1、句子成分 句子结构,1,2019/3/28,主语（subject） 谓语（predicate） 表语（predicative） 宾语（object） 定语（attribute） 状语(adverbial) 补语（complement）,句子包括哪些成分？,2,表示句子说的是什么人或什么事。是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首。但在there be结构、疑问句和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。 主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词和主语从句等表示。,主 语：,3,The girl is pretty.（名词） Reading is useful.（动名词） To see is
2、to believe.（不定式） They are good friends.（代词）,主 语：,2019/3/28,4,例如：,谓 语：,说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词在句中作谓语，一般放在主语之后。谓语的构成如下： 1、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。如：He practices running every morning. The plane took off at ten oclock.,2019/3/28,5,2、复合谓语： （1）由情态动词加动词原形构成。 如：You may keep the book for two weeks. （2）由助动词加动词原形,现在分
3、词,过去分词构成。 如： Do you speak English？ They are working in a field. He has caught a bad cold.,2019/3/28,6,表 语：,用以说明主语的性质、特征、状态与身份，它一般位于系动词（如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等）之后。 表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、数词、 副词、不定式、动名词、分词、介词短语及表语从句表示。例如：,2019/3/28,7,I am a teacher.（名词） Is it yours?（代词） The weather has turne
4、d cold.（形容词） Everybody is here.（副词） They are at home now.（介词短语） My job is to teach English.（不定式） Seeing is believing.（动名词）,2019/3/28,8,系动词： 用于连接主语和表语，说明主语的状态，性质特征和身份等。 系动词词义不完整，在句中不能单独使用（除省略句外），和表语一起构成合成谓语。,2019/3/28,9,一、系动词的分类： 1. 状态系动词用来表示主语状态，只有be一词，例如： He is a teacher. Youll be all right soon.,2
5、019/3/28,10,2. 变化系动词表示主语变成什么样，主要有become, grow, turn, fall, get, go等。 例如： He became a famous scientist. It is getting warmer and warmer. It grew dark. The food has turned bad.,2019/3/28,11,3. 持续系动词用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度，主要有keep, remain, sta等。 例如： He always kept silent at meeting. The weather continued fi
6、ne for a long time. It remains to be proved.,2019/3/28,12,4. 感官系动词主要有feel, smell, sound, taste, 例如： This kind of cloth feels very soft. 5. 表像系动词用来表示“看起来像”这一概念，主要有seem, appear, look, 例如： He seems (to be) very sad.,2019/3/28,13,宾 语,表示动作的对象或承爱者，一般位于及物动词和介词后面。由名词，代词，不定式，动名词，宾语从句充当。例如：,2019/3/28,14,She p
7、lays the piano.（名词） He often helps me.（代词） I like watching TV.（动名词） She likes to go to shop this afternoon. （不定式短语） I think that he is good guy.（宾语从句）,2019/3/28,15,下列动词只能接不定式做宾语 ask, agree, care, choose, decide, expect, fail, hope, learn, manage, offer, plan, prepare, promise, refuse, want, wish等。,2
8、019/3/28,16,下列动词只能接动名词做宾语 avoid, advise, consider, enjoy, finish, imagine, mind, practice, suggest等。,2019/3/28,17,下列动词既可接不定式，也可接动名词做宾语 mean, try, remember, forget, regret等。,2019/3/28,18,宾语补足语,用于补充说明宾语的动作，一般位于宾语之后，宾语与宾语补足语一起构成复合宾语，需接复合宾语的动词有：tell，let，help，teach， ask，see，have，order，make等。 宾语补足语可以由名词，形
9、容词，副词，介词短语，不定式，分词充当。,2019/3/28,19,His father named him Xiaoming.（名词） Leave the door open.（形容词） We found John out when we arrived.（副词） Make yourself at home.（介词短语） The boss keeps them working all day.（现在分词） I heard my name called.（过去分词）,2019/3/28,20,定 语,修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。形容词，代词，数词，名词，介词短语，不定式，动名词，分
10、词，从句都可以充当定语,1. Guilin is a beautiful city.（形容词） 2. China is a developing country and America is a developed country.（分词） 3. He is reading an article about how to learn English.（介词短语）,2019/3/28,21,定 语,4. Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom.（不定式短语） 5. Whats your name? （代词） 6. I have
