1、 P6 Word- Building Do the exercises individually, and then check your answers with your partners. Now check your answers 1-5CDCCA 6-10DCBAC Word-building emphasizes that the word being created is entirely new. What is word-building? Compounding(合成)：由两个或更多 的词合成一个词 Derivation(派生)：在词根上加上前缀 （prefix), 后缀
2、（suffix)构成另外一个 词 Conversation(转化)：将一种词性转化 成另一种词性 请体会这些句子： 1.When are you going to write about environmental education? 2. If we dont, the future is hopeless. 3. Its wasteful to throw away paper and metal. 4.Reuse means “use again”. 5.Every class collects reusable waste. 考点题例一：合成词的用法 1.What a bad day
3、! Everyone has one of those days when _goes right. A. nothing B. anything C. everything D. something 解析：多么糟糕的一天啊！ 每个人都有一个一切都不顺利的日 子。 本题考查复合代词的用法。不定代词加名词的 形式。根据句意，选择A项。 2. Yan Jiashuo, a _girl, has won the prize of International Master of Memory. Wow, shes great, isnt she? A ten-year-old B. ten-years
4、-old C. ten year old D. ten years old 解析：本题考查复合形容词的构成。ten-year -old 10岁的，为复合形容词，常用作定语， 单词之间用连字符连接，中间用名词单数。 ten years old 作表语，其他两项表述错误，故 选A项。 考点梳理 合成词由两个或更多的词构成。 1.复合名词 class + room= classroom (名词+名词) black + board=blackboard(形容词+名词) 2. 复合形容词 warm + heart + ed =warmhearted热心肠的 good +looking =good-loo
5、king 相貌好看的 world +wide =worldwide 世界性的 hard +working=hard-working 努力工作的 3.复合动词 over + come =overcome 克服 （副词+ 动词） 4. 复合数词 fifty + four = fifty-four 5.复合代词 everyone, somebody, anything, nobody (不定 代词+名词) 6. 复合副词 down +stairs =downstairs 在楼下（形容词+ 名词） whole +heartedly =wholeheartedly 全神贯 注地（副词+副词） 考点题例二
6、：派生词的用法 1.Some citizens waited for the workers to repair their broken water pipes quite long, and they became _ (patient).(2016,苏州) impatient 解析：本题考查形容词加前缀的用法。由句 意可知，空白处应填入与patient相反意思的 词语，所以加否定前缀im, 但是词性并没有 发生变化。 2. It is _(nature)to forget new words when you are learning languages.(2016, 南宁) natur
7、al 解析：本题考查形容词后缀的用法。 注 意 派生词的运用在历年中考中出 现频率也较高，主要以词汇运 用或者选词填空的形式出现。 考点梳理 派生词是通过在词根上加前缀或者后缀构 成的一个新词。 如： happy -unhappy develop-development 一般的前缀只引起意思的变化，而不会发生 词类的变化，只有少数的引起词类的变化。 如： mis +understand(v.)-misunderstand(v.) 理解-误解 en +large(adj.)-enlarge(v.) 大的-扩大 Tips 1 后缀一般只引起词性上的变化而不会引起 意思的变化。 如： culture
8、(n.)-cultural(adj.) 文化-文化的 work(v.)-worker(n.) 工作-工人 Tips 2 1.前缀 A.表示否定的前缀： un-unhappay unfair non-nonsmoker nonsense in-informal inactive dis-discover dislike il-illegal im-impolite impossible B. 表示错误或失误的前缀 mis-misunderstand misspell C.表示“双，两个”意思的前缀 bi-bicycle D.表示“相互，交互”意思的前缀 inter-interview inter
9、national E. 表示“又，再，重新”意思的前缀 re-rewrite return review F.表示“远”意思的前缀 tele-television telephone 2. 后缀 （1）动词变名词 词根动词名词 -tioneducate invite education invitation -mentdevelop move development movement -erwork teach worker teacher -orvisit sail visitor sailor -ist 人，名词后缀 science-scientist terror-terrorist -
10、ese 民族，语言，名词后缀 Chinese, Japanese 补充 （2）形容词变名词 词根形容词名词 -nessgood happy busy goodness happiness business -ityable possible ability possibility (3)名词变形容词 词根名词形容词 -ywind , health, fun windy, healthy, funny -ishfool, child, girlfoolish, childish,girlish -somehand, troublehandsome , troublesome -ousdanger
11、, humordangerous, humorous -fulhelp, peace, color helpful, peaceful, colorful -lesshome, use, carehomeless,useless,careless -edrelax, interestrelaxed, interested -ingbore,outstandboring, outstanding (4) 名词、形容词变动词 -ify beauty beautify simple simplify -ize real realize -en quick quicken sharp sharpen
