2020新人教版英语必修第一册UNIT 1 TEENAGE LIFE单元句式语法.doc

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1、 1 Unit 1 TEENAGE LIFE 一句式剖析一句式剖析 1.【教材原文 P12】What do you think students do in these clubs? 你认为学生在 这些社团里做什么? 【句式剖析】 本句是特殊双重疑问句,句中的“do you think”为插入语,其后的“students do in.”用的是陈述语序。 【考点提炼】 特殊双重疑问句特殊双重疑问句 特 殊 双 重 疑 问 句 的 结 构 为 “ 特 殊 疑 问 词 +do you think/expect/suppose/believe/.+ 特 殊 疑 问 句 的 其 他 部 分 ” , 其

2、中 do you think/expect/suppose/believe/.为插入语。 Why do you suppose let out the secret? 你认为是谁泄露了秘密? 【特别提醒】 使用特殊双重疑问句时应注意以下几个方面: (1)不能 yes 或 no 来回答这样的双重疑问句,应用完整的句子来回答。 Where do you think they should go? 你认为他们该去哪儿? I think theyd better go to Shanghai. 我认为他们最好去上海。 (2)特殊疑问词一定要放在插入语 do you think/expect/.之前。

3、What do you think he will buy as your birthday present? 你认为他将为你买什么生日礼物呢? (3)“特殊疑问词+do you think/expect/.+特殊疑问句的其他部分”中插入语后 面的部分始终要用陈述语序。 When do you think the naughty boy will finish his homework? 你认为这个淘气的小男孩什么时候会完成家庭作业? 【例题】 根据汉语意思完成句子 2 (1)妈妈要到了,你希望她给你带了什么生日礼物? Mum is coming. What present _ for you

4、r birthday?(expect, bring) (2)为了学好英语,你觉得对我们来说要做的最重要的事是什么? _ is the most important thing for us to do in order to learn English well?(believe) 【答案】 (1)do you expect she has bought 第二句为特殊双重疑问句,do you expect 在此 做插入语,应放在特殊疑问词的后面,特殊疑问句的其他部分应用陈述语序。 (2)What do you believe 该句为特殊双重疑问句,What 为特殊疑问词,放在句 首,do yo

5、u believe 为插入语,放在特殊疑问词的后面。 2.【教材原文 P14】Ill find a way to improve on my own so that I can make the team next year. 我会找到提升自己的方法,以便自己明年能加入校队。 【句式剖析】 本句为主从复合句。so that 后面的部分为从句,做前面主句的目的状语,故 为目的状语从句。 【考点提炼】 so that 引导目的状语从句引导目的状语从句 (1)so that 引导目的状语从句时,表示“以便,为了” 。此时,从句谓语常带有 should/would/could/might/can 等情

6、态动词。 其同义短语 in order that 也可引导目的 状语从句,但 so that 一般不用于句首,而 in order that 可用于句首。 Parents and children should communicate more to narrow the gap between them so that/in order that they can understand each other better. 为了缩小父母和孩子之间的差距, 他们应该多交流, 以便能更好地相互理解。 In order that we can be rich in knowledge, we sh

7、ould read more books. 为了拥有丰富的知识,我们应该多读书。 (2)当 so that/in order that 引导的从句中主语和主句中的主语一致时,可将从句 简化为 in order to/so as to 结构。注意:so as to 不能放在句首,而 in order to 可以 放在句首。 为了实现我们的理想,我们必须努力学习。 3 We must study hard so that/in order that we could realize our dreams. We must study hard so as to/in order to realiz

8、e our dreams. In order to realize our dreams, we must study hard. 【归纳拓展】 so that 除了引导目的状语从句外,还可以引导结果状语从句,意为“因此, 所以” ,so that 前常有逗号将其与前面的内容隔开。 He injured his foot, so that he was unable to play in the match. 他的脚受伤了,因此他无法出场比赛。 【例题】 1. 判断下列句子中 so that 引导的从句类型 (1)Lets not pick these peaches until this w

9、eekend so that they get sweet enough to be eaten. _ (2)But he quickly found that he loved playing this instrument, and was committed to(致力于)practicing it so that within a couple of months he was playing reasonably well. _ 2. 一句多译 他离开得早是为了能按时到那儿。 (1)_ (2)_ (3)_ 【答案】 1. (1)目的状语从句 句意:咱们等到周末再摘这些桃子,以便桃子足

