1、句子种类,陈述句,疑问句 ?,祈使句,感叹句 !,句子种类,陈述句是用来说明一个事实或是陈述说话人的看法的句子, 分为肯定陈述句和否定陈述句。 陈述句的肯定形式 eg: Light travels faster than sound.,陈述句,陈述句的否定形式 谓语动词为助动词be,have或者情态动词等,否定形式是在助动词或情态动词后加not. eg: She is not back yet. Money could not buy happiness.,如果句子的谓语是行为动词,则在谓语动词前加do, does, did 构成否定式。 否定 疑问 无词汇意义 eg:Jack doesnt
2、like English.,用no, never, seldom, hardly, nobody等否定词也可以构成否定式。 eg:1.I have never met Jim. 2. Kent has a heavy Russian accent, and I can hardly understand his English.,疑问句,1. 一般疑问句 一般疑问句用来询问某件事情或某一情况是否属实,用yes, no或相当于yes, no的词语来回答。 eg:A: Are you Chinese? B: No, Im not. A: Do you have any questions? B:
3、Yes, I do. A: Have you read the book before? B: Yes, I have.,一般疑问句也可以用否定形式开头提出疑问,结构为“缩略否定形式+主语+其他”。 eg: Cant you see theres a queue? 用否定形式开头提问,或是期待肯定的回答,或是不打算对方回答。如果回答是肯定的要用Yes,译成“不”;否则用No,译成“是的”。 eg: A: Doesnt he want to come?难道他不想来吗? B: Yes, he does. 不,他想。 A: Arent you of the Han nationality? 你不是汉
4、族吗? B: No, I am not. 是的,我不是汉族。,2.特殊疑问句 用特殊疑问词(组)引导的的疑问句。回答时不能使用yes或no。疑问词包括疑问代词、疑问副词和疑问词组。 疑问语序 谓语+主语 陈述 主语+谓语 疑问代词:what, who, which, whose, whom. eg: What would you like to do ? Which class are you in ? Whom/Who is she waiting for? who 主语/宾语 She is waiting for you. whom 宾语 whose 定语, 疑问词组:how soon,
5、how long, how far, how often等。 eg: 1. How often do you have an English Party? 2. How far do you live from your school?, 疑问副词:when, where, why, how. eg: When will the meeting end?,3. 选择疑问句 提出两种或者两种以上的情况,要求对方选择一种情况回答。一般用or连接。 一般选择疑问句 eg: Did you stay at home or go away? Which do you prefer, horse ridi
6、ng or shooting? 回答的时候一般在供选择的答案中选出一个来回答,不用yes, no。,反意疑问句 反意疑问句是附在陈述句之后,对陈述句所说的事实或观点 提出疑问的句子。 1.基本形式:前肯后否,而且用缩略式;前否后肯,反意疑问部分主要用代词,并与前句主语一致,谓语动词在人称、数和时态也要一致。 eg:He goes to work on foot, doesnt he?,2. 反意疑问部分主语及谓语的确定 (注意) 当陈述部分的主语为this,that(单数)等时,附加部分的主语应用it。these,those(复数)用they。 eg:This is a green jeep,
7、 isnt it? 前肯后否 Those arent banana trees, are they? 前否 后肯 当陈述部分是I am的形式时,附加部分应用arent I 。 eg: I am right, arent I ? 前肯后否 arent,当陈述部分是“There be”结构时,反意疑问句用“be there”。 eg:There was an English film yesterday evening, wasnt there? 前肯后否 当陈述部分含有never, seldom, no, few, little, nothing, nobody, hardly, none, t
8、ooto等表示否定意义的词时,其反意疑问句部分应用肯定形式。 eg:He seldom goes to the cinema, does he ? 前否后肯 He has few friends, has/ does he? 他几乎没有朋友,是吗? 前否后肯,陈述部分含有表示否定意义的由前缀或者后缀构成的词,疑问部分一般用否定形式。 eg:She dislikes the idea, doesnt she? 前肯后否 Its unfair, isnt it? 前肯后否, 主语是不定代词的反意疑问句。 当陈述部分的主语为everything, nothing, anything, somethi
9、ng等指事物的不定代词时,疑问部分的主语用it,而不用they。 eg:Everything is in good order, isnt it? 当陈述部分的主语为everybody, everyone, anyone, nobody, none, no one等指认的不定代词,疑问部分的主语通常用they或he来代替。 eg:Somebody wants to see you, doesnt he/dont they?,当陈述部分动词为have/has时有下列几种情况。 have作实义动词,表示“有”,后面的谓语可以用 have,也可以用助动词do。 eg:Jim has a new ra
10、dio, doesnt/hasnt he? 前肯后否 have作实义动词,表示“吃喝玩乐度过”等意思,后面的谓语用助动词do。 eg:All of the children had a nice time, didnt they?,have to 表示“不得不,必须”,其后的谓语动词用do。 eg: Kate has to help his father on the farm, doesnt she? dont have to ? 否定 had better 表示最好,其后的谓语用had。 eg:Wed better stay at home today, hadnt we? have 用在
11、完成时中,其后谓语用have。 eg:She has ever been to Japan, hasnt she? I have ever been to Japan, havent I ? 前肯后否 I am right, arent I ? have/has+过去分词 had+过去分词, 当陈述部分含有need时,如果need作为行为动词,则附加问句的动词用助动词do,如果是情态动词时,则附加问句的动词应该是用need。,eg:1. You dont need to work so late, do you? 前否 后肯 2. You neednt make such loud noise
12、, need you? 情态 neednt 实意 dont need, 当陈述部分含有情态动词must时。 must表示“必须”之意,附加问句的谓语用neednt。 eg:You must go back right now, neednt you? must 必须 mustnt 禁止 Must I Yes, you must. No, you neednt. must 表示推测,“一定,想必”之意,附加问句的谓语动词应根据must后面的动词来确定。 eg:He must be in the classroom, isnt he? It must rain today, doesnt it ?
