1、1/24 定语从句 2/24 思维拓展 知识梳理 疑难点拨 3/24 1. 功能：在句中作定语，相当于形容词，修饰名词或代词。 2. 位置：放在被修饰名词之后。 3. 先行词：定语从句所修饰的名词为先行词。 （1）先行词一般是名词和不定代词，如:some? , any? , every? 和no 与? body, ? thing的合成词；或all，none，any，some，that，those 等代词。数词也可以作先行词，人称代词也同样可作先行词。 （2）先行词与关系词是对等关系。必须注意两点： 先行词在从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的数由先行词决定。 He is the person who
2、 was praised by captain yesterday. 关系词在从句句子中充当了成分，其意思就是先行词的意义， 所以在从句中不能重复其意。 They are the persons who the captain praised yesterday. 4. 关系词：引导定语从句的词都叫关系词。 关系代词：who, whom, which, that, whose, as。 关系副词：when, where, why。That 偶尔也作关系副词。 4/24 一、关系词的确定 1. 在定语从句中，当先行词指物时，下列情况的关系词宜用that 而不用which。 （1）先行词被形容词最
3、高级，序数词，数词几种词修饰或被 only，any，few，little，no，all，one of等修饰时。 （2）先行词为all，much，little，none，few，one， something，anything等不定代词时。 （3）先行词中既有人又有物时。 He often recalls the persons and things that he experienced in university. （4）先行词在主句中作表语或关系词在从句中作表语时。 The school is no longer the one that was 3 years ago. （5）当主句中含有
4、疑问词which时。 Which are the problems that you told me last week? 5/24 一、关系词的确定 2. 关系词宜用which而不用that的情况。 （1）在非限制性定语从句中 （2）在关系词前有介词时 （3）当先行词本身是that时 （4）当关系词离先行词较远时 6/24 一、关系词的确定 3. 关系词who与that指人时，也有不同情况分别用不同的关系词。 （1）当主句是there be句型时，关系词用who。 （2）先行词是anyone，those，someone，everyone，one等词 时，关系词用who。 （3）当主句是who
5、作疑问词时，关系词用that。 Who is the man that is talking with John? （4）whom在从句中只作宾语，可被who取代。 whose作关系词既指人又指物，在从句中作定语。 Do you know Mr. Black whose son is a doctor? There is a room whose windows are broken. 7/24 一、关系词的确定 4. 关系代词as引导定语从句的用法。 （1）先行词被such和the same修饰，或句型as many / much中， 从句都用as 引导。注意区别： such that 引导
6、结果状语从句。 They are such lovely children that we love them much. the same that 引导定语从句。 I want to use the same tool that you used just now. （2）无先行词的定语从句用as和which引导。区别： 意义上：as 含有“这点正如一样”。 位置上：as 从句可置句首，也可在其他位置。 8/24 一、关系词的确定 5. 关系副词when，where，why，that。 when 指时间 = in / at / on / during which where 指地点 = i
7、n / at / from which why 指原因 = for which 当先行词为way，day，reason，time时，可用that作关系副 词。（非正式场合） I don? t like the way that / in which he talks. 当time作先行词时，关系词可以省掉。 This is the first time I have given you a lesson in French. 9/24 二、必须注意的几个问题 （1）定语从句中谓语的数。 （2）注意区别定语从句与强调句。 定语从句中关系词作从句成分，复合句。 强调it无意义，that / who
8、不是引导词。 it is / was和that / who后如果句子意思讲得通 则是强调句，讲不通则不是。 It is the factory that we visited last year. (强调句) It was in the shop that I met Jack. （强调句） 10/24 二、必须注意的几个问题 （3）定语从句与同位语从句的区别。 定语从句引导词被称为关系词，that充当主语、宾语、表语。 有时可省略。 同位语从句引导词被叫做连词，that不能充当任何成分，不可 省。 We all know the fact that our manager has been
9、to Beijing.(同位语) This is the truth that everyone can understand. (定语) （4）关系词在从句中省略的情况。 关系词作宾语，前无介词时。 关系词作表语。 （5）限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的翻译。 （6）关系词前有介词或复杂介词，关系词只能是which和whom。 11/24 例1 By nine oclock, all the Olympic torch bearers had reached the top of Mount Qomolangma appeared a rare rainbow soon . A. of w
10、hich B. on which C. from which D. above which 此题关键是介词的确定，彩虹当然出现在山峰之 上，故用介词above。 剖析 12/24 例2 The man pulled out a gold watch, _were made of small diamonds. A. the hands of whom B. whom the hands of C. which the hands of D. the hands of which 表的手链是由小的钻石做成的。表所属关系。请参 阅：The man pulled out a gold watch,
11、whose hands / the hands of which / of which the hands were made of small diamonds. 剖析 13/24 例3 They will fly to Washington，_ they plan to stay for two or three days. A. where B. there C. which D. when 先行词Washington为地点，在定语从句中作状语。 剖析 14/24 例4 （08江苏）The Science Museum, _ we visited during a recent trip
12、 to Britain, is one of Londons tourist attractions. A. which B. what C. that D. where 定语从句的谓语动词visited缺宾语，所以应该用 关系代词，又此处为非限制性定语从句。 剖析 15/24 例 5 It was along the Mississippi River _ Mark Twain spent much of his childhood. A. how B. which C. that D. where 本题并非考查定语从句，而是强调句 型。 剖析 16/24 例6 Occasions are
13、quite rare _I have the time to spend a day with my kids. A. who B. which C. why D. when 本题考查隔离定语从句。先行词为occasions，为了 避免主语过长，将其定语从句放到了谓语动词之 后。而从句中不缺主干成分。 剖析 17/24 例7 The road conditions there turned out to be very good, _ was more than we could expect. A. it B. what C. which D. that 非限制性定语从句，关系代词所表示的意
14、义为前 一句话的内容。 剖析 18/24 例8 It was in New Zealand _ Elizabeth first met Mr. Smith. A. that B. how C. which D. when 本题并非考查定语从句，而是强调句型。 剖析 20/24 例9 The growing speed of a plant is influenced by a number of factors, _ are beyond our control. A. most of them B. most of which C. most of what D. most of that 非限制性定语从句，表示关系代词所表示的意义为先行 词的一部分，又介词后应用which。 剖析 21/24 例 1 0 Ill give you my friends home address, _ I can be reached most evenings. A. which B. when C. whom D. where 非限制性定语从句，注意从句使用的被动语态，不缺主干 成分，所以应用关系副词where。句意为：我给你我朋友 的地址，大多数傍晚你可以在他家里找到我。 剖析 22/24 谢 谢！
