1、 Unit 4 NATURAL DISASTERS Words and Expressions 1. disaster dz:st(r): n.灾灾难难;灾灾害害 The earthquake is a natural disaster. tornado tornado tornado 2. tornado t:ned : n.(-oes/-os) 龙龙卷卷风风;旋风旋风 When a tornado touches the ground, it does a lot of damage. drought 3. drought drat : n.旱旱灾灾;久旱久旱 The summer dro
2、ught has killed at least two thousand animals in Africa. landslide landslide 4. landslide lndslad: n. (landfall) (山地或悬崖的山地或悬崖的)崩塌崩塌;滑坡滑坡 The ten-hour heavy rain caused lots of landslides in the small country . 5. slide slad : v. (slid, slid) (使使)滑行滑行;滑滑动动 Its fun to slide on the ice. tsunami tsunami
3、 6. tsunami tsu:n:mi : 海啸海啸 1)More than 200,000 people lost their lives in the 2004 tsunami. 2)When the tsunami struck the islands, only five people were killed. flood flood 7. flood fld: n. 洪洪水水;大大量量 v.淹淹没没;大大量涌入量涌入 ;使使灌满灌满水水 blood: n. 血血 The river has flooded the whole village. volcanic eruption v
4、olcanic eruption 8. volcanic eruption vlknk rpn: 火山喷发火山喷发 The place was recently visited by a serious volcanic eruption. 9. magnitude mntju:d : n. (地地)震级震级; 重大重大 What was the magnitude of the earthquake in Ecuador? 【The earthquake measured 7.8 on the Richter scale. 】 地地震按震级大小的分类情况：震按震级大小的分类情况： 弱弱震震：
5、震级小于：震级小于3 级的地级的地震震。 有有感地震感地震：震级等于或大于：震级等于或大于3级级、小于小于或或 等于等于5级的地级的地震震。 中中强震强震：震级大于：震级大于5级级,小小于于6级级的地震的地震。 强震强震：震级等于或大于：震级等于或大于6 级的地级的地震震。 唐山地震：唐山地震：8.2级级(24万多死亡万多死亡) (1976.7.28) 汶川地震：汶川地震：8级级(8万万7千多千多死亡死亡) (1908.5.12) 智利地震：智利地震：9.5级级(6千千多死亡多死亡) (1960.5.22) 智利地震是世界有记录的最大地震智利地震是世界有记录的最大地震。 rescue 10.
6、rescue reskju: : n./v. 营营救救;救援救援 1)They rescued the boy from the earthquake. 2)What are the rescue workers and soldiers doing in the flood-hit area? 11. damage dmd : v. 损损害害;破坏破坏 n.损损坏坏;损失损失 do damage to: 对对造成损造成损害害 His car was badly damaged in the accident. 12. destroy dstr: v.摧摧毁毁;毁毁灭灭 (destroyed/
7、destroying) About 2,400 homes were destroyed in the wildfire. (damage destroy ruin) damage: 指部分性指部分性的的,不不严重的破坏严重的破坏 。 destroy: 严重的破坏严重的破坏 ,往往不可修复。往往不可修复。 ruin: 比比destroy造成的破坏更严重。造成的破坏更严重。 也也可指破坏名声可指破坏名声,期望等等。期望等等。 1)Their houses were damaged by the earthquake. 2)The enemy destroyed the city. 3)The s
8、torm ruined the crops. 13. evacuate vkjuet: v. 疏散疏散;撤出撤出;撤离撤离 Almost 8,800 people were evacuated before the typhoon. helicopter by helicopter helicopter 14. helicopter helkpt(r) : n. 直升机直升机 Planes and helicopters were used to fight the fire. 15. death de: n. 死死;死亡死亡 die: v. 死亡死亡 dead: adj. 死的死的 pass
9、 away: 去世去世 deadly: 致命的致命的 1)The wildfire caused no deaths and no injuries. 2)The flood caused eight deaths. 16. affect fekt: v. 影影响响; (疾病疾病)侵袭侵袭; 感染感染;深深深打深打动动 effect: n. 影响影响; 效果效果 effort: n. 努力努力 make an/no effort to do.: (没没)努力做努力做. have an/no effect on/upon.: 对对.有有/无影响无影响/效果效果 1)In the flood 82
