1、高考英语试题熟词生义1.Institution 常指大型组织或机构，如金融、教育、研究机构等。【例】The World Bank is an international financial institution.世界银行是一个国际金融机构。【熟词生义】institution n 有名的人物Jim Johnson, a mail carrier, was an institution in the leafy Westmoreland, Westhaven and Westover Hills neighborhoods, just north of downtown Wilmington,
2、where he delivered much more than the mail. （2025八省联考阅读理解B篇）2.check常指“查看；核实”：查明信息真实性或获取信息。【例】Ill check the train schedule.我要查看火车时刻表。【熟词生义】check n 支票 (= cheque)In many communities, that trust is won every day when life-saving medicine, greeting cards, social security checks, college acceptance letter
3、s even the bills appear in mailboxes in front of the houses. （2025八省联考阅读理解B篇）3.approach方法；方式：常与介词to搭配，表示“的方法”。【例】This is a new approach to language teaching.这是一种新的语言教学方法。【熟词生义】approach v 临近After more than three decades, Jim approached his final days on the job much like any other. （2025八省联考阅读理解B篇）4.
4、argue 争吵；争论：常指因意见不合而激烈地争吵，后接with sb. about/over sth. 表示“与某人就某事争吵” 。【例】They argued with each other about the best place for a holiday.他们彼此争论关于度假的最佳地点。【熟词生义】argue v 论证，主张Jacobs argues that urban communities are best placed to understand how their city functions, because city life is created and sustai
5、ned through their various interactions. （2025八省联考阅读理解C篇）5.function 功能；作用：指事物或人的职责、用途。【例】The function of the heart is to pump blood.（心脏的功能是泵血。）【熟词生义】function v 运转，运行Jacobs argues that urban communities are best placed to understand how their city functions, because city life is created and sustained
6、through their various interactions. （2025八省联考阅读理解C篇）6.note 笔记；记录：用于记录信息，常以复数形式“notes”出现。【例】I took notes during the lecture.（我在讲座中做了笔记。）【熟词生义】note v 指出Jacobs notes that the built form of a city is crucial to the life of an urban community, especially the sidewalks. （2025八省联考阅读理解C篇）7.challenge 挑战；艰巨任务
7、：指需要付出巨大努力才能完成的事情。【例】Climbing this high mountain is a real challenge.（攀登这座高山是一项真正的挑战。）【熟词生义】challenge v 考验的能力Participants 72 healthy male and female adults were first asked to perform a computer test that challenged their visual and spatial learning. （2025八省联考阅读理解D篇）8.subject 主题；题目：指讨论、写作、研究等的核心内容。【
8、例】The subject of the meeting is very important.（会议的主题非常重要。）【熟词生义】subject adj.可能受影响的，受支配于For Jacobs, urban communities are organic beings that should be left to grow and change by themselves and not be subject to the grand plans of so-called experts and officials. The best judges of how a city should
9、 be - and how it should develop - are the local residents themselves.（2025八省联考阅读理解C）【熟词生义】subject n 接受试验者After the test, all of the subjects watched nature documentaries, but two-thirds of them also exercised. （2025八省联考阅读理解D9.tax 税；税款：政府对个人、企业等征收的款项。【例】Income tax rates vary from country to country.（
10、所得税税率因国家而异。）常见短语有“sales tax”（销售税） 、“property tax”（财产税）。【熟词生义】tax v 使负重担，使伤脑筋Their brainwaves also showed more consistent levels of activity, indicating that their brains were less taxed to remember what they had learned. （2025八省联考阅读理解D篇）10.set 放置；安放：【例】She set the book on the table.（她把书放在桌子上。）【熟词生义】
11、set v（太阳）落下I was sitting on the grass nearby waiting for the sun to set. （2025八省联考完形填空）11.about 【熟义】关于，对于【生义】prep. & adv. 到处，各处【例句】We spent the whole afternoon walking about town.12.absent【熟义】缺勤的，缺席的【生义】adj. 心不在焉的，出神的【例句】He looked at me in an absent way.13.abuse【熟义】虐待【生义】v. 滥用【例句】What she did was an
