1、The Nouns,考点解析,中考名词,可数/不可数,单/复数,名词所有格,名词辨析,主谓一致,The Nouns,(一)名词分类,The Nouns,(二)名词的功能 名词在句中可作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、表语、状语、同位语等. 其中名词作定语是中考的重要考点. 1. 名词作定语时一般用单数形式. Is that a shoe factory or a toy one? 那是一家鞋厂还是玩具厂?,The Nouns,2. 当man 或woman 修饰复数名词作定语时, 要用复数形式. two women teachers 两位女教师 three men doctors 三位男医生 3.
2、 一些名词用其复数形式作定语. a clothes shop 一家服装店 a sports meeting 一场运动会 a glasses shop一家眼镜店,The Nouns,名词,专有名词: 特定的人或地点, 首字母应大写 例: New York, Yao Ming,普通名词,可数名词:能够以数计算的事物的名词. 例: pen, student, flower,不可数名词: 不能以数计算的事物的名词 例: 液体, 气体等. milk, water, air,单数名词,复数名词,普通名词: 指一般的人或事物. 例: apple, pen, doctor,The Nouns,考点一: 可数/
3、不可数名词,可数名词,不可数名词,抽象类: friendship; love; happiness,液体类: water; drink; juice,肉 类: meat; fish; pork; beef,材料类: wood; metal; paper; rice;,其 他: information; news,The Nouns,不可数名词 1. 不可数名词不能与a/an连用, 表示“一个”这类概念时, 常用一些短语. E.g.: a piece of news 一条新闻 a bottle of ink 一瓶墨水 a stick of chalk 一根粉笔 a bar of chocolat
4、e一块巧克力,易错点,The Nouns,2. 不能用数词直接修饰不可数名词, 数词要和量词一起修饰不可数名词; 可以用how much, much, a little, little, (a lot of, lots of, some, any, no)等词修饰不可数名词. E.g.: two glasses of milk 两杯牛奶 five bags of rice 五袋大米 There is a little water in the glass. 杯子里有一点水. They had much money. 他们有很多钱. Could you lend me some money? 你
5、能借给我一些钱吗?,The Nouns,3. 有些可数名词或不可数名词在一定情况下可相互转化, 词同义不同. glass(玻璃) a glass(玻璃杯) work(工作) a work(著作) time(时间) times(次数),The Nouns,Exercise: 1. This table is made of_. A. many glass B. some glasses C. glasses D. glass 2. We can do the work better with_ money and _ people. A. fewer, less B. little, few C
6、. few, few,The Nouns,考点二: 名词单复数,名词单复数,规则变化,不规则变化,The Nouns,可数名词单数变复数的规则 (一) 规则变化 1. 一般直接 + s. 如: mapmaps, seaseas, girl girls, daydays, deskdesks, bookbooks, pen pens, magazine magazines, tree trees 若单词以清辅音结尾, 则s 发音为/s/. 若单词以元音或浊辅音结尾, 则s 发音为/z/.,The Nouns,可数名词单数变复数的规则 2. 以s, x, sh, ch 结尾的单词, 在词尾加es.
7、 es 读作/iz/. 如: class classes, bus buses, glass glasses, box boxes, bush bushes, brush brushes, watch watches, match matches.,The Nouns,3. 以辅音字母加y结尾, 变y为i再加es. es 读作/z/. 如: babybabies citycities familyfamilies partyparties storystories countrycountries. 以元音字母加y结尾, 直接加s. s 读作/z/. 如: boyboys, keykeys,
8、monkeymonkeys, holidayholidays.,The Nouns,4. 以o结尾的名词变复数: 有生命加es, 无生命加s. es 和s 均读作/z/ 常考有: 英雄: hero heroes 土豆: potato potatoes 西红柿: tomato tomatoes radioradios pianopianos photophotos kilokilos zoozoos,The Nouns,5. 部分以f/fe结尾, 变f/fe为v再加es. ves 读作/vz/. 如: half halves, wolf wolves, self selves, shelf sh
9、elves, leaf leaves, life lives, knife knives, wife wives, thief thieves 记忆口诀: 妻子(wife)自己(self)看见小偷(thief)用刀(knife)割架子(shelf)上的一半(half)树叶(leaf)给狼(wolf)生活(life).,The Nouns,(二)不规则变化 (1) 单复数同形 (三种动物两国人) fish fish sheep sheep deer deer Japanese Japanese Chinese Chinese (2) 变oo为ee tooth teeth foot feet go
10、ose geese (3) 变man为 men man men, woman women, policeman policemen, Frenchman Frenchmen, Englishman Englishmen 请区别: German(德国人) Germans (“中日“不变“英法“变, 其余s加后面),The Nouns,(4) 合成名词变复数 a. 将主体名词变为复数 sisters-in-law b. 无主体名词时, 将最后一部分变为复数 boy classmates c. 将两部分变为复数(仅woman, man作定语时) women drivers,The Nouns,(三)
