are in trouble, you mustnt_. 3.Yao Ming
2、 is famous and loved by basketball fans_. 4.I believe I can_ to the top of the mountain. 5.Would you like to _with us to the film tonight? 6. When living abroad , you have to _a whole new way of life. fall apart lose heart at home and abroad make it come along get used to 选词填空 work out, fall apart,
3、in honor of, set an example, give up, get used to, lose heart, at home and abroad, make it, come along 7.It wont be long before we _a way to get over these difficulties. 8.A park will be built _those who died in the big natural disaster in the city. 9.She wanted to be a doctor, but a serious eye pro
4、blem forced her to _. 10. Senior pupils are expected to _to the younger children. work out in honor of give up set an example Discovering Useful Structures反意疑问句反意疑问句 变附加疑问句 1(教材P40)Its not a real sport, _? 2(教材P40)That sounds interesting, _? 3(教材P40)Hi! Its a beautiful day, _? 4(教材P40)Come along and
5、 join us, _? 5(教材P40)By the way, our school soccer team won at last, _? is it doesnt it isnt it will you didnt they 一.附加疑问句，又称反意疑问句。主要用于口语，其作用是 说话人向对方验证自己的陈述或者判断，也可以用于祈使句 表示请求或者建议。 二.附加疑问句的构成 1.附加疑问句包括陈述部分和附加疑问部分。附加疑问部分 一般由助动词、be动词或情态动词和表示主语的代词构成。 2.附加疑问句由两部分组成：前一部分是一个陈述句，后一 部分是一个简短的疑问句，两部分的人称时态应保持一
6、致。 主要形式：陈述部分肯定式+疑问部分否定式 ；陈述部分否 定式+疑问部分肯定式 。 陈述部分和疑问部分可能是前肯后否，也可能是前否后肯。 这类反义疑问句有时带有感情色彩，表示惊奇、愤怒、讽刺、 不服气、疑惑、嫉妒 句子结构 1陈述部分肯定句+疑问部分否定句（可记为前肯后 否）。 例：They work hard, dont they? 他们努力工作，不是吗？ Lets go to the supermarket ,shall we? 让我们去超市，好吗？ 2陈述部分否定句+疑问部分肯定句（可记为前否后 肯）。 例：You didnt go, did you? 你没去，是吗？ 三.句子类型
7、一种是反义的附加疑问句；一种是非反义的附加疑问句。 简单来说，前者就是“前肯后否”或“前否后肯”，后者就 是“前肯后肯”或“前否后否”。 读法规则编辑 反义疑问句陈述部分用降调，问句部分可升可降。提问 者对陈述部分把握较大时，问句部分用降调；反之用升 调。 四.主语 一般词语 附加疑问句中主语用和主句一致的主语，用主格。附加 疑问句随从句。 1.不定代词 当陈述部分的主语是 （1）one时，后面的疑问句可用one/he. （2）no one时，后面附加疑问句中主语用they。 （3）everything,anything,nothing,something时，附加疑问句中主 语用it 不用th
8、ey （4）this, that,或those, these时，附加疑问句中主语用it或they. （5）everyone，everybody，someone，somebody，anyone， nobody等时，附加疑问句中主语一般用they（口头语，非正式 文体）/he（正式文体）。 （6）不定式时，动名词，其他短语，附加疑问句中主语一般用 it。 （7）there be句型时，附加疑问句中一般用be/情态动词/助动词 +there。 2.否定意义的词 (1)当陈述部分有never，seldom, hardly，few，little，barely, scarcely, nothing，non
9、e,rarely ，no, not, no one, nobody, neither等否 定意义的词汇时，后面的反意疑问句则为肯定形式： Therere few apples in the basket, are there? He can hardly swim, can he? They seldom come late, do they? (2)当陈述部分的主语为everyone,someone,anyone,no one等表示人 的不定代词时，疑问部分的主语用they或he： Everyone in your family is a teacher, arent theyisnt he
10、？ (3)当陈述部分的主语为everything,something,anything.nothing等表 示物的不定代词时，疑问部分的主语用it： Something is wrong with your watch, isnt it? (4)当陈述部分含有否定意思的词是 unhappy,dislike,unfriendly,等含有否定词缀的派生词，也 就是有un,dis-前缀、-less后缀等含词缀而意思否定的词， 当肯定句处理，疑问部分用否定形式。如： He looks unhappy,doesnt he? 他看上去不高兴，不是吗？ The girl dislikes history,d
11、oesnt she? 这女孩不喜欢历史， 不是吗？ (5)当陈述部分有less, fewer等词视为肯定词，疑问部分 用否定形式。 There will be less pollution, wont there? 3.表示主语的词 含有think, believe, suppose, imagine, expect等动词后接宾 语从句构成的主从复合句在构成反意疑问句时，视情况 不同有两种不同的构成方式。 （即当主句是I think，I believe，I suppose，I imagine，I expect,I guess时要反问 从句，其余句式均反问主句。） (1)当主句的主语为第一人称时
12、，其后的简短问句应与从 句相一致。例如： I expect our English teacher will be back this weekend, wont she/he? We suppose you have finished the project, havent you? 值得注意的是，当这些动词后接的宾语从句的否定转移到主句 时，其仍属否定句，故其后的简短问句应用肯定式，而非否定 式。例如： I dont believe that he can translate this book, can he? We dont imagine the twins have arrived
