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(部编人教版)八年级上语文《22 《孟子》三章》优质精品公开课课件.pptx

1、22 孟子三章,学习目标,积累文中常用文言词语,了解主要内容,把握文章的观点和思路。(重点) 把握课文层层推理、结构严谨的论证过程,体会其流畅雄辩的论证风格。(难点) 体会“人和”“大丈夫”的内涵,理解“生于忧患,死于安乐”的道理,体会行正道、经磨难对个人和国家的重要作用。(重点),状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元

2、成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元

3、成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,孟子(约前372前289),名轲,字子舆,邹(今山东邹城东南)人。战国时期伟大的思想家,儒家学派代表人物之一。孟子主张以“仁政”统一天下,并提出“民贵君轻”的民本思想。其言论汇编在孟子一书中。,作者简介,孟子是记录孟子及其弟子言行的著作,共七篇,一般认为是孟子及其弟子万章、公孙丑等人共同编著的。它不仅是儒家的重要学术著作,也是

4、我国古代极具特色的散文专集。其文气势充沛,感情洋溢,逻辑严密;尤长于譬喻,即用形象化的事物和语言来说明复杂抽象的道理;语言明白晓畅,平实浅近,又精练准确。孟子对后世散文的发展有很大影响。,作品简介,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成

5、才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成

6、才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,本课三篇文章均选自孟子译注(中华书局1960年版)。题目是编者加的。孟子生活在社会动荡不安、人民生活十分痛苦的战国时期。当时,各国之间“争地以战,杀人盈野;争城以战,杀人盈城”,统治者“庖有肥肉,厩有肥马”,而人民却“仰不足以事父母,俯,背景链接,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路

7、,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路

8、,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,不足以畜妻子;乐岁终身苦,凶年不免于死亡”。面对这样的社会现实,孟子提出了“民贵君轻”的主张,呼吁统治者重视人民的作用,主张实行“仁政”“王道”。孟子的这些思想、言论及政治主张被

9、记录在孟子一书中。,文体知识,诸子散文 诸子散文是春秋战国时期各个学派阐述自己学说的著作,反映着不同学派的思想倾向、政治主张和哲学观点等。春秋战国时期,“百家竞作,九流并起”。各个思想流派的代表人物纷纷著书立说,宣传自己的社会、政治主张,比较重要的有儒、法、道、墨四家。诸子的文章,各具风采。这类作品的代表有老子论语墨子孟子庄子荀子韩非子等。,得道多助,失道寡助,天时不如地利,地利不如人和。三里之城,七里之郭,环而攻之而不胜。,得道多助,失道寡助,宜于做某事的自然气候条件。,地理优势。,指人心归向,上下团结。,方圆三里的内城。,外城。在城外加筑的一道城墙。,围。,夫环而攻之,必有得天时者矣,然而

10、不胜者,是天时不如地利也。城非不高也,池非不深也,兵革非不坚利也,米粟非不多也,,这。,城墙。,护城河。,泛指武器军备。兵,兵器。革,皮革制成的甲、胄、盾之类。,坚,坚固。利,锋利。,委而去之,是地利不如人和也。故曰,域民不以封疆之界,固国不以山溪之险,威天下不以兵革之利。,弃城而逃。委,放弃。去,离开。,使人民定居下来(而不迁到别的地方去),不能靠疆域的边界。,巩固国防不能靠山河的险要。,震慑天下不能靠武器的锐利。,得道者多助,失道者寡助。寡助之至,亲戚畔之;多助之至,天下顺之。以天下之所顺,攻亲戚之所畔,故君子有不战,战必胜矣。,指能够施行治国的正道,即行仁政。,到。,极点。,与自己有血缘

11、或婚姻关系的人。,同“叛”,背叛。,所以(能行仁政的)君主不战则已,战就一定能胜利。君子,这里指能行仁政的君主,即上文所说的“得道者”。,亲戚畔之( ),通“叛”,背叛,通假字,字词释义,委而去之( ) ( ) 七里之郭( ) 池非不深也( ),古今异义,古义:放弃;今义:委托。,古义:离开;今义:从所在地到别的地方。,古义:外城;今义:姓氏。,古义:护城河;今义:池塘。,一词多义,三里之城( ) 夫环而攻之( ) 寡助之至( ) 亲戚之所畔( ),助词,的,代词,它,指“三里之城”,动词,到,用于主谓之间,取消句子的独立性,天时不如地利( ) 兵革非不坚利也( ),形容词,有利,形容词,锋利