10、 people were killed and 500,000 people were affected. 2)Their opinions will not affect my decision. 2)They were deeply affected/moved/ touched/struck by her words. 17. shelter elt: n.避难避难处处;居所居所;庇庇护护 v.保保护护;掩掩蔽蔽 ;躲避躲避(风风/雨雨/危险危险) shelter/protect .from.: 保护保护.免遭免遭. 1)Shelters were set up for the home
11、less by the government. 2)We must shelter/protect the people from the hurricane. 18. crack krk: n.裂纹裂纹;裂缝裂缝 v. (使使)破裂破裂 There were deep cracks that appeared in the well walls. 19. as if/though: 似乎似乎;好像好像;仿佛仿佛 1)It seemed as if the world were coming to an end. 2)It looks as if it is going to rain har
12、d. 20. ruin ru:n: n./v. 破坏破坏;毁坏毁坏 in ruins : 严重受损严重受损;破败不堪破败不堪 1)In less than one minute, a large city lay in ruins. 2)The bad weather will ruin your trip. in in ruinsruins 21. percent psent: n. 百分之百分之 . = per cent About 75 percent of the citys factories and buildings, 90 percent of its homes, and a
13、ll of its hospitals were gone. brick 22. brick brk: n. 砖砖;砖块砖块 Bricks covered the ground like red autumn leaves, but no wind could blow them away. 23. metal metl/: n. 金属金属 medal: 奖章奖章 model: 模特模特 modern: 现代的现代的 ; 现代化的现代化的 The railway tracks were now useless pieces of metal. 24. shock k: v.(使使)震惊震惊 n
14、.震震惊惊;令令人震惊的人震惊的事事;休休克克 1)The woman died of shock last night. 2)His sudden death was a great shock to his family. 3)The news will shock the whole world. 4)He was very much shocked at the news. 5)The news is shocking. (surprise - surprised - surprising) (shock - shocked - shocking) 25. in shock: 震惊震惊
15、; 吃惊吃惊 People were in shock and then, later that afternoon, another quake shook Tangshan again. 26. electricity: : 电电; ;电能电能 power: n. 电电力力; 电力供电力供应应 make/produce electricity: 发电发电 Water, food and electricity were hard to get. 27. trap trp: n. 险境险境;陷阱陷阱 v. 使落入险境使落入险境;使陷入圈套使陷入圈套 set/lay a trap(for):
16、设陷阱设陷阱(捕捕) be/become trapped in: 陷入陷入 1)They have laid a trap for the Japanese soldiers. 2)She was trapped in the burning house last night. 28. bury beri : vt.埋埋葬葬;安安葬葬 Soon after the quake, the army sent 150,000 soldiers to Tangshan to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead. I cant bre
17、athe. 29. breathe bri: : v.呼吸呼吸 breath bre: n.呼呼吸吸 take a (deep) breath: 呼吸呼吸 hold ones breath： 屏住呼吸屏住呼吸 out of breath：上气不接下：上气不接下气气 Slowly the city began to breathe again. 30. revive rvav : v.复活复活;(使使)苏苏醒醒 revise: v. 修改修改;修订修订;复习复习 Tangshan started to revive itself and get back up on its feet. (重新站
18、起来重新站起来) 31. revival rvavl: n. 振振兴兴;复苏复苏 32. effort eft : n.努努力力;艰艰难的尝难的尝试试;尽尽力力 make an/no effort to do.: (没没)努力做努力做. 1)With strong support from the government and the tireless efforts of the citys people,a new Tangshan was built upon the earthquakes ruins. 2)We must make an effort to achieve our b