13、 前肯 后否 You must have finished your homework, havent you?,肯定的祈使句的附加疑问句可以用will you, 也可以用wont you; 否定的祈使句的附加疑问句用will you. eg: Come to school early next time, will you/wont you? Dont shout at your brother, will you? 省略 主 you + 动原 以Lets 开头的祈使句,附加句应用shall we;而已Let us开头的祈使句,附加句应该用will you。 eg:Lets go, shal
14、l we? 意见 建议 Let us go now, will you? 请求 所有祈使句 will you. 除 Lets 以外。shall we?,(12)陈述部分若为主从复合句,反义疑问部分的主语、谓语通常与主句保持一致。 复合句 eg:She said (that) she would come tomorrow, didnt she? 若主句的主语是第一人称I/we, 其谓语动词又是think, believe, suppose, imagine等时,则翻译疑问部分的主谓和谓语一般应与从句一致。 eg:I think (that) he can finish the work by
15、himself, cant he? We dont believe (that) she says no, does she? 宾语从句 否定转移 我们不相信 我们相信 不,祈使句 祈使句是用来表示请求、命名、要求、建议、劝告等的一种特殊句式。 1.肯定的祈使句:动词原形+其他成分 以系动词be开头的祈使句,常用结构:be+形容词/ 名词+其他成分。 主系be 表 eg:Be careful next time. 以实义动词开头的祈使句。 eg:Stand up, please. 有时候为了加强语气,在动词前面加do。 eg:Do come on time! Do look out!,如果是以
16、let开头的祈使句,通常的结构为:Let +宾语+动词原形+其他成分。 eg:Let him go with you. Let me examine you. Lets have our dinner. 在请求、命令和口号中,常用无助动词祈使句,使语句更加简洁有力。 eg:Just a minutes, please! To the playground, everyone of you!,2. 否定的祈使句 Dont +动词原形。 eg:Dont be late. Lets +not +动词原形。 eg:Lets not say anything about it. Dont let +第三
17、人称代词宾格形式+动词原形或 Let+ 第三人称代词宾格形式+not+动词原形。 eg:Dont let them play with fire. Let us not forget it. 一般都是在前面加Dont 除了lets 以外 在后加not.,在公开场合的提示语中,祈使句的否定句常用“No+名词/动名词”表示“禁止做某事”。 eg:No photos No smoking No parking,感叹句 用how或what引导,所修饰的词放在其后,其他部分用陈述句语序。句末使用感叹号。 1.what引导的感叹句 what作定语修饰名词,名词前可有其他修饰语。 What+ a/an +
18、形容词+可数名词的单数形式(+主语+ 谓语)! eg:What a new watch (it is )! What a clever boy (he is )! What an interesting story!,What+形容词+可数名词的复数形式(+主语+谓语)! eg:What beautiful flowers (they are)! What +形容词+不可数名词(+主语+谓语)! eg:What important news it is!,2. how引导的感叹句 how做状语修饰形容词、副词、或动词。 How+形容词+a/an+可数名词的单数形式(+主语+谓语)! eg:How heavy a box they are carrying! 这个箱子多重啊! What a heavy box it is! 多重的箱子啊! What+a/an +形容词+单数名词+(主谓)! How +形容词或副词(+主语+谓语)! eg:How tall the girl is ! How hard she works! How+主语+谓语! eg:How time flies! How she wishes to go abroad!,