1、 2020-2021 学年高一上学期训练卷 必修一 Unit5 Languages around the world 英英 语语 （二二） （本卷满分 100 分） 一、阅读理解（每小题 2 分，共 16 分） A Can you remember the day when you spoke your first word? If you can, you are unusual. Try to imagine what first few months of your life were like. I am sure you just spent most of your time ea
2、ting, sleeping and crying. As you grew older, you were awake more of the time. It took your parents more time to play with you and talk to you. You watched and listened curiously(好奇). You began to know that people made certain sounds to go with certain things. Then you began to try making the sounds
3、 you heard. And step by step you were able to make the right sound for one thing. On that day you came to understand the secret of language. The secret is that a certain sound means a certain thing. One sound might be as good as another. But it is no good as a word unless everybody agrees on its mea
4、ning. Only when a group of people use the same set of sounds of things, can they understand each other. Then, and only then do these people have a LANGUAGE. After you found the secret of language, you learned words. Some of the words meant things, such as BOOKS, CHAIRS and SHOES. Some words meant do
5、ing things, such as GO and SWIM, and other words describe things, such as GOOD and DIRTY. Soon you learned to put words together to express your idea, such as “I want to go out and play with my friends.” This is language. By means of language people can communicate. So we say languages are means of
6、communication. 1. _ can remember the day when _. A. One; he spoke his first word B. No one; he spoke his first word C. Most people; they spoke their first words D. None; they spoke their first words 2. The secret of language is that_. A. one sound might be as good as another B. people can understand
7、 each other C. a certain sound is for a certain thing D. there is a special sound for each person 3. You could learn words_. A. before you knew what the language was B. after you knew what the language was C. before you knew the secret of the language D. when you were a baby 4. The aim in using lang
8、uage is _. A. to get everything one wants from others B. to say what one wants to know C. to share ideas, opinions, news, etc with one another D. to make oneself understood by others B Im sitting in my kitchen in London, trying to figure out a text message from my brother. He lives in our home count
9、ry of Germany. We speak German to each other, a language thats rich in strange words, but Ive never heard this one before: fremdsch men. The experience gets me to consider: can we lose our mother language? Most immigrants(移民) know what its like to be not as good at their mother language as before. T
10、he process seems obvious: the longer you are away, the more your language suffers. But its not quite so straightforward(简单的). It turns out that how long youve been away doesnt always matter. Socializing with other native speakers abroad can worsen your own native skills. And emotional factors like t
11、rauma(精神创伤) can be the biggest factor of all. In children, the phenomenon of language attrition(语言磨蚀) is somewhat easier to explain since their brains are generally more flexible and adaptable. Until the age of about 12, a persons language skills are relatively easy to change. Studies on internation
12、al adopters have found that even nine-year-olds can almost completely forget their first language when they are removed from their country of birth. But in adults, the first language is unlikely to disappear entirely except in extreme circumstances. For example, Monika Schmid analyzed the German of
13、elderly German-Jewish wartime refugees(难民) in the UK and the US. The main factor that influenced their language skills wasnt how long they had been abroad or how old they were when they left. It was how much trauma they had experienced as victims. Those who left Germany in the early days of Nazi occ
14、upation, before the worst violence, tended to speak better German despite having been abroad the longest. Those who left later, tended to speak German with difficulty or not at all. “It seemed very clearly a result of this trauma”, says Schmid. “Even though German was the language of 此卷只装订不密封 班级 姓名
15、准考证号 考场号 座位号 childhood, home and family, it was also the language of painful memories”. The most traumatized refugees had held them back. As one of them said: “I feel that Germany betrayed me. America is my country, and English is my language.” 5. What does the first paragraph serve as? A. A comment
16、. B. A background. C. An explanation. D. An introduction. 6. What do paragraph 4 and 5 mainly talk about? A. How two languages coexist. B. The way to deal with adults trauma. C. The reasons behind adults language attrition. D. Whether trauma leads to adults language attrition. 7. Why does trauma cau
