1、2021届高考英语复习-定语从句1. 复习。请指出下列句子的基本句型结构和划线部分所属的成分。1. The girl behind the tree is Kate.2. The smart boy is Harry Potter.3. The book bought by my mother interests me.4. The man running on the playground is a doctor.5. The book which was bought by my mother interests me.6. The man who is running on the pl
2、ayground is a doctor. 7. He, who is my English teacher, is respectable.总结:定语:用来修饰,限定,说明名词或代词的品质与特征。定语从句:在复合句中,用来修饰_或_的从句被称之为定语从句。定语从句位于所修饰的词之后。2. 定语从句的构成要素。_:被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词。引导词:引导定语从句的关系词,包括关系代词与关系副词。关系代词指代在从句中的成分who人宾语人物主语宾语which人物定语关系副词指代在从句中的成分时间地点原因原因状语练习.请找出下列句子的定语从句,先行词,引导词以及引导词在从句中所充当的成分。1. T
3、his is a truck which is made in China.2. I like the city that I visited last year.3. The book whose cover is blue is written by Jane Austen.4. I show great respect for those who are ready to help others.5. The boy who the teacher is punishing is my younger brother.6. The reason why he was late was t
4、hat he fell ill suddenly.7. I still remember the day when I first met him.8. This is the place where I was born.9. I will never forget the days that I spent with you.10. I like the city where my grandparents live.3. 关系副词与介词关系代词的互换。 when=on/in/during/at.+which关系副词: where=on/in/at/to.+which why=for wh
5、ich如:1. I still remember the day when I first met him.=I still remember the day on which I first met him.2. This is the place where I was born.=_.3. I like the city where my grandparents live.= _.4. who,whom,which与that的用法区别。a. 相同点:当who,whom,which,that为从句中的宾语,且前面没有介词时,都可_。b. 只能用that不能用which的情况:先行词被序数
6、词(the first/second.)或形容词最高级修饰时,只能用that.先行词被every,some, no, all, any, little, much等修饰时,只能用that.everything, something, nothing, all, anything, little, much等不定代词作先行词时,只能用that. 先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last修饰时,只能用that. 主句已有who或which时,只能用that. 当先行词同时指人和物时,只能用that.c.在非限制性定语从句中,指物只能用which,不能用t
7、hat,并且which的先行词可以是前面的整句话,译为“这”。d. 关系代词前有介词时,指人只能用whom,指物只能用which.练习1:请给下列句子填上正确的关系词。1. The room, _there are many books is mine.分析:主句:_,从句:_先行词:_, 引导词在从句中的成分:_, 所以填_.2. All _is needed is a supply of oil.分析:主句:_,从句:_先行词:_, 引导词在从句中的成分:_, 所以填_.3. He usually surfs the Internet, _he can find a variety of
8、information.分析:主句:_,从句:_先行词:_, 引导词在从句中的成分:_, 所以填_.4. He, _parents are dead, leads a miserable life.分析:主句:_,从句:_先行词:_, 引导词在从句中的成分:_, 所以填_.5. The teacher, for _ you are waiting has come.分析:主句:_,从句:_先行词:_, 引导词在从句中的成分:_, 所以填_.6. The gentleman _you told me yesterday proved to be a thief.分析:主句:_,从句:_先行词:_
9、, 引导词在从句中的成分:_, 所以填_.7. It is the most boring film _I have ever seen.分析:主句:_,从句:_先行词:_, 引导词在从句中的成分:_, 所以填_.8. Can you tell me the reason _he is asent?分析:主句:_,从句:_先行词:_, 引导词在从句中的成分:_, 所以填_.9. Do you believe the reason _he explained.分析:主句:_,从句:_先行词:_, 引导词在从句中的成分:_, 所以填_.10. They celebrated the day _th
10、eir company was founded in 1998.分析:主句:_,从句:_先行词:_, 引导词在从句中的成分:_, 所以填_.练习2:请用定语从句翻译下列句子。1. 我永远也忘不了我们一起度过的那段美好的时光。主句:_ 从句:_2. 他已经被清华大学所录取,这让他的父母非常的兴奋。主句: _从句:_ 3. 这是我看过的最有趣的一部电影之一。主句:_ 从句:_4. 他们上周所呆的旅店坐落在这个城市的中心。主句:_ 从句:_5. 自助者天助之。主句:_ 从句:_动词分词作定语和定语从句的转换请指出下列句子的定语成分。1. The book bought by my mother in
11、terests me.2. The man running on the playground is a doctor.3. The girl talking to my teacher is Mary.4. The boy called Tom is my best friend.5. China is a country belonging to developing countries.总结:a. 动词过去分词作定语表示与被修饰的词为_关系,并且还表示完成;动词现在分词作定语表示与被修饰的词为_关系,或正在进行。b. 分词作定语的短语可以转换成一个定语从句。如:1) The book b