19、ig dreams. 33. unify ju:nfa : v. 统统一一;(使使)成成一一体体 The new leader hopes to unify the country. 34. wisdom wzdm: n. 智智慧慧;才智才智 wise: adj.明智的明智的; 英明英明的的 Tangshan city has proved to China and the rest of the world that in times of disaster, people must unify and show the wisdom to stay positive and rebuild
20、 for a brighter future. 35. context kntekst : n. 上上下下文文;语境语境;背景背景 1)If you continue reading, the context will probably help you understand what the word means. 2)Can you guess the meaning of the word from the context? 36. suffer sf(r): vt. 遭遭受受;蒙蒙受受 vi. (因疾因疾病病/痛苦痛苦/悲悲伤伤等等)受受苦苦 suffer from.: 因因而痛而痛苦
21、苦;患有患有(疾疾病病等等) suffer pain/defeat/hunger/cold/trouble: 经经历历/遭受遭受 1)Some were found alive,though they were suffering from terrible injuries. 2) She is more likely to suffer from heart disease. volcano erupt erupt volcano 37. volcano vlken : n. 火山火山 【volcanoes/ volcanos 】 38. erupt rpt: v. (火山火山)爆发爆发;
22、 (岩浆岩浆/烟等烟等)喷出喷出 The couple who live next to us volunteered to help after the volcano erupted. 39. supply spla: n.供应供应(量量);补给补给; pl. 补给品补给品 v. 供应供应;供给供给 supply sb with= supplyto/for sb: 向向提供提供 = provide sb with sth = provide sth for sb = offer sb sth = offer sth to sb 1)Our emergency supplies are ru
23、nning out. 2)The supplies which were provided to the disaster area were collected from around the world. 3)We will supply enough water and food for the poor people. 40. typhoon tafu:n : 台风台风 台台风风: 最最大大风速风速12 13级级 强强台台风风: 风风速速1415级级 超超强台强台风风: 风风速速16级级 The typhoon struck/hit many countries in Asia. 41
24、. in the open (air): 露露天天;在在户外户外 The film will be shown in the open air tonight. 42. hurricane hrkn : n. 飓风飓风;风风暴暴 飓飓风指大西洋和北太平洋东部地区风指大西洋和北太平洋东部地区 强大而深厚的热带气强大而深厚的热带气旋旋,其其意义和台风类意义和台风类 似似,只只是产生地点不同。是产生地点不同。 typhoon：台风台风 台台风是热带气旋的一个类别。指发风是热带气旋的一个类别。指发 生在北太平洋西部生在北太平洋西部(赤道以赤道以北北,国国际日期际日期 线以线以西西,东东经经100度以东
25、度以东)的热带气的热带气旋。旋。 43. survive svav: vt. 幸幸存存;艰艰难度难度过过 vi.生生存存;存活存活 survival svav()l： n. 生存生存;幸幸存存; 幸幸存存物物 survivor svav: n.幸幸存存者者 survive the earthquake/fire/flood/war: 从从.中幸存中幸存/活下来活下来 She is feeding the baby who survived the earthquake. 44. power pa(r) : n. 电力供应电力供应;力量力量;控制力控制力 1)The worker have tu
26、rned off/on the power. 2)There will be a power failure tonight. 3)Knowledge is power. 45. tap tp: v. 轻轻叩叩;轻敲轻敲;轻轻拍拍 n.水龙水龙头头;轻叩轻叩;轻敲轻敲 tap on/at.: 轻敲轻敲. knock on/at.: 敲敲. 1)She has turned on/off all the taps. 2)Grace tapped on/at the office door and went in. 46. pipe pap: n. 管子管子;管管道道 47. whistle ws
27、l : v.吹口吹口哨哨;发发出笛出笛声声 n. 哨哨子子(声声);呼呼啸声啸声 After an earthquake (if you are trapped in a room), you can tap on a pipe or a wall or whistle for help. 48. emergency im:dnsi: n. 突突发事发事件件;紧紧急情急情况况 You can call an emergency number when you are trapped in a fire. 49. calm k:m : adj.镇静镇静的的;沉沉着的着的 v. 使平使平静静;使使
28、镇镇静静 calm down: 平平静静; 镇静镇静 Stay calm no matter what happens. 50. aid ed: n.援援助助;帮助帮助;救救援物资援物资 v. (formal)帮帮助助;援助援助 1)Some western countries have offered aid after the earthquake. 2)The poor people were aided by the UN. 51. kit kt: n. 成套工成套工具具;成成套设备套设备 tool: 工具工具 52. first aid kit: 急救急救箱箱 53. on hand
