2021届高考英语复习-定语从句.doc

1、2021届高考英语复习-定语从句1. 复习。请指出下列句子的基本句型结构和划线部分所属的成分。1. The girl behind the tree is Kate.2. The smart boy is Harry Potter.3. The book bought by my mother interests me.4. The man running on the playground is a doctor.5. The book which was bought by my mother interests me.6. The man who is running on the pl

2、ayground is a doctor. 7. He, who is my English teacher, is respectable.总结：定语：用来修饰，限定，说明名词或代词的品质与特征。定语从句：在复合句中，用来修饰_或_的从句被称之为定语从句。定语从句位于所修饰的词之后。2. 定语从句的构成要素。_:被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词。引导词：引导定语从句的关系词，包括关系代词与关系副词。关系代词指代在从句中的成分who人宾语人物主语宾语which人物定语关系副词指代在从句中的成分时间地点原因原因状语练习.请找出下列句子的定语从句，先行词，引导词以及引导词在从句中所充当的成分。1. T

3、his is a truck which is made in China.2. I like the city that I visited last year.3. The book whose cover is blue is written by Jane Austen.4. I show great respect for those who are ready to help others.5. The boy who the teacher is punishing is my younger brother.6. The reason why he was late was t

4、hat he fell ill suddenly.7. I still remember the day when I first met him.8. This is the place where I was born.9. I will never forget the days that I spent with you.10. I like the city where my grandparents live.3. 关系副词与介词关系代词的互换。 when=on/in/during/at.+which关系副词: where=on/in/at/to.+which why=for wh

5、ich如：1. I still remember the day when I first met him.=I still remember the day on which I first met him.2. This is the place where I was born.=_.3. I like the city where my grandparents live.= _.4. who,whom,which与that的用法区别。a. 相同点：当who,whom,which,that为从句中的宾语，且前面没有介词时，都可_。b. 只能用that不能用which的情况：先行词被序数

6、词（the first/second.）或形容词最高级修饰时，只能用that.先行词被every,some, no, all, any, little, much等修饰时，只能用that.everything, something, nothing, all, anything, little, much等不定代词作先行词时,只能用that. 先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last修饰时,只能用that. 主句已有who或which时,只能用that. 当先行词同时指人和物时,只能用that.c.在非限制性定语从句中，指物只能用which，不能用t

7、hat,并且which的先行词可以是前面的整句话，译为“这”。d. 关系代词前有介词时，指人只能用whom，指物只能用which.练习1：请给下列句子填上正确的关系词。1. The room, _there are many books is mine.分析：主句：_，从句：_先行词：_, 引导词在从句中的成分:_, 所以填_.2. All _is needed is a supply of oil.分析：主句：_，从句：_先行词：_, 引导词在从句中的成分:_, 所以填_.3. He usually surfs the Internet, _he can find a variety of

8、information.分析：主句：_，从句：_先行词：_, 引导词在从句中的成分:_, 所以填_.4. He, _parents are dead, leads a miserable life.分析：主句：_，从句：_先行词：_, 引导词在从句中的成分:_, 所以填_.5. The teacher, for _ you are waiting has come.分析：主句：_，从句：_先行词：_, 引导词在从句中的成分:_, 所以填_.6. The gentleman _you told me yesterday proved to be a thief.分析：主句：_，从句：_先行词：_

9、, 引导词在从句中的成分:_, 所以填_.7. It is the most boring film _I have ever seen.分析：主句：_，从句：_先行词：_, 引导词在从句中的成分:_, 所以填_.8. Can you tell me the reason _he is asent?分析：主句：_，从句：_先行词：_, 引导词在从句中的成分:_, 所以填_.9. Do you believe the reason _he explained.分析：主句：_，从句：_先行词：_, 引导词在从句中的成分:_, 所以填_.10. They celebrated the day _th

10、eir company was founded in 1998.分析：主句：_，从句：_先行词：_, 引导词在从句中的成分:_, 所以填_.练习2：请用定语从句翻译下列句子。1. 我永远也忘不了我们一起度过的那段美好的时光。主句：_ 从句：_2. 他已经被清华大学所录取，这让他的父母非常的兴奋。主句： _从句：_ 3. 这是我看过的最有趣的一部电影之一。主句：_ 从句：_4. 他们上周所呆的旅店坐落在这个城市的中心。主句：_ 从句：_5. 自助者天助之。主句：_ 从句：_动词分词作定语和定语从句的转换请指出下列句子的定语成分。1. The book bought by my mother in