12、,锐利,词类活用,域民不以封疆之界 威天下不以兵革之利,名词用作动词,限制,形容词用作动词,震慑,第一句提出观点,指出决定战争胜负的三要素天时、地利、人和。用顶真的修辞手法突出“人和”是克敌制胜的首要条件。这里的“人和”就是下文说的“多助”和“天下顺之”,即人民的支持和拥护。,“天时不如地利,地利不如人和”这一句有什么作用?,运用了举例论证的方法,通过举小城四面被围,攻方又拥有“天时”这一有利条件,却不能取胜的例子,具体有力地论证了“地利”重于“天时”的论点。,“三里之城是天时不如地利也。”这几句运用了什么论证方法?有什么作用?,“域民不以封疆之界,固国不以山溪之险,威天下不以兵革之利”这三句

13、有什么作用?强调了什么?三个句子的顺序为什么不能颠倒?,作用是增强文章的语势,具有极强的说服力、感召力。强调地利不足恃,只有“人和”才可以“域民”“固国”“威天下”。三句是按照治国的逻辑顺序排列的,是递进关系,前者是后者的必要条件,环环相扣,所以不能颠倒。,对比论证。将“失道者”与“得道者”进行对比,再次强调“人和”的重要性:得人心者,人心归顺,所向披靡;失人心者,人心相悖,不攻自溃。,本文结尾运用了什么论证方法来深化全文主旨?,得道多助,失道寡助,论点,天时不如地利,地利不如人和,板书设计,进攻天时不如地利,论据,防御地利不如人和,域民不以封疆之界,类推,固国不以山溪之险,威天下不以兵革之利

14、,结论,得道者多助天下顺之,失道者寡助亲戚畔之,施行仁政,战争需要人和,治国需要人和,合作探究,1.得道者多助,失道者寡助一文作者是如何来证明他的观点的?,作者围绕“天时”“地利”“人和”三个因素,以战争为例来证明自己的观点。首先以进攻一方为例,从“三里之城,七里之郭”的规模来看,指的是小国家,强大的军队包围一个小国,即使围而不攻,被包围着也一定是坚持不住的,然而却没能使,小国屈服,这是因为小国占据了有利的地势。这就是“天时不如地利”。接着又从防守一方来论述。城高,护城河深,武器精良,粮食多,完全可以长期坚守,然而守城一方弃城而逃,这是因为军心不稳,内部不团结。这就是“地利不如人和”。可见,各

15、种客观因素在战争中都比不上人的主观条件即“人和”的因素,决定战争胜负的是人而不是物。,2.学习文言文要注意联系现实,古为今用,赋予经典作品以时代意义。对于“得道者多助,失道者寡助”,你是如何认识的?,人物一:孟子的这一主张,说明不管是战争还是治国都要顺应民心,反映了孟子在那个特定历史发展阶段中的远见卓识,对当今社会也有很好的借鉴意义。但也应当看到,孟子提出这个思想的根本,目的在于维护封建社会君主的统治,所以也不可避免地带有一定的局限性。,人物二:“威天下”不能靠“天时”“地利”,也不能完全依赖“人和”。靠人和的理论更适用于科学不发达的古代社会。在科技迅猛发展的今天,要想打胜仗,也必须具备先进的

16、国防军事力量。,人物三:“得道者多助,失道者寡助”这一中国儒家的思想对维护和平、避免战争有一定借鉴意义。世界政治格局发展到今天,虽然一些发达国家仍处于支配地位,但霸权主义已经江河日下,合乎道义正在成为处理一些国际关系的准则。,写作特色,1.层层深入,逻辑性强。,作者从战争的角度出发,思路从点到面,由个别到一般,使文章极具说服力。,2.语言简练,善用排比;骈散结合,节奏感强。,文章多次运用排比,不仅增强了文章气势,而且增强了文章的说服力。例如“城非不高也,池非不深也,兵革非不坚利也,米粟非不多也”这四个双重否定句构成的排比句式,意在说明防御者占有极为有利的条件,结果他们仍不得不“委而去之”,,这

17、就有力地说明了“地利不如人和”。文中还运用了一些骈句,例如“天时不如地利,地利不如人和”“得道者多助,失道者寡助”等,句式整齐,音韵和谐,很好地表达了中心思想。,富贵不能淫,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成

18、才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成

19、才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,公孙衍( ) 丈夫之冠( ) 不能淫( ),yn,un,yn,字词注音,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成