10、够甜, 可以吃了。 (2)结果状语从句 句意:但是很快他发现自己喜欢弹奏这种乐器,并尽心尽力 练习,因此在几个月内,他就弹奏得相当好了。 2. (1)He left early so that/in order that he could get there on time. (2)He left early so as to/in order to get there on time. (3)In order to get there on time, he left early. 3. 【教材原文 P14】Im a bit worried about keeping up with the

11、 other students in my advanced course, and Ill be quite difficult to get used to all the homework. 我对于自 4 己在高级课程中赶上其他同学有些担忧, 并且深知要习惯于这一切的作业量是一 件十分不易的事。 【句式剖析】 本句为并列句,其中 and 连接前后两个分句,在后一分句中含有“It is + adj. + to do sth.”句型,其中 It 为形式主语,而不定式短语 to do sth.为真正主语。 【考点提炼】 “It is + adj. + to do sth.”句型”句型 该句型可

12、以拓展为两种形式: (1)It is + adj. +(for sb.)to do sth. 意为“ (对某人来说)做某事是.的” ,此句 型中的形容词是修饰某件事物而不是修饰人的,如 difficult, easy, hard, important, necessary, possible 等。 It is very important to master a foreign language. 掌握一门外语很重要 It is illegal to drive a car without a license. 在没有驾照的情况下开车是不合法的。 (2)It is + adj. +(of sb

13、.)to do sth. 意为“ (某人)做某事是.的” ,此句型中的 形容词是修饰人而不是修饰某件事的,如 kind, brave, clever, stupid, nice, good, silly, careful, naughty 等。 It is clever of you to say so! 你这样可真聪明。 It was nice of them to invite us. 他们真好,邀请了我们。 【例题】 1. 单句语法填空 (1)_ was considerate of Michael to inform us of his delay in case we got wor

14、ried. (2)It is difficult for us _(do)so much work. We need more hands. (3)It is nice _ you to help me out of trouble. (4)It is hard _ Greece to get rid of the debt crisis. 2. 单句写作 It is very important _.(对于学英语的 人来说每天早上读英语). 【答案】 5 1. (1)It (2)to do (3)of (4)for 2. for English learners to read Englis

15、h every morning. 4.【教材原文 P14】The teacher showed us how to move, and then we tried. 老师 向我们展示如何做动作,然后我们再尝试。 【句式剖析】 本句为并列句。全句由并列连词 and 连接前后两个分句,在前一个分句中 “how to move”属“疑问词+动词不定式”结构,做 show 的直接宾语,us 为间 接宾语。 【考点提炼】 “疑问词“疑问词/whether+不定不定式”结构式”结构 语法功能:做主语、宾语、表语等 常见的特殊疑问词:what, which, who, when, where, how 不定

16、式的形式:一般式 做主语时谓语动词的数:一般用单数 注意:特殊疑问词与构成不定式的动词之间为动宾关系时,不定式通常用主动 形式 When to start off has not been decide. 何时动身尚未决定。 (做主语) He will advise you what to do. 他会建议你们做什么。 (做宾语) The problem is where to put this computer. 问题是把这台计算机放在哪。 (作表语) 【例题】 单句语法填空 (1)There isnt any difference between the two gifts. I real

17、ly dont know _ to choose. (2)Twenty students want to attend the class that aims to teach _ to read. (3)She could not decide _ to send him to hospital or not. (4)Where to go tomorrow _(have)not been decided yet. (5)Will you show me how _(use)this machine? 【答案】 (1)which (2)how (3)whether (4)has (5)to

18、use 6 5.【教材原文 P18】But spending too much time online is unhealthy and makes it very difficult to focus on other things in life. 但花过多时间上网既有害健康,又很 难关注生活中的其他方面。 【句式剖析】 本句为简单句,句中的主语为“spending.online”这个动名词短语,第二个 谓语动词为 make,其后的 it 为形式宾语句,very difficult 为宾语补足语,不定式 短语“to focus.life”为真正的宾语。 【考点提炼】 “make宾语宾语补足