12、 abuse of her position as manager. 214.accept 【熟义】接受【生义】v. 同意，赞成；相信，认为正确【例句】I accept that the aircraft has no choice but to crash into the sea. 415.ache【熟义】v./n. 痛【生义】v. 渴望【例句】He was aching for home. 16.afford【熟义】v. 买得起；支付得起【生义】v. 抽得出（时间）【例句】She couldnt afford the time off work to see him. 317.again
13、st 【熟义】prep. 反对【生义】prep. 以为背景【例句】Are you for or against my proposal？ 18.hit【熟义】v. 打，击【生义】n. 红极一时的人或事The film Hero is quite a hit of this year.电影英雄是今年的热门电影。19.high【熟义】高的【生义】adj全盛的a high wind强风high summer盛夏 【生义】开始变质的，开始发馊的The meat has a high flavour这些肉有臭味了。20.hot【熟义】adj. 炎热的【生义】adj. 最新的Were waiting fo
14、r the hot news on the election results.我们正在等待有关选举结果的最新消息。21. announce【熟义】v. 宣布，公布【生义】vt. 显示，预示Warm sunshine announces the coming of spring.温暖的阳光预示着春天的到来。22. appreciate【熟义】v. 欣赏，鉴赏【生义】v.意识到=realizeI appreciate that I may be wrong.我意识到我可能错了。23. arrival【熟义】n. 到达，到来【生义】n. 到达者，加入者All stood up to welcome
15、the new arrival.所有人起立欢迎新人。24. at all【熟义】（否定句）根本；究竟【生义】真的，确实If it is at all foggy，I shall not go out如果真的有雾，我就不出去了。25. arm【熟义】n手臂，上肢【生义】n武器 v武装Lay down your arms or well fire！放下武器，否则我们会开枪的！26. attend【熟义】v出席，参加【生义】v照料If you go out，wholl attend to the baby？如果你走了，谁来照看婴儿？27. arrange【熟义】v. 安排，筹备【生义】v. 商量Iv
16、e arranged with the neighbours about filling the managers job.我已与邻居们商量好补上经理的职位。28. arrest【熟义】vt. 逮捕【生义】vt. 阻止，抑制The new medicine arrested the spread of the disease.这种新药阻止了疾病的传播。29. assume【熟义】vt. 假定，假设【生义】vt. 承担，就职He will assume the directorship of the project.他将担任该项目的主管。30. absolute【熟义】adj. 完全的，绝对的【
17、生义】adj. 十足的The police have absolute proof that he was the murderer.警方有足够的证据证明他是凶手。31. accompany【熟义】vt. 陪伴，陪同【生义】v. 为伴奏（或伴唱）If she sang, he would accompany her on the piano.如果她歌唱，他会为她钢琴伴奏。32. account for【熟义】对负有责任【生义】导致His illness accounts for his absence.他因病缺席。33.act【熟义】vi行动【生义】vi. 起作用It takes a coup
18、le of minutes for the drug to act只需几分钟，药物就起作用了。34. acknowledge【熟义】vt. 承认道谢【生义】vt. 对打招呼He acknowledged me by lifting his hat.他举起帽子向我致意。【生义】（公开）感谢I would like to acknowledge my debt to my teachers.我想向我的老师表达我的感激之情。35. iron【熟义】铁【生义】n. v. 熨斗；用熨斗烫Mother is ironing my shirt with an electric iron妈妈在用电熨斗给我熨衬
19、衣。36. advance【熟义】v./n.前进【生义】n. 预付（款）she asked me for an advance on her salary.她要求我预付她的工资。【生义】n. （价格、价值的）上涨Share prices showed significant advances today.今天股价大幅上涨。37.add【熟义】（使）相加，加【生义】vt补充说，继续说“They dont know”he added“他们不知道。”他补充道。38.address【熟义】n地址 v. 写地址【生义】v. 称呼The president should be addressed as “
20、Mr President总统应称为“总统先生”。【生义】v. 直接向说She turned to address the man on her left她转身过去，向她左边的那人讲话。【生义】vt. 向.发表演说He is going to address the meeting in aminute他一会儿就要在大会上讲话了。39.admit【熟义】vt承认【生义】v. 允许进入The servant opened the door and admitted me (into the house).仆人打开门，让我进去。【生义】v. 容纳The theatre only admits 100
21、0 persons.这家剧院只容纳1000人。40. against【熟义】prep. 反对【生义】prep以为背景The picture looks good against the white wall这幅画靠着白墙看起来不错。41. age【熟义】n. 年龄，年纪【生义】v. （使）显老，（使）苍老Worry aged him rapidly.忧虑使他迅速衰老。42. agree with【熟义】同意，和意见一致【生义】协调，适合Long plane trips dont agree with me长途飞机旅行不适合我。43.air【熟义】n大气，空气【生义】v. 使公开，宣扬Dont