11、 有些名词只有复数形式. people (人们) scissors(剪刀) trousers (裤子) clothes (衣服) pants (长裤) shorts (短裤) glasses (眼镜) socks(袜子) shoes(鞋子),The Nouns,Exercise. 1. Some _ came to our school for a visit that day. A. Germans B. Germen C. Germany D. Germanies 2. In the picture there are many_ and two_. A. sheeps; knifes B
12、. sheeps; knife C. sheep; knives D. sheep; knife,The Nouns,考点三: 名词所有格. “的” 1. -s 所有格及添加规则 1.1. 一般情况下, 在有生命的名词后加s. e.g.: Lindas father, Lucys book 1.2. 以s 结尾的词, 在s后加 即可. e.g.: teachers office, the Jones house 1.3. 不以s 结尾的复数词, 直接在词尾加s. e.g.: Childrens Day,的,The Nouns,2. s 所有格的特殊用法 2.1. 如果两个人共有同一物, 则只在
13、后一个名词词尾加-s; e.g.: This is Tom and Peters room. 这是汤姆和彼得的房间. (两个人共有) 如果两个人分别拥有某物, 则分别在两个名词词尾加-s, 被修饰名词要用复数形式. E.g.: These are Toms and Peters rooms. 这些是汤姆和彼得的房间. (分别拥有),The Nouns,2.2. 表示时间、距离、国家、地点和自然现象等无生命名词的所有格也可以用-s的形式. todays paper 今天的报纸 2.3. 表示店铺、医院、诊所、住宅等名称时, 名词所有格后面的这类名词常被省略. Im going to the do
14、ctors (office). 我打算去医务室. She is staying at my uncles (house). 她住在我叔叔家.,The Nouns,3. of 所有格 表示无生命的名词, 通常用“of +名词”的结构来表示所有关系. Bs A = A of B. “B的A.” the windows of the room 房间的窗户 the cover of the dictionary 词典的封面 Bs A = A of B 作主语时, 谓语动词的数要与A 的数一致.,The Nouns,4. 双重所有格的概念及用法 4.1. 表示部分概念, of 短语修饰的名词前通常有表示
15、数量的限定词, 如a, an, one, two, some, several, a few, many, any, no等. This is a picture of mine. 这是我的一张照片. 4.2. 双重所有格与of 所有格的不同. 例如: a photo of Marys 玛丽的一张照片 (玛丽许多照片中的一张, 不一定是她本人) a photo of Mary 一张玛丽的照片(玛丽本人的照片),The Nouns,4.3. 双重所有格的形式: a. 名词 + of + 名词的 -s 所有格 b. 名词 + of + 名词性物主代词 c. 名词 + of + ones own e
16、.g.: A friend of Toms will join us in the game. 汤姆的一位朋友将和我们一起做游戏. Some friends of mine often help me with my English. 我的一些朋友经常帮我学英语. I want a room of my own. 我想要一个自己的房间.,The Nouns,Practice 1. British people eat _ a lot, and they are usually cooked in different ways. A. chicken B. beef C. fish D. pot
17、atoes 2. Do you like _ ? No, I prefer rose, the color of your dress. A. orange B. oranges C. carrot D. carrots 3. March 8th is _ . A. Womans Day B. Women Day C. Woman Days D. Womens Day,The Nouns,4. All the _ teachers enjoyed themselves on March 8th, because it was their own holiday. A. man B. men C
18、. woman D. women 5. Of all the vegetables, I like _ best. A. potatoes B. eggs C. milk D. apples 6. June 1st is _Day. All the Children enjoy it very much. A. Children B. Childrens C. Childrens D. Child,The Nouns,7. These are _ schoolbags. A. Jim and Tom B. Jims and Tom C. Jim and Tom D. Jims and Toms
19、 8. Last Sunday I met _ in the supermarket. A. a friend of Jim B. a friend of Jims C. a friend of Jims D. a friend of Jims,The Nouns,考点四: 主谓一致 1. 单个的不可数名词作主语时谓语动词用单数 Some bread is over there. 2. 常以复数形式出现的名词作主语, 谓语用复数. shoes, trousers, socks, glasses My clothes are newer than yours.,The Nouns,3. 集体名词
20、通常用作复数, 谓语用复数 police, cattle, family, people, group, team, class (不分男女). 对比下边两组题, 用be填空. My family _ having dinner. My family _ a happy one. The police _ running after the thief. The policeman _ running after the thief.,are,is,are,is,The Nouns,Exercise 1. Last night, there was an accident. Ten _ were hurt, but no _ were lost. A. child; lives B. children; lives C. children; life D. child; life 2. The two bedrooms are the _. A. twins B. twins C. twins D. twins 3. Our hospital needs two _ doctors, Mrs. Li. You c