19、语”结构宾语宾语补足语”结构 “make宾语宾语补足语”结构有以下几种形式: (1)当宾语是不定式或从句时,多用 it 做形式宾语,把真正的宾语后置,构成 “make it + 宾语补足语(adj./n.) (+for sb.)+ 真正的宾语”结构。 The heavy rain made it impossible for us to go out. 大雨使我们无法出去。 I make it a rule to keep a diary every day. 我养成了每天写日记的习惯。 (2)make+名词/代词+不带 to 的不定式。当该结构用于被动语态时,不定式符 号 to 不能省略。

20、Every day my parents make me have an egg. =Every day I am made to have an egg by my parents. 我父母要我每天吃一个鸡蛋。 (3)make+名词/代词过去分词。构成过去分词的动词与宾语(名词/代词)之 间是逻辑上的动宾关系,且分词动作已完成。值得注意的是,不能用现在分词做 宾语补足语。 His actions made him greatly respected. 他的行为使他备受尊敬。 (4)make名词/代词形容词。表示“使.变得.” 。 We must make the room clean. 我们

21、必须把房间打扫干净。 (5)make名词/代词名词。表示“使.成为.” 。如果宾语补足语是表示独一 无二的职位或头衔的名词时,则其前不用冠词。 Make your enemy your friend. 化敌为友。 We made Tom captain, for he was more experienced. 我们让汤姆当船长,因为他更有经验。 7 【例题】 单句语法填空 (1)Travelling can broaden our view and it can make us _(feel)relaxed after a long period of studying or working

22、. (2)The speaker raised his voice in order to make himself _(hear). (3)The fact that she was a foreigner made _ difficult for her to get a job in that country. (4)Though he had often made his little sister _, today he was made _ by his little sister.(cry) 【答案】 (1)feel 句意:旅行能拓宽我们的视野,能使我们在长时间的学习或工作后感

23、觉放松。make sb. do sth. 让某人做某事。 (2)heard 句意:发言人提高了嗓音以便别人能听到他说的话。宾语(himself) 与宾语补足语(hear)是逻辑上的动宾关系,故用过去分词 heard。 (3)it make it + adj./n. + for sb. to do sth. 中 it 做形式宾语,代替后面的动词不 定式。 (4)cry;to cry make sb. do sth. 是固定用法,当这一结构用于被动语态时,不 定式符号 to 不能省略。 6.【教材原文 P19】There is a girl I like in my class, but Im t

24、oo shy to talk to her. 我班上有一位我喜欢的女孩,但我太害羞,以至于不敢跟她讲话。 【句式剖析】 本句为并列句, 由并列连词 but 连接前后两个分句。 在后一分句中含有 “too. to.”结构。 【考点提炼】 “too.to.”结构”结构 “too.to.”结构意为“太.以至于不.” 。 The electric wires are too high for children to reach. 电线太高以至于孩子们够不到。 【归纳拓展】 8 too.to.结构表示肯定意义的情况:结构表示肯定意义的情况: (1)与某些表示心情的词和描述性的词连用时。如 glad, p

25、leased, surprised, delighted, happy, easy, eager, thankful, anxious, willing, good, kind, true 等。 (2)在 too 前加上 only, but, all, simply, just 等副词时意思不变。 (3)和 never, cant 连用时,表示“非常,不会不” 。 【特别提醒】 can/could not.too/enough 结构常出现在情景对话中,表示“无论怎样也不过 分,无论怎么都不够” 。 【例题】 单句写作 (1)I do all the cooking for my family,

26、 but recently I _ (太忙而没有时间做). (2)Thats the new machine whose parts are _(太小而 不能被看到). (3)Must I turn off the gas after cooking? Of course. You _(再怎么细心都不为过)with that. (4)I _(怎么感谢你都不够)for all your help to my son while we were away from home. 【答案】 (1)have been too busy to do it. (2)too small to be seen

27、(3)can never be too careful (4)cant thank you too much 7. 【教材原文 P19】I guess its because theyre adults and cant understand me. 我 猜想那是因为他们是成年人,无法理解我。 【句式剖析】 本句为主从复合句,句中“I guess”为主句,后面的部分为宾语从句;在宾 语从句中含有 because 引导的表语从句。 【考点提炼】 9 “This/That/It is because.”句型”句型 该句型是常用句型,意为“这/那是因为.” 。This/That/It 用于承接上文,

28、表 示结果。because 引导表语从句,表示原因。 He wouldnt like to go out, this is because he doesnt feel well. 他不想出去,这是因为他觉得不舒服。 【辨析比较】 This is why., This is because., The reason why. is that.与与 The reason that/which. is that. 句型句型 意义意义 引导词功能及从句含义引导词功能及从句含义 This is why. 这就是.的原因 why 引导表语从句,从句表示结果 This is because. 这是因为.