12、ought by my mother interests me.= The book _ was bought by my mother interests me.2) The man running on the playground is a doctor.=The man _is running on the playground is a doctor.3) The girl talking to my teacher is Mary.=The girl _is Mary.4) The boy called Tom is my best friend.= The boy _is my
13、best friend.5) China is a country belonging to developing countries.China is a country _belongs to developing countries.注:有些doing作定语只是指主动,不一定指正在进行,所以转换时需注意。练习:句型转换。1. I am delighted to receive your letter inviting me to your hometown for Christmas.=_.2. They plan to build a highway which leads to th
14、e mountainous area.= _.3. The Yungang Caves, which was built during Northern Wei Dynasty, is one of the most valuable cultural relics in the world.=_.4. The amber room decorated with gold and jewels took the artists ten years to make.=_.5. Tsinghua University, founded in 1911, is home to a great num
15、ber of outstanding figures.=_.状语1. 状语的定义和作用:状语是修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子等的句子成分。状语表示地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、让步、方式、伴随,比较等。2. 状语的形式和位置:a. 状语的形式很多样,可以是副词(短语)、介词短语、分词(短语)、动词不定式(短语)、状语从句等。如:1) Lets go home. (_作状语)2)If translated word by word, the sentence will be meaningless. 如果逐字翻译,这个句子就没有意义。(_作状语)3)She sat there doing
16、 nothing . (_作状语)4) The best fish swim near the bottom . 好鱼居水底。(_作状语)5) We got up early to catch the early bus. (_作状语)6) With the work done, we went home happily. (_作状语, done表被动与完成)b. 状语的位置很灵活,它可以出现在句首、句中或句末。例如:Immediately he replied. (句首)He immediately replied. (句中)He replied immediately. (句尾)c. 分词
17、和不定式作状语是高考重点考点,所以详细分析一下。分词作状语通常可以表示时间,原因,伴随,条件,让步和结果;动词不定式则用来作目的状语。1)My father sat in the living room reading a newspaper.分析:reading a newspaper 为非谓语,作伴随状语,表示这个动作伴随着谓语动作发生,reading表示和主语为_关系。2)Given better attention , the trees can grow well.分析:given better attention为非谓语,作条件状语,表示这个状语是后面那个句子的条件,given表示
18、和主语为_关系。3) His parents died early, leaving him homeless.分析:leaving him homeless为非谓语,作_状语,表示非谓语这个动作是谓语动作的结果, leaving 表示与主语为_关系。4) Not knowing his address, she went to a policeman for help.分析:Not knowing his address作_状语,knowing表示与主语为_关系。5) Having finished his homework, he went to play football.分析:havi
19、ng finished his homework作_状语,因为having done表示非谓语动作发生在谓语动作went之前,意为“在完成他的作业之后”,相当于after finishing his homework.6) Being tired, he couldnt fall asleep.分析:being tired作_状语,意为“虽然,尽管”,being表示此动作与主语为_关系。7) A lecture will be given next week in our school to get the students more familiar with British culture
20、.分析:to get the students more familiar with British culture作_状语。注1:有时为了表示明确的时间或条件,可在分词前加when, while, if等连词。1) When _ (leave) the airport, she waved again and again to us. 当离开机场的时候,她向我们频频招手。2) While _(wait) for the train, I had a long talk with Jane.注2:分词有时也可以有自己独立的逻辑主语(即与句子的主语不一致),这种结构称为独立结构,在很多情况下表示
21、时间、原因、条件或伴随的动作或情况。例如:3) Time _ (permit), I will go climbing with my grandpa tomorrow.4) The problem _(solve), the quality has been improved. 注3(重点): 状语里的非谓语动词done表_与_; doing表_与_;表目的或将来则用_.练习:请填空,并画出下列句子的状语。1. These machines have been _(constant) updated.2. I am delighted _(hear) the news.3. With an
22、important meeting _(attend), my husband left home in a hurry.4. _(See) from the mountain, the city looks more attractive.5. He sat there _(do) nothing.6. Once _(hire), I would devote myself to the post.7. _(fortunate), many people lost their lives in the earthquake.8. I have dreamt of becoming an artist _10 years ago.9. I have dreamt of becoming an artist _ 10 years.10. _ this reason, he tried his best to quit drinking .