17、se a persons mother language to disappear? A. Because he cant remember his mother language. B. Because his ability to communicate is affected. C. Because his country is far from him. D. Because he chooses to escape from bad experiences. 8. What is the best title for the passage? A. Where does your n
18、ative language come from? B. Will you lose your native language? C. How does trauma affect your first language? D. How far are you from your mother tongue 二、七选五（每小题 2 分，共 10 分） Different Cultures The cultures of the East and the West really distinguish themselves from each other a lot. 9. . The orig
19、in of the Eastern culture is mainly from two countries: China and India. Both of the two cultures are developed by rivers the Yellow River in China and the Indus River in India. 10. When the two mother rivers gave birth to the Eastern culture，another famous culture was brought up on the Mesopotamian
20、 plain(美索不达米亚平原) 一 the Mesopotamian Civilization. This civilization later on developed into the cultures of Ancient Rome and Ancient Greek. 11. Like the Chinese culture, the European culture also crossed waters. When the British settled down in America, their culture went with them over the Atlantic
21、 Ocean. So the American culture doesnt distinguish itself from the European culture a lot. 12. Take the language system for example. In the East, most languages belong to the pictographic(象形文字) language while the Western languages are mostly based on the Latin system. Other causes like human race di
22、fferences count as well. But whats more, due to the far distance and the steep areas between the East and the West, the two cultures seldom communicate until recent centuries. So they grew up totally in their own ways with almost no interference(干预) from the other. The differences are everywhere. 13
23、. But different cultures make the world in the 21st century more varied. The cultural gap should not be the obstacle to the civilization of human beings. It ought to be the motivation for our going farther. A. Let us work together to keep a variety of cultures. B. One important thing is to learn abo
24、ut the others culture. C. And these two are well-known as the base of the European culture. D. This is because the culture systems are two separate systems on the whole. E. They helped the two cultures develop for centuries and form their own styles. F. They are obvious and affect peoples ways of th
25、inking and their views of the world. G. At the same time, some other differences add to the cultural differences. 三、完形填空（每小题 1.5 分，共 30 分） Mastery of a language is one of the greatest 14 that one can ever have. Many people have a passion(激情) for learning languages. Human language evolve(进化) from han
26、d gestures and other signs that people used to 15 with each other. Ancient people started with drawing 16 about what they wanted to say, which later on evolved into some languages, after which many other dialects(方言) have come into _17 . With over 2,700 different languages and 7,000 dialects 18 all
27、over the world, the world has many different cultures that 19 speak their native dialects. One such 20 that is even older than the holy book Quran( 古兰经 ), the finest work in classical Arabic(阿拉伯语) 21 , is Arabic. It is known to be one of the most 22_ spoken languages, as over 300 million people spea
28、k in this tongue. In case you want to learn it, then there are many Arabic translation services that 23 people how to actually speak the language. This language alone has hundreds of different dialects that are used by people depending on what 24 they are at. It is 25 that people who speak 26 langua
29、ges find it difficult to communicate with each other because of the difference in dialect; 27 , just like every other language, this language also has a standard language which is used in broadcasts, newspapers, magazines and even in _28 that teach Arabic as their second language. So if you want to
30、29 what a person who has a different Arabic dialect is trying to say, you would need the 30 of Arabic translation services. As mentioned earlier, they teach this language; however, you need to have enough time to learn it _31_ it is also known to be one of the most 32 languages that one can learn. I
31、n fact, many university students who major in this language get help from these agencies, making it 33 for them to learn it. 14. A. ways B. skills C. expressions D. means 15. A. communicate B. fight C. compete D. exchange 16. A. numbers B. circles C. maps D. pictures 17. A. sight B. effect C. fashio
32、n D. action 18. A. concerned B. useful C. present D. familiar 19. A. meanwhile B. still C. seldom D. never 20. A. book B. game C. custom D. language 21. A. literature B. style C. theory D. influence 22. A. probably B. necessarily C. widely D. loudly 23. A. advise B. teach C. explain D. remind 24. A.
