1、高中英语动词时态与语态高中英语动词时态与语态 Period 1 Tense 1. Master the structure of each tense 2. The usage of each tense 时态是干什么的?在句子中长啥样?在句子时态是干什么的?在句子中长啥样?在句子 中做什么成分?中做什么成分? 时态时态谓语谓语 简 单 句 简 单 句 用动词短语用动词短语clean ones room造句。造句。 1小明每天打扫自己的房间。小明每天打扫自己的房间。 2小明昨天打扫了他的房间。小明昨天打扫了他的房间。 3小明正在打扫他的房间。小明正在打扫他的房间。 4小明昨天这个时候在打扫他房
2、间。小明昨天这个时候在打扫他房间。 5小明明天要打扫他的房间小明明天要打扫他的房间 6小明说他一会要打扫他的房间。小明说他一会要打扫他的房间。 7小明已经打扫完了他的房间。小明已经打扫完了他的房间。 8小明在今天下午之前就打扫好了他的房间。小明在今天下午之前就打扫好了他的房间。 1小明每天打扫自己的房间。小明每天打扫自己的房间。 Xiaoming cleans his room every day. Point 1 一般现在时的构成一般现在时的构成: be, do/ does 一般现在时通常以动词原形表示一般现在时通常以动词原形表示,当主语是第三人称单数时当主语是第三人称单数时,谓语谓语 一般
3、由动词原形后加一般由动词原形后加-s或或-es构成构成。其变化规则如下:其变化规则如下: The Simple Present tense 一般现在时的用法一般现在时的用法 (1)表示经常性、习惯性的动作或存在的状态,常与频度副词及表)表示经常性、习惯性的动作或存在的状态,常与频度副词及表 示现在的时间状语连用。例如:示现在的时间状语连用。例如: always 总是总是 often 经常经常 usually 通常通常 sometimes 有时有时 never 从不从不 frequently经常经常 on Sundays在星期天在星期天 every day/week/month/year每天每天
4、/每周每周/每月每月/每年每年 once/twice a week 每周一每周一/两次两次 monthly每月每月 every+基数词基数词+可数名词复数可数名词复数 每隔每隔 yearly 每年每年 Point 2 He studies hard every day. I get along well with my classmates. sometimes I miss my families. The Simple Present tense (2)表示主语目前的性格、特征、状态或能力等。表示主语目前的性格、特征、状态或能力等。 He is a man of few words. 他是
5、一个少言寡语的人。他是一个少言寡语的人。 Planning so far ahead makes no senseso many things will have changed by next year.这么早作计划没有什么意义这么早作计划没有什么意义到明年很多事到明年很多事 情会发生变化情会发生变化。 She knows French and German besides English. 除了英语除了英语,她还会法语和德语她还会法语和德语。 The Simple Present tense (3)表示客观事实、普遍真理及自然现象,或用在格言中。表示客观事实、普遍真理及自然现象,或用在格言
6、中。 “Life is like walking in the snow,” Granny used to say, “because every step shows.”奶奶过去经常说:奶奶过去经常说:“人生就像在雪中行走人生就像在雪中行走,因为因为 每一步都留有足迹每一步都留有足迹。” The earth goes round the sun. 地球绕着太阳转。地球绕着太阳转。 Failure is the mother of success.失败是成功之母。失败是成功之母。 【特别注意特别注意】表示客观事实、普遍真表示客观事实、普遍真 理、格言等的句子充当宾语从句时,理、格言等的句子充当
7、宾语从句时, 不受主句时态的限制,即使主句用过不受主句时态的限制,即使主句用过 去的时态,从句仍然用一般现在时。去的时态,从句仍然用一般现在时。 The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun. 老师说地球绕着太阳转老师说地球绕着太阳转。 The Simple Present tense (4)表示按规定表示按规定、计划计划、安排安排、时间表等马上要发生的事情时间表等马上要发生的事情,常与具体常与具体 的时间状语连用的时间状语连用。该用法常用于火车时刻表该用法常用于火车时刻表、飞机航班时刻表飞机航班时刻表,以以 及电影开演及电影开演、作息作
8、息、安排等时刻表上安排等时刻表上,且仅限于少数表示短暂意义且仅限于少数表示短暂意义 的动词的动词,例如:例如: come来来 go去去 arrive到达到达 leave离开离开 begin开始开始 start开始开始 take off起飞起飞 finish 完成完成 stop 停止停止 The train leaves at 4:30 p.m. 火车在下午火车在下午4:304:30出发。出发。 The plane takes off at 5 oclock. 飞机在飞机在5 5点钟起飞。点钟起飞。 The Simple Present tense His name _ Jack. He _ t
9、wenty years old. He _ Chinese.He_ (live) in Beijing. He _(love) English. He _(read) English every day. His favorite sports _(be) tennis and swimming. He _(play) tennis all the time. His father _(be) a doctor and his mother_ a teacher. He _(be) interested in English. His parents _(want) him to be an
10、English teacher when he _(graduate). is is is lives loves reads are plays is is want graduates is Point 1 一般过去时由动词的过去式表示一般过去时由动词的过去式表示,规则动词的过去式一般由动词原规则动词的过去式一般由动词原 形加形加-ed构成构成,其变化规则如下:其变化规则如下: 一般过去时的构成一般过去时的构成: did 不规则动不规则动 词的过去词的过去 式及过去式及过去 分词变化分词变化 详见附录详见附录 哦哦! 2小明昨天打扫了他的房间。小明昨天打扫了他的房间。 Xiaoming c