12、wide widen 考点题例三：转化词的用法 1.Please _ _ your homework tomorrow. 2.明天请把你的作业交上来。 handin 解析：本题考查hand 的词类转化，名词变 动词，与介词in 搭配，表示“上交”的意思。 2. The Blacks are going to have their garden _(浇水) this weekend. watered 解析：布莱克一家人这个周末要给 他们的花园浇水。water 本意是名词 “水”的意思，在这里转化为动词“浇 水”。 考点梳理 转化是指单词由一种词类转化为另一种词类 ，一般词类转化后的意义与转化前的
13、意义密 切联系。 如： taste n.味道 It has a good taste. v. 尝起来 It tastes very good. What are the meanings of these words? water, break, watch, boat, cook, open, clean, light, orange, play, colour 常见的转化形式有： 1. 动词转化为名词： stop v. 停止-n. 车站 watch v. 观看-n. 手表 look v. 看-n. 看 walk v. 散步，走-n. 散步 record v. 记录-n. 记录 2. 名词转
14、化为动词： nurse n.护士-vt. 护理 oil n. 油-vt.上油 time n. 时间-vt. 定时，测时 hand n. 手-vt. 上交 seat n. 座位-vt. 坐 show n. 展示，秀-vt. 表演 3. 形容词转化为动词： open (adj. 开着的)-open(v. 开) clean(adj.清洁的)-clean(v.做清洁 ) slow(adj. 慢的)-slow(v.放慢) present(adj.现在的)-present(v.送 ) 4.缩写和简写： telephone-phone airplane-plane mathematics-math exam
15、ination-exam 另外还有许多缩写词由各个单词的首字母组 成。 CD(compact disk) CCTV(China Central Television) UFO(unidentified flying object) UN(United Nations) 举一反三 1.We believed that we can hold the Beijing 2008 Olympic Games _. A. successful B. successfully C. success D. succeed 解析：本题考查词语后缀的用法。根据句意 ，应该用副词形式，故选择B项。 2. 单词分类
16、： A. calling B. often C. scientific D. fantastic E. helping F. usually 1) Thank you for _/_me. 2) They _/_play basketball after school. 3) The invention is very _/_. A E B F C D 3. He like to r_(记录) something while reading a book. 解析：本题考查record 名词动用的用法。 4. He _(命名) the island San Salvador. 解析：本题考查na
17、me 名词动用的用法。 ecord named 一、单项选择 1. I am going to Australia next week. The radio says there is going to be _ in Australia. Dont forget to take your warm clothes. A. snow B. snowy C. snowing 2. Ladies and gentlemen, attention please! I have _important to tell you. A. nothing B. something C. everything
18、D. anything 3. Thanksgiving Day is on the fourth Thursday of November. On that day, families and friends often get together to have a big dinner, giving their thanks to God for what they have got. It is a traditional _festival. A. American B. Chinese C. Japanese 二、词汇运用 1.Its good to have a _(健康的) ea
19、ting habit. 2. Sometimes, a persons whole life is _(easy) changed by something unexpected. 3. School bus _(safe) is a big problem in China. 4. The number 13 is considered an _(lucky) number in some Western countries. healthy easily safety unlucky 5. Nanjing looks much more beautiful on _(snow) days.
20、 6. With the development of society, people are used to searching for the _(最新的) information on the Internet. 7.On his way back home, Frank lost his wallet because of his _.(粗心) 8. There is a _(医学的) college in Nanchong. 9. The _(国家的) parks are very important to protect the wild animals from being ki
21、lled. snowy latest carelessness medical national 三、短文填空 Dolphins are _(interest) animals and _(research) find them smart to watch. They have no hands, but can use tools to solve problems, just like us. There is no_ (evident) that dolphins have a language of their own, but they can understand many sign _(language).They can respond quite_(correct) and qui