13、, have they? 此类句子的回答同前否后肯型反意疑问句一样，如上述后一 个句子，若双胞胎已经到了，则回答为Yes, they have.；若尚 未到达，使用No, they havent.。 (2)当主句的主语为第二、三人称时，其后的简短问句则应与主 句相一致（此时，否定只看主句，与从句无关）。例如： Your sister supposes she needs no help, doesnt she? You thought they could have completed the project, didnt you? They dont believe shes an engi
14、neer, do they? She doesnt expect that we are coming so soon, does she? (3)但如果主句的时态是过去时等等，疑问句应和主句的 人称时态保持一致。 have 陈述部分有had better,或其中的had表示完成时态时，疑问 句应用hadnt等开头： Youd better get up early, hadnt you? 其他情况句中有have时疑问句应用dont等开头 如have表示“有”的时候，有两种形式： -He has two sisters,doesnt he? -He doesnt have any sister
15、s,does he? 4.祈使句 当陈述部分是祈使句时，疑问句要根据语气来表达，分三 种情况： 1）一般情况下用will you 。 Give me a hand, will you? Leave all the things as they are, will you? Dont spoil your child, will you? Take his dirty gloves away ,will you? 2)以Lets（听者包括在内）开头的祈使句，前肯后可肯可 否，疑问句必须用shall we（shall只用于第一人称）;只有 以Let us（听话人不被包括在“us”里面）或Let m
16、e开头的祈 使句，问句才用will you。 Let us know the time of your arrival, will you? Lets try again, shall we? Let me help you, will you? Lets have a look on your book，shall we？ 3)当陈述句是否定的祈使句时，问句可用will you 或can you 。 e.g. Dont make much noise, will/can you? There be句型 There be 句型中，反义疑问部分必须为be 动词 + there There are
17、 some apples in the basket, arent there? There isnt any milk left, is there? there used to be,反义疑问句有两种形式：didnt there和usednt there. There used to be some cities wall, usednt there? 或：There used to be some cities wall, didnt there? 5.Must .当陈述部分有情态动词must，问句有4种情况： （1）mustnt表示“禁止，不可，不必”时，附加问句通常要用must. Y
18、ou mustnt stop your car here, must you? 你不能把车停在这地方，知道吗？ （2）must表示“有必要”时，附加问句通常要用neednt. They must finish the work today, neednt they? 他们今天要完成这项工作，是吗？ （3）must be表推测,用来表示对现 在的情况进行推测时，问句通 常要根据must后面的动词采用相应的形式。 He must be good at English, isnt he? 他英语一定学得很好，是吗？ She must be a good English teacher, isnt s
19、he? 她一定是位优秀的英 语老师，是吗？ （4）当must have done表示对过去的情况进行推测（一般句中 有明确的过去时间状语），问句要根据陈述部分谓语的情况用 “didnt+主语”或“wasnt/werent+主语”；如果强调动作的完成（一 般没有明确的过去时间状语），问句要用“havent/hasnt+主语”。 She must have read the novel last week, didnt she? 她上星期一定读了这本小说，不是吗？ You must have told her about it, havent you? 你一定把这事告诉她了，不是吗？ 6.陈述部分
20、的主语为从句时，问句部分的主语一般用it代替，如： What he said is true, isnt it? (不用didnt he?) Where we will build the dam has not been decided yet, has it? (不用 wont we?) 7.感叹句后的附加疑问句的谓语动词需用be的现在时，且 常用否定形式。如： What a clever boy, isnt he? What a lovely day, isnt it? 8.当陈述部分的主语是指示代词this, that或these, those时， 附加疑问句中的主语分别用it和the
21、y。如： This is important, isnt it? That isnt correct, is it? These are your friends Tom and Jack, arent they? 9.陈述句中的谓语动词是wish，表示愿望时用may，且用 肯定形式。如： I wish to have a chance to learn English, may I? 附加疑问句的读法 陈述部分一般用降调，而附加疑问部分既可用升调也可用降 调，但含义有所不同。通常情况下，用升调时，多表示疑问 或请求；用降调时，多表示求证或希望对方同意。如： The school team h
22、ave won the gold medal，havent they? The school team have won the gold medal，havent they? 巩固练习 完成下面的附加疑问句. 1.Your aunt could hardly recognize you, _? 2.Somebodys forgotten their coats, _? 3. Bob said he would telephone us, _? 4.You are so tired. You had better have a rest,_? 5. Mr Johnson must have a
23、rrived by subway,_? 6. Dont forget to close the windows when you leave the room,_? 7. I dont believe they can pass the driving test, _? 8.Let me help you with your English study,_? 9.There wont be any meetings this evening,_? 10.Pass me the newspaper,_? could she havent they didnt he hadnt you hadnt he will you can they will you will there will you Thank you