29、because 引导表语从句,从句表示原因 The reason why is that. .的原因是. why 引导定语从句,并在从句中做状语。 that 引导表语从句(切记此处不可用 because) ,表语从句表示原因 The reason that/which.is that. .的原因是. that/which 引导定语从句并在从句中做 主语或宾语,第二个 that 引导表语从句, 从句表示原因 【例题】 单句语法填空 (1)An accident happened on the main road. That is _ traffic seemed to slow suddenly

30、. (2)He has heart disease. That is _ he has been smoking too much. (3)The reason _ he was late for the meeting was he was held up by a traffic jam during the rush hour. (4)The reason _ he gave for his not coming to the party was _ his car broke down halfway. 【答案】 (1)why (2)because (3)why;that (4)tha

31、t/which;that 10 二二. 语法突破语法突破 语法知识精讲语法知识精讲 Grammar 短语短语 短语或词组(Phrases)是具有一定意义但不构成句子或从句的一组词。 1. 名词短语(Noun Phrase) :指以一个名词为中心构成的短语,在句中的功能相 当于名词。 2. 形容词短语(Adjective Phrase) :指以一个形容词为中心构成的短语,在句中 的功能相当于形容词。 3. 副词短语(Adverb Phrase) :指以一个副词为中心构成的短语,在句中的功能 相当于副词。 短语类型短语类型 组成组成 功能功能 例子例子 名词短语 (Noun Phrase) (限定

32、词) + (形容 词、形容词短语、 描述性名词) +名词 +(介词短语) 在句中当作名词用, 一般用作主语、宾语 表语或宾语补足语 a beautiful campus, some school clubs, a beautiful campus of my school 形容词短语 (Adjective Phrase) (副词)+形容词+ (介词短语) 在句中当作形容词 用,可以修饰名词或 代词,还可以用作表 语或宾语补足语 very suitable, really very confusing, strong enough, good for nothing 副词短语 (Adverb P

33、hrase) (副词)+副词 在句中当作副词用, 可以修饰动词、形容 词或副词 very quickly, quite well, far too fast, much more creatively 说明: 1. 在“组成”中,括号里的成分是可选项。 2. 在名词短语的“组成”中,限定词包括冠词(a, an, the) 、指示代词(this, that, these, those 等) 、 物主代词 (my, your, his, her, our, their 等) 和不定代词 (some, no, neither, both 等) 。 3. 副词 enough 在修饰形容词或副词构成形容

34、词短语或者副词短语时,一般放在 11 所修饰的形容词或者副词后面。 Our school has a very beautiful campus. 我们学校有一个很美的校园。 (名词短语) The questions which our English teacher asked just now were really very confusing. 我们英语老师刚才问的问题的确令人迷惑不解。 (形容词短语) The athlete ran far too fast for us to keep up with. 那个运动员跑得太快了,我们跟不上。 (副词短语) 语法知识专练语法知识专练 【

35、例题】 指出下列各句中画线部分是什么短语 1. Our original plan was to go to Spain, but it was too expensive. _ 2. I cant find the arrival time of my train on this schedule. _ 3. The country will continue its commitment to observing the principle of religious freedom. _ 4. The workers started working very hard. _ 5. The

36、happiest are not those who own all the best things, but those who can appreciate the beauty of life. _ 6. The gold medal will be awarded to whoever wins the first place in the bicycle race. _ 7. Dont worry! The girl will lead you back to the hotel. _ 8. He insists that his independent thinking can h

37、elp him to find the truth. _ 9. The Olympic Games, which was first held in 776 BC, did not include women competitors until 1912. _ 10. It is know to us that Aaron Copland is an energetic promoter of American music. _ 【答案】 1. NP;AdjP 2. NP 3. NP;NP 4. AdvP 5. NP;NP 6. NP 7. AdvP 8. NP 9. NP 10. NP 12

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