20、才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成

21、才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,景春曰:“公孙衍、张仪岂不诚大丈夫 哉?一怒而诸侯惧,安居而天下熄。”,富贵不能淫,与孟子同时代的人,纵横家。,战国时期魏国人,纵横家,曾在秦国为相,又曾佩五国相印。,战国时期魏国人,纵横家,秦惠王时为相,游说六国连横以服从秦国。,指战争停息,天下太平。,真正,确实。,指有大志、有作为、有气节的男子。,孟子曰:“是焉得为大丈夫乎?子未学礼乎?丈夫之冠也,父命之;女子之嫁也,

22、母命之,往送之门,戒之曰:往之女家,必敬必戒,无违夫子!以顺为正者,妾妇之道也。,古时男子二十岁行冠礼,表示成年。冠,行冠礼。,怎么,哪里。,父亲给以训导。命,教导、训诲。,告诫。,这里指夫家。,谨慎。,这里指丈夫。,准则,标准。,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才

23、路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才

24、路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,居天下之广居,立天下之正位,行天下之大道。得志,与民由之;不得志,独行其道。,(大丈夫应该)住进天下最宽广的住宅仁,站在天下最正确的位置礼,走着天下最正确的道路义。,与百姓一同遵循正道而行。由,遵从。,独自走自己的道路。,富贵不能淫,贫贱不能移,威武不能屈。此 之谓大丈夫。”,惑乱,迷惑。这里是使动用法。,改变,动摇。这里是使动用法。,威武:威胁暴力。,贫贱不能移:贫穷卑贱不能

25、使之改变操守。形容意志坚定。,威武不能屈:威武不能使其意志屈服。意思是:不屈从于威势的镇慑之下。形容不畏强暴。,屈服。这里是使动用法。,往之女家,必敬必戒。( ),“女”同“汝”,你,通假字,字词释义,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状

26、元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状

27、元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,古今异义,丈夫之冠也 ( ) 父命之( ) 与民由之( ),古义:男子;今义:已婚女子的配偶。,古义:教导、训诲;今义:命令,生命,古义:遵循;今义:介词,从,一词多义,妾妇之道也( ) 不得志,独行其道( ),法则,规律,道路,词类活用,丈夫之冠也,名词用作动词,行冠礼。,文言句式,判断句: 以顺为正者,妾妇之道也( “者,也”表判断 ),省略句: 以居天下之广居( 省略主语“大丈夫”),“妾妇之道”表现

28、为顺从,其本质是在权力面前无原则,如张仪之流,只是顺从秦王的意思;“大丈夫之道”表现为“富贵不能淫,贫贱不能移,威武不能屈”,其本质是对内心的“仁、义、礼”的坚守,一如儒家所倡导的“穷则独善其身,达则兼善天下”。,请对比分析孟子所说的“妾妇之道”和“大丈夫之道”的不同。,作者在直接反驳景春的观点后,紧接着“立”,从正面提出自己心目中大丈夫的标准:第一,要讲仁德,守礼法,做事合乎道义;第二,无论得志与否,都不能放弃自己的道义准则;第三,富贵、贫贱、威武这些外部施加的因素都不能使之迷乱、动摇、屈服。这三条都做到,才有资格叫作“大丈夫”。,作者心目中“大丈夫”的标准是什么?,不能。“仁”“礼”“义”

29、是大丈夫应该坚持的根本原则,是核心,是基础,所以必须放在最前面;接下来“得志”“不得志”分两种情况讨论,是对根本原则的一种补充;“富贵”“贫贱”“威武”是三种假设的情况,其有一定的偶然性,又是进一步的补充,因此应置于最后。,文章所论述的成为“大丈夫”的三个标准,顺序能否颠倒?为什么?,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,富贵不能淫,景春:,公孙衍、张仪岂不诚大丈夫哉?(

30、树靶子),板书设计,孟子,以“妾妇之道”讽刺公孙衍、张仪不是大丈夫(批驳),坚持“仁、礼、义”,坚守自己的道义准则,“富贵不能淫,贫贱不能移,威武不能屈”,是大丈夫(树标准),大丈夫,孟子关于大丈夫的标准的论述,对于今天的我们有哪些指导意义?,合作探究,写作特色,1.构思精巧,思路清晰。,文章表明孟子的“大丈夫之道”采用问答的形式,先由景春提出问题,然后孟子回答,一问一答,在问答中阐述自己的观点,让读者读来如同身临其境,感受更加深刻。同时,又把“妾妇之道”与“大丈夫”的准则对比,从而突出观点。,2.语言幽默,富有气势。,孟子以“妾妇之道”喻指公孙衍、张仪所为,表明自己的观点,含蓄而幽默。在语言