33、 level B. length C. age D. location 25. A. surprising B. comforting C. disappointing D. challenging 26. A. foreign B. native C. similar D. various 27. A. therefore B. however C. besides D. or 28. A. schools B. restaurants C. hospitals D. supermarkets 29. A. repeat B. forecast C. research D. understa
34、nd 30. A. list B. help C. sharing D. review 31. A. because B. though C. unless D. until 32. A. important B. formal C. difficult D. lively 33. A. safer B. cheaper C. freer D. easier 四、单句语法填空（每小题 2 分，共 24 分） 34. Knowing a foreign language means better job chances in _ future. 35. This suggests that Br
35、itish attitudes _ accent have deep roots and are based on class prejudice. 36. When he left his_(nation) country, he said he would not return until he was successful. 37. Id appreciate _if you could let me know in advance whether or not you will come. 38. _ the difficulty, she finally became the fir
36、st Indian female athlete to compete in the Olympics. 39. The doctor-patient relationship _(base) on trust, and therefore honesty is essential. 40. They said that due to the (globe) warming the forest is producing additional tons of wood each year. 41. The map is of great _(important) to you if you w
37、ant to travel around in the city. 42. The house _ I lived ten years ago has been pulled down. 43. The blacks in the country want to be treated (equal) in education and employment. 44. _ (listen) to English radio programmes helps him get used to how fast native speakers talk. 45. He always repeats wh
38、at he hears to help _ (he) to experience the feeling of the language. 五、概要写作（共 20 分） 阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇 60词左右的内容概要。 Cultures can be different from each other in many aspects. People can eat different foods and live in different types of houses. People probably speak different languages and have beliefs
39、 and customs very different from yours. However, they can be similar in ways of connecting with each other. We sometimes call these means of communication universal languages. Some legends hold that (据说) thousands of years ago there was a single language spoken by everyone. It is fun to think about
40、a time when everyone may have been able to communicate in the same language though historical evidence does not support this, of course. Today, there are thousands of languages spoken around the world. Yet, there are some means of communication that go beyond words and allow people of wildly differe
41、nt backgrounds to communicate and share emotions and feelings. For example, some people believe music is a universal language. There may be some scientific support for this idea, too. Experts have learned that across cultures people can recognize three common emotions in music: happiness, sadness an
42、d fear. Another universal language that you might not have thought of is math! If you think about it now, it just makes sense. The value of “pi” is roughly 3.14159 no matter where you are. Similarly, we judge the value of something by the same mathematical calculations, no matter whether youre count
43、ing in dollars, pounds or RMB 2020-2021 学年高一上学期训练卷 必修一 Unit5 Languages around the world 英英 语语 （二二）答案答案 一、阅读理解（每小题 2 分，共 16 分） 【答案】1-4 BCBC 【解析】这是一篇说明文。主要讲述了语言的学习过程和人们使用语言的目的。 1. 推理判断题。根据第一段第一句“Can you remember the day when you spoke your first word? If you can, you are unusual.”可知如果你能记住你说的第一句话，你就是不同
44、寻常的。由此可推测没有人 能记住自己说的第一句话的。故选 B。 2. 细节理解题。由第二段第四句“The secret is that a certain sound means a certain thing”可知，秘 密就是一种特定的声音意味着一件事，故选 C。 3. 细节理解题。由第三段第一句“After you found the secret of language, you learned words”可知当 你发现了语言的秘密之后， 你学会了一些单词。 即当你了解了语言是什么之后， 你会学会一些单词。 故选 B。 4. 细节理解题。由最后一段最后一句“By the way of
45、language people can communicate. So we say languages mean communication”可知， 通过语言， 人们可以交流。 所以我们使用语言的目的在于交流， 和他人分享意见观点。故选 C。 【答案】5-8 DCDB 【解析】作者由一封信中的生词引发自己的疑问：我们的母语会消失吗？然后通过德国犹太战时难 民的例子向大家证明了一个道理：母语会不会消失不在于你离开故乡多久，心理因素才是最大的影 响。 5. 推理判断题。本文第一段的内容是：作者收到弟弟的信息，却看不懂里边的生词。由第二段 首句的“The experience gets me to
46、 consider: can we lose our mother language?”可知，这个情景让作者开 始思考，母语会消失吗？也就是说第一段的目的就是引出本文主题内容，是一个引子。A. A comment 评论，意见；B. A background背景；C. An explanation 解释；D. An introduction引言。故选 D。 6. 主旨大意题。第四段第二句“For example”，说明后边的举例是为了说明首句的中心。第四段 首句内容为“对于成人，除非是在极端情况下，第一语言几乎不可能全部消失。”第四段内容是从 整体难民的情况来论证中心，第五段是通过两个人的论述证
47、明中心。所以第四段和第五段内容都是 以第四段首句为中心的，为了说明成人语言磨蚀的原因。故选 C。 7. 细节理解题。由最后一段中 Schmid 的论述可知，虽然德语是他的母语，但是也是痛苦记忆 的语言。所以身心受创的难民不想提及它们（held them back） 。也就是说他们选择逃避坏的经历。故 选 D。 8. 主旨大意题。由文章第二段中的“The experience gets me to consider: can we lose our mother language?”可知，本文主要探讨的问题就是：我们会失去我们的母语吗？故选 B。 二、七选五（每小题 2 分，共 10 分） 【答案】9-13 DECGF 【解析】本文介绍了东西方文化的起源和发展，以及它们之间的差异。 9. 考查过渡句。上文说东西方文化真的有很大不同，D 项说明了原因，符合语境。故选 D 项。 10. 考查承上启下句。根据“Both of the two cultures are developed by rivers the Yellow River in China and the Indus River in India”可知，中国的母亲河是黄河，而印度的母
