[人教版]七年级下册历史第7课辽、西夏与北宋的并立教学课件.ppt

1、第7课 辽、西夏与北宋的并立,陈桥,复习回顾,1.民族： 2.建立者： 3.建立时间： 4.都城：,一、契丹族与党项族,契丹族,耶律阿保机,10世纪初,上京临潢府（今内蒙古巴林左旗南）,（一）契丹族,契丹是我国北方的古老民族之一。契丹正式见于历史文献记载的年代是389年。契丹人过着逐水草而居的游牧生活。“行营到处即为家，一卓穹庐数乘车。千里山川无土著，四时畋猎是生涯。”经过约500年的发展，到唐朝时，契丹已逐渐强大起来。,相关链接,契丹文字,契丹货币,契丹人引马图,1.民族： 2.建立者： 3.建立时间： 4.都城：,党项族,元昊,11世纪前期,兴庆府（今宁夏银川）,（二）党项族,状元成才路,

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4、状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,元昊仿效唐宋制度，订立官制、军制和法律，并发展农牧经济，还创制了西夏文字。,西夏货币,西夏铜牌,北宋、辽、西夏的建立简表,想一想辽和西夏对我国历史发展有哪些贡献？,分别完成了契丹族和党项族的封建化，促进了边疆的开发，有利于民族融合，边疆的局部统一为中华民族大一统的重建和巩固奠定了基础。,二、辽与北宋的和战,澶渊之盟,宋太宗即位之后，对辽采取防御政策。宋真宗时，辽军大举攻宋，逼近黄河岸边的澶州城下，威胁都城开封，宋真宗勉强亲征，宋军士气大振，击退辽军。,背景：,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元

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7、成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,第二年（1005年），宋辽在澶州订立和议： 辽军撤回； 北宋给辽“岁币”。 历史上称为“澶渊之盟”。此后很长时间，辽宋之间保持着和平局面。,内容：,如何评价澶渊之盟？,对于北宋来说，有政治屈辱、经济掠夺之弊，加重了人民的负担，但也赢得了政治安定。 辽则大获其利，军事上撤退，政治上赢得主动，经济上得到实惠。 对整个中华民族来说，则有利于民族和平共处，相互交流，促进了双方的发展和民族融合。,辽宋关系,战争,议和澶渊之盟,燕云十六州 燕云十六州，也叫“幽云十六州”“幽蓟十六州”，是五代后唐将领石敬瑭割让给契丹

8、的十六州的总称，大致相当于今北京、天津及河北、山西北部一带。燕指幽州，云指云州。石敬瑭以割地为条件，借助契丹兵力，当上后晋皇帝，将燕云十六州割给契丹。,宋朝：被动挨打，节节败退,西夏：屡屡获胜，民不聊生,内容：西夏对宋称臣 宋给西夏岁币，重开边境贸易,三、西夏与北宋的关系,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状

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11、之争，不是侵略和反侵略的战争。 就其正义性而言，当时的辽、西夏政权是以劫掠和扩大势力为目的而发动战争，是非正义的； 北宋军民的抗辽、西夏斗争维护了中原和南方社会的相对稳定和生产发展，是正义的。,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路

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13、,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,2.北宋与辽、西夏之间的战争给双方带来什么影响？,加重了双方百姓的负担； 使人民蒙受了屠杀和焚掠等空前的战争灾难； 造成国库空虚，严重影响互市贸易和经济文化交流； 激化了民族矛盾和社会阶级矛盾。,3.北宋与辽、西夏由战争走向议和的原因是什么？,双方都不具备彻底战胜对方的实力； 战争耗费

14、了大量的人力财力，破坏了双方的正常 贸易，严重影响人民日常生活； 人民反对战争； 北宋统治者软弱无能。,4.怎样评价北宋与辽、西夏之间的议和？,议和是双方实力均衡的产物； 加重了北宋人民负担； 使南北贯通，互市不绝，有利于经济贸易往来； 促进了民族融合。,5.完成表格。,916年,契丹族,耶律阿保机,上京,澶渊之盟,960年,汉族,赵匡胤,汴京,庆历和议,1038年,党项族,元昊,兴庆,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成

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16、才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,寻踪辽夏： 在我国现在的五十六个民族中，没有契丹族、党项族，他们是怎样神秘“消失”的呢？请查阅有关资料，了解契丹族和党项族随辽夏政权的兴衰在历史上发展和变迁情况。,拓展延伸,宋与辽、宋与西夏订立和议后，对双方产生的主要影响是（ ） A.双方基本上维持了和平局面 B.加速了辽、西夏封建化的进程 C.加强了民族融合 D.加深了北宋的经济负担,课后习题,澶渊之盟前，北宋对辽采取的主要政策是（ ） A.防御 B.进攻 C.和亲 D.投降,3.下列对澶渊之盟的分析和认识，正确的是（ ） 宋辽关系史上由战到和的转折点 北宋政府牺 牲人民利益换取苟安局面的产物 客观上维持了 长久和平 暴露了北宋统治的腐败 A. B. C. D.,