11、leaned his classroom yesterday. The past tense Point 2 (1)表示过去某一时间发生的动作或存在的状态表示过去某一时间发生的动作或存在的状态,其中包括过去的习惯其中包括过去的习惯 性动作性动作,常与表示过去的时间状语连用常与表示过去的时间状语连用。例如:例如: 一般过去时的用法一般过去时的用法 The past tense I stayed up last night, for I had a lot of homework to do. Where did you go just now? How did you spend your ch
12、ildhood? I _ (spend) my childhood happily with my old friends. We always _(play) football and basketball together and we _ (not) have so much homework to do as now. We _ (be) happy at that time. spent played didnt were Point 1 一般将来时的结构:一般将来时的结构:will/shall+动词原形动词原形 (1)表示不含主观因素表示不含主观因素,单纯的将来单纯的将来,常与表示
13、将来的时间状语连用常与表示将来的时间状语连用。 shall一般用于第一人称一般用于第一人称,will可用于各种人称可用于各种人称。常与表示将来的时间常与表示将来的时间 状语连用状语连用,例如:例如: 小明明天要打扫他的房间 Xiao ming will clean his room tomorrow. The future tense (2) be going to do表示按计划、打算要做某事;还可表示“预见”,表示按计划、打算要做某事;还可表示“预见”, 即根据某种迹象预示着要发生某事。即根据某种迹象预示着要发生某事。 I feel I am going to make progress
14、with her help. 我觉得在她的帮助下我会进步的我觉得在她的帮助下我会进步的。 Whether in the home or the workplace, social robots are going to become a lot more common in the next few years.无论是在家里还是在无论是在家里还是在 工作场所工作场所,在未来的几年里社交机器人将会变得越来越普遍在未来的几年里社交机器人将会变得越来越普遍。 天津天津20152015 Look at the clouds. It is going to rain. 看那些乌云看那些乌云。天要下雨了天
15、要下雨了。 The future tense Point 2 (3) be to do 表示按计划、约定或按职责、义务必须做的事或即将发表示按计划、约定或按职责、义务必须做的事或即将发 生的动作。生的动作。 The highway is to be opened in May. 这条高速公路将在这条高速公路将在5 5月份开放。月份开放。 You are to hand in your papers by 10 oclock. 1010点前你们得交上论文。点前你们得交上论文。 (4) be about to do 表示立即要发生的动作,意为“就要”,不可能表示立即要发生的动作,意为“就要”,不可
16、能 与具体的时间状语连用。与具体的时间状语连用。 Work is about to start on a new factory building. 新厂房即将动工。新厂房即将动工。 The future tense Point 3 Point 4 1, I usually _ up at 6:00, but yesterday I _ up at 7:00 and tomorrow I _ up at 6:30. (get) 2, How often _ Andy _ (surf) the internet? 3, My brother often _ (go) for walks last
17、 summer. 4, _ the story _ (happen) in London in 1949? 5, _ your mother _ the piano every Sunday? 6, They _ (not) call you the day after tomorrow. Exercises1 get got will get does surf goes Did happen Does play will not Jenny _ (be) a foreign girl. She _ (come) from the United States. She often _ (dr
18、aw) pictures in the living room. Two years ago, her parents _ (move) to China. Jenny _ (not have) any friends, so she _ (feel) lonely. But now, she _ (have) many Chinese friends and _ (study) with them everyday. Jenny _ (visit) her grandparents in the United States next month. Exercises2 is comes dr
19、aws moved didnt have felt has studies will visit sing the song “Dream is possible” for us I will run, I will climb, I will soar Im undefeated Jumping out of my skin, pull the chord Yeah I believe it The past, is everything we were dont make us who we are So Ill dream, until I make it real, and all I
20、 see is stars Its not until you fall that you fly When your dreams come alive youre unstoppable Take a shot, chase the sun, find the beautiful We will glow in the dark turning dust to gold And well dream it possible Possible And well dream it possible I will chase, I will reach, I will fly Until Im breaking, until Im breaking