11、 five books.（数词） 7. She is the girl who sings best in my class. (定语从句),2019/3/28,22,状 语,修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明动作或状态特征的句子成分，叫做状语。一般由副词，介词短语，不定式或从句来充当,1. He did it carefully.（副词） 2. Without his help, we couldnt work it out.（介词短语） 3. Once you begin, you must continue.（状语从句）,2019/3/28,23,9种状语种类如下：,1. How a
12、bout meeting at six ?（时间状语） 2. Last night she didnt go to the party because of the rain.（原因状语） 3. I will go there if it doesnt rain.（条 件状语） 4. Mr Smith lives on the third floor. （地点状语）,2019/3/28,24,5. She put the eggs into the basket with great care.（方式状语） 6.She came in with a book in her hand. （伴随状
13、语） 7. He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately.（结果状语） 8. In order to catch up with the others, I must work harder. （目的状语）,2019/3/28,25,9. She works very hard though she is old. （让步状语）,2019/3/28,26,2019/3/28,27,同位语：对前面的名词或代词做进一步的解释，通常由名词、数词、代词或从句担任，如：This is Mr. Zhou, our headmaster. 插入语：对一句话做
14、一些附加的解释，通常有to be honest , I think (suppose, believe)等，如：To be honest, I dont quite agree with you.,句子成分练习题( 一 ) (一) 指出下列句中主语的中心词 The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom. There is an old man coming here. The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year. To do todays h
15、omework without the teachers help is very difficult.,28,(二) 选出句中谓语的中心词 I dont like the picture on the wall. A. dont B. like C. picture D. wall The days get longer and longer when summer comes. A. get B. longer C. days D. summer Do you usually go to school by bus? A. Do B. usually C. go D. bus,29,(二)
16、 选出句中谓语的中心词 There will be a meeting at the library this afternoon. A. will be B. meeting C. the library D. afternoon Did the twins have porridge for their breakfast? A.Did B. twins C. have D. breakfast,30, We had better send for a doctor. A. We B. had C. send D. doctor He is interested in music. A.
17、is B. interested C. in D. music Whom did you give my book to? A. give B.did C. whom D. book,2019/3/28,31,(三) 挑出下列句中的宾语 My brother hasnt done his homework. People all over the world speak English. You must pay good attention to your pronunciation. How many new words did you learn last class? Some of
18、the students in the school want to go swimming, how about you?,32, The man sitting at the gate said he was ill. They made him monitor of the class. Go across the bridge and you will find the museum on the left. You will find it useful after you leave school. They didnt know who “Father Christmas“ re
19、ally is.,2019/3/28,33,(四) 挑出下列句中的表语 The old man was feeling very tired. Why is he worried about Jim? The leaves have turned yellow. Soon They all became interested in the subject. She was the first to learn about it.,2019/3/28,34,(五) 挑出下列句中的定语 They use Mr, Mrs with the family name. What is your name
20、? On the third lap are Class 1 and Class 3. I am afraid some people forgot to sweep the floor. The man downstairs was trying to sleep. I am waiting for the sound of the other shoe!,35,(六) 挑出下列句中的宾语补足语 He asked her to take the boy out of school. She found it difficult to do the work. They call me Lil
21、y sometimes. I saw Mr Wang get on the bus. Did you see Li Ming playing football on the playground just now?,2019/3/28,36,(七) 挑出下列句中的状语 There was a big smile on her face. Every night he heard the noise upstairs. He began to learn English when he was eleven. The man on the motorbike was travelling too fast.,2019/3/28,37, With the medicine box under her arm, Miss Li hurried off. She loves the library because she loves b