11、terests me.2. The man running on the playground is a doctor.3. The girl talking to my teacher is Mary.4. The boy called Tom is my best friend.5. China is a country belonging to developing countries.总结：a. 动词过去分词作定语表示与被修饰的词为_关系，并且还表示完成；动词现在分词作定语表示与被修饰的词为_关系，或正在进行。b. 分词作定语的短语可以转换成一个定语从句。如：1) The book b

12、ought by my mother interests me.= The book _ was bought by my mother interests me.2) The man running on the playground is a doctor.=The man _is running on the playground is a doctor.3) The girl talking to my teacher is Mary.=The girl _is Mary.4) The boy called Tom is my best friend.= The boy _is my

13、best friend.5) China is a country belonging to developing countries.China is a country _belongs to developing countries.注：有些doing作定语只是指主动，不一定指正在进行，所以转换时需注意。练习：句型转换。1. I am delighted to receive your letter inviting me to your hometown for Christmas.=_.2. They plan to build a highway which leads to th

14、e mountainous area.= _.3. The Yungang Caves, which was built during Northern Wei Dynasty, is one of the most valuable cultural relics in the world.=_.4. The amber room decorated with gold and jewels took the artists ten years to make.=_.5. Tsinghua University, founded in 1911, is home to a great num

15、ber of outstanding figures.=_.状语1. 状语的定义和作用：状语是修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子等的句子成分。状语表示地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、让步、方式、伴随，比较等。2. 状语的形式和位置:a. 状语的形式很多样，可以是副词（短语）、介词短语、分词（短语）、动词不定式（短语）、状语从句等。如：1) Lets go home. （_作状语）2)If translated word by word, the sentence will be meaningless. 如果逐字翻译，这个句子就没有意义。(_作状语)3)She sat there doing

16、 nothing . (_作状语)4) The best fish swim near the bottom . 好鱼居水底。(_作状语)5) We got up early to catch the early bus. (_作状语)6) With the work done, we went home happily. (_作状语, done表被动与完成)b. 状语的位置很灵活，它可以出现在句首、句中或句末。例如：Immediately he replied. （句首）He immediately replied. （句中）He replied immediately. （句尾）c. 分词

17、和不定式作状语是高考重点考点，所以详细分析一下。分词作状语通常可以表示时间，原因，伴随，条件，让步和结果；动词不定式则用来作目的状语。1)My father sat in the living room reading a newspaper.分析：reading a newspaper 为非谓语，作伴随状语，表示这个动作伴随着谓语动作发生，reading表示和主语为_关系。2)Given better attention , the trees can grow well.分析：given better attention为非谓语，作条件状语，表示这个状语是后面那个句子的条件，given表示

18、和主语为_关系。3) His parents died early, leaving him homeless.分析：leaving him homeless为非谓语，作_状语，表示非谓语这个动作是谓语动作的结果, leaving 表示与主语为_关系。4) Not knowing his address, she went to a policeman for help.分析：Not knowing his address作_状语，knowing表示与主语为_关系。5) Having finished his homework, he went to play football.分析：havi

19、ng finished his homework作_状语，因为having done表示非谓语动作发生在谓语动作went之前，意为“在完成他的作业之后”，相当于after finishing his homework.6) Being tired, he couldnt fall asleep.分析：being tired作_状语，意为“虽然，尽管”，being表示此动作与主语为_关系。7) A lecture will be given next week in our school to get the students more familiar with British culture

20、.分析：to get the students more familiar with British culture作_状语。注1：有时为了表示明确的时间或条件，可在分词前加when, while, if等连词。1) When _ (leave) the airport, she waved again and again to us. 当离开机场的时候，她向我们频频招手。2) While _(wait) for the train, I had a long talk with Jane.注2：分词有时也可以有自己独立的逻辑主语（即与句子的主语不一致），这种结构称为独立结构，在很多情况下表示

21、时间、原因、条件或伴随的动作或情况。例如：3) Time _ (permit), I will go climbing with my grandpa tomorrow.4) The problem _(solve), the quality has been improved. 注3（重点）: 状语里的非谓语动词done表_与_; doing表_与_；表目的或将来则用_.练习：请填空，并画出下列句子的状语。1. These machines have been _(constant) updated.2. I am delighted _(hear) the news.3. With an

22、important meeting _(attend), my husband left home in a hurry.4. _(See) from the mountain, the city looks more attractive.5. He sat there _(do) nothing.6. Once _(hire), I would devote myself to the post.7. _(fortunate), many people lost their lives in the earthquake.8. I have dreamt of becoming an artist _10 years ago.9. I have dreamt of becoming an artist _ 10 years.10. _ this reason, he tried his best to quit drinking .