29、: 现有现有(尤指帮助尤指帮助) 1)I will explain what emergency supplies people shoud have on hand. 2)I have no money on hand to buy some food for you. 54. crash kr: v. 碰撞碰撞;撞击撞击; 坠毁坠毁 n. 撞车撞车;碰撞碰撞; 坠毁坠毁 crash into.: 碰撞碰撞. 车辆车辆 + hit/strike sb/sth: 车辆碰撞车辆碰撞. 1)His eldest son was killed in a car crash a few years a
30、go. 2)A small plane crashed near the island of Taiwan. 3)The most powerful earthquake in the past 40 years caused a tsunami that crashed into coastlines across Asia yesterday, killing more than 6,500 people in India, Indonesia,Thailand, Malaysia, and at least four other countries. 55. sweep swi:p: v
31、. ( swept-swept) 打扫打扫;清扫清扫 We sweep the floor every afternoon. 56. sweep away: 消消灭灭;彻彻底消底消除除 Mr Black told Tom to sweep away the dead leaves under the trees. wave wave 57. wave wev: n. 海浪海浪; 波波浪浪 v. 挥手挥手; 招手招手 1)Fishermen, tourists, hotels, homes, and cars were swept away by huge waves caused by the
32、 strong earthquake that reached a magnitude of 9.0. 2)He waved at the girl, who was singing on the stage. strike 58. strikestrak: v. 侵袭侵袭;突击突击;击打击打 (struck, struck/stricken) n.罢工罢工;罢课罢课; 袭击袭击 1)The undersea quake struck around 7: 00 a.m., Sunday off the west coast of Indonesias Sumatra Island. 2)The
33、 man struck the boy with his stick. 3)A powerful earthquake struck/hit the island last night. 4)The clock has just struck eight. 5)Will you take part in the strike tomorrow? 59. deliver dlv(r): v.递送递送;传达传达;发表发表 1)However, dangerous conditions and damaged roads will make it difficult to deliver food
34、and supplies. 2)The president will deliver a speech about Covid-19. 60. summary smri : n. 总总结结;概括概括;概概要要 summer: 夏天夏天 in summary/short: 总总之之 1)Here is a summary of the article. 2)In summary, this was a disappointing movie. 61. effect fekt : n. 影影响响;结果结果;效效果果 have an/no effect on/upon.: 对对.有有/无影响无影响/
35、效果效果 1)We should know the cause and effect of this event. 2)Every word from the parents will have an effect on their children. 62. length le: n.长长;长度长度 long: adj. 长的长的 lengthen: v. 变长变长 strong - strength - strengthen A summary should around one third the length of the original text. Ecuador Ecuador
36、Ecuador 63. Ecuador ekwd: : 厄厄瓜多尔瓜多尔(国家名国家名) 64. Memphis memfis : 孟孟菲斯菲斯(美国城市美国城市) 65. Alberta lb:t : 艾艾伯塔省伯塔省(加拿大省份加拿大省份) India Sri lanka China Sri lanka India 66. Colombo klmbu: 科科伦坡伦坡(斯里兰卡首都斯里兰卡首都) 67. Sri lanka ,sr lk : 斯斯里兰卡里兰卡(国家名国家名) Indonesia Thailand Malaysia China 68. Indonesia , ,ndni: 印印度尼西亚度尼西亚(国家名国家名) 69. Thailand tailnd: 泰泰国国(国家名国家名) 70. Malaysia mlei: 马马来西亚来西亚(国家名国家名) Sumatra Island 71. Sumatra sumtrIsland: 苏苏门答腊岛门答腊岛 72. Chandra Theeravit : 钱钱德拉德拉 特拉维特拉维 tfndr i:rvit Thats all. Thank you!