31、上,孟子善用排比、反问等修辞手法,如“居天下之广居,立天下之正位,行天下之大道”等,气势非凡,有无可辩驳的力量。,生于忧患,死于安乐,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路

32、,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路

33、,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,畎亩( ) 傅说( ) 百里奚( ) 胶鬲( ) 法家拂士( ),qun,yu,x,b,字词注音,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才

34、路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才

35、路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,舜发于畎亩之中,舜在历山耕田,后被尧起用,成为尧的继承人。发,兴起,指被任用。畎亩,田地。,傅说原在傅岩为人筑墙,因以傅为姓,后被殷王武丁任用为相。举,选拔、任用。版筑,古人筑墙,在两块夹板中间放土,再用杵夯实。筑,捣土用的杵。,傅说举于版筑之间,字词释义,管夷吾举于士,胶鬲举于鱼盐之中,胶鬲原以贩卖鱼盐为生,西伯(周文王)把他举荐给纣王。后来,他又辅佐周武王。,管仲(字夷吾)原是齐国公子

36、纠的家臣,纠与公子小白(即后来的齐桓公)争夺君位失败,管仲作为罪人被押回齐国,后经鲍叔牙推荐,被齐桓公任用为相。士,狱官。举于士,从狱官手中释放出来,进而得到任用。,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状

37、元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状

38、元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,孙叔敖举于海,孙叔敖隐居海滨,楚庄王知道他有才能,用他为相。,百里奚:春秋时期虞国大夫。虞亡后被俘,由晋入秦,又逃到楚。后来秦穆公用五张公羊皮把他赎出来,用为大夫。市,集市。,百里奚举于市,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元

39、成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元

40、成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,故天将降大任于是人也,必先苦其心志, 劳其筋骨,饿其体肤,空乏其身,行拂乱其 所为,所以动心忍性,曾益其所不能。,责任,使命。,使动用法,使痛苦,意即折磨。,使动用法,使劳累。,使他经受饥饿之苦。,财资缺乏。,拂,违背。乱,扰乱。,用这些办法。,使他的心受到震撼,使他

41、的性格坚忍起来。,增加。曾,同“增”。,人恒过,然后能改;困于心,衡于虑,而后作;征于色,发于声,而后喻。,常常犯错误。,困惑。,同“横”,梗塞,不顺。,奋起。这里指有所作为。,表现在脸色上,流露在言谈中,才能被人们了解。,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元

42、成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元

43、成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,入则无法家拂士,出则无敌国外患者,国恒亡。然后知生于忧患而死于安乐也。,指在国内。,法家,守法度的大臣。拂士,辅佐君王的贤士。拂,同“弼”,辅佐。,指在国外。,常处忧愁祸患之中可以使人生存,常处安逸快乐之中可以使人死亡。,势力、地位相当的国家。敌,匹敌,相当。,曾益其所不能( ) 困于心,衡于虑( ) 入则无法家拂士( ),同“增”,增加,通假字,同“横”,梗塞、不顺,同“弼”,辅佐,

44、状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,

45、状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,古今异义,舜

46、发于畎亩之中( ) 举于版筑之间( ) 举于士( ),古义:兴起,指被任用; 今义:送出,产生,古义:捣土用的杵; 今义:建筑,修建,古义:狱官;今义:士兵,天将降大任于是人( ) 所以动心忍性( ) 而后喻( ),古义:代词,这; 今义:判断动词,与“非”相对,古义:用来;今义:表因果关系的关联词,古义:了解、明白; 今义:比喻,一词多义,发于畎亩( ) 发于声( ),动词,兴起,被任用,动词,显露、流露,舜发于畎亩之中( ) 天将降大任于是人( ) 生于忧患( ),介词,从,介词,给,介词,在,行拂乱其所为( ) 入则法家拂士( ),违背,同“弼”,辅佐,而后作( ) 而死于安乐( ),连

47、词,表承接,连词,表并列,词类活用,必先苦其心志 劳其筋骨 饿其体肤,形容词的使动用法,使痛苦,形容词的使动用法,使劳累,形容词的使动用法,使饥饿,空乏其身 人恒过,然后能改 入则无法家拂士,出则无敌国外患,形容词的使动用法,使财资缺乏,名词用作动词,犯错误,动词作状语,在国内,在国外,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,

48、状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,文言句式,倒装句: 傅说举于版筑之间(介词结构后置,正常语序应为“傅说于版筑之间举”),第段运用排

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