22、air your troubles too often不要经常发牢骚。【生义】n. 神态，氛围There was a comfortable air about her room.她的房间里有一种舒适的 氛围。44.alive【熟义】adj. 活着的【生义】adj. 充满（活的或动的东西）The street are alive with people.街上挤满了人。45. alone【熟义】adj. 单独的adv. 单独地【生义】adv. 仅仅，只有She alone was able to answer the question.只有她才能回答这个问题。46. amount【熟义】n. 数
23、量，量【生义】v. 达到，总计The cost amounted to $ 2000.费用共计2000美元。【生义】等于，意味着What you have said amounts to a refusal.你所说的等于拒绝。47. behaviour【熟义】n. 举止，行为【生义】n. 性能，特点The behaviour of this computer is moderately good.这台计算机的性能还算不错。48. blank【熟义】adj. 空白的 n. 空白【生义】adj. 茫然的，毫无表情的The stranger returned my greeting with a b
24、lank look.陌生人以茫然的眼神回敬了我的问候。【生义】n. （头脑或记忆）一片空白I cant think where Ive left my umbrella, my minds a complete blank.我想不起来我把伞放在哪里了，我的脑子一片空白。49. blue【熟义】adj. 蓝色的 n. 蓝色【生义】adj. 忧郁的，沮丧的His songs always make me feel blue.他的歌总是让我感到忧郁。50. beside【熟义】prep. 在.旁边【生义】prep. 与相比Beside your earlier work , this piece s
25、eems rather disappointing.与你以前的作品相比，这篇文章似乎相当令人失望。51. build【熟义】v. 建造，修建【生义】n. 体形，体格The athlete has a solid build.这位运动员体格健壮。52. bare【熟义】adj. 赤裸的【生义】vt. 使暴露，使露出He likes to bare his heart with his close friends.他喜欢和他的密友们吐露心声。53. bear【熟义】vt. 承受，容忍【生义】v. 显示，携带He was badly wounded in the war and still bear
26、s the scars.他在战争中受了重伤，至今仍留有伤疤。54. bitter【熟义】adj. 味苦的；痛苦的【生义】adj. 激烈的，充满敌意的Why was she so bitter against Mr. Smith?她为什么对史密斯先生那么刻薄？55. blanket【熟义】n. 毯子【生义】vt. 覆盖，盖住，笼罩；消除（声音），使（声音）模糊不清The whole village was blanketed with heavy snow.全村被大雪覆盖。56. break down【熟义】发生故障【生义】（计划）失败，坚持不下去All our plans broke down
27、我们所有的计划都失败了。57. bring【熟义】v拿来，带来【生义】v导致，引起The cries brought the neighbours running呼喊声把邻居们吵醒了。58. build up【熟义】增进；加强【生义】 增高，加强The noise is building up until she could not stand it.噪音越来越大，直到她受不了为止。59. burst【熟义】v. 爆炸，爆裂【生义】v. 突发，迸发The storm burst and we all got wet.暴风雨突然而至，我们都淋湿了。60. bond【熟义】n. 纽带，联系【生义】
28、adj.受约束I dont like being desk-bound all day.我不喜欢整天坐在书桌旁。【生义】v. （使）建立亲密关系Mothers who are depressed sometimes fail to bond with their children.患有抑郁症的母亲有时无法与孩子建立联系。61.burning【熟义】adj. 燃烧的；炙热的【生义】adj.（感情等）强烈的，热切的She is burning to tell you the news.她急于告诉你这个消息。62.can【熟义】（表示有能力做或能够发生）能，会【生义】n罐头 vt做成罐头Mother
29、 cans fruit母亲把水果做成罐头。63. capital【熟义】n. 首都，首府；资本【生义】adj. 极严重的；根本的Our capital task at the moment is to persuade her to calm down.我们目前的首要任务是说服她冷静下来。64. cause【熟义】n起因，v引起【生义】n（奋斗的）目标，事业The UN has done a lot for the cause of world peace联合国为世界和平事业做了许多贡献。65. celebrate【熟义】vt.庆祝，庆贺【生义】vt. 赞扬，赞美He celebrated h
30、er for her courage.他赞美她的勇气。66. chance【熟义】n机会，时机【生义】n可能性There is a chance that I will see him我有可能见到他。【生义】v碰巧We chanced to be out when she called她打电话来时，我们碰巧出去了。67. check【熟义】vt. 检查，核对【生义】vt. 阻止，制止We should check the spread of the disease.我们应该阻止疾病的传播。68. choice【熟义】n. 选择，抉择【生义】adj. 斟酌得当的Some of his remar
31、ks are really choice.他的一些言论真的经过精心斟酌。69. civil【熟义】adj. 公民的，国民的，国内的【生义】adj. 文明的，有礼貌的He is a civil person.他是个彬彬有礼的人。70. class【熟义】n. 班级【生义】n. 阶级，阶层It is no doubt that the professional classes do a much better job than those who are not.毫无疑问，专业阶层的人比非专业阶层的人做得好得多。71. climate【熟义】n. 气候【生义】n. 氛围，局势The cultura
32、l climate here is somehow a little upsetting.这里的文化氛围有点令人不安。72. cloudy【熟义】adj. 多云的，阴天的【生义】adj.含糊的，困惑的Who did it still remains cloudy.究竟是谁干的，目前仍不明朗。73. coach【熟义】n. 教练【生义】v. （尤指私人）辅导，指导She coached me in English.她教我英语。74. command【熟义】v. 命令；指挥【生义】v.博得，赢得His bravery commanded our respect.他的勇敢赢得了我们的尊敬。75. c
33、ontain【熟义】v. 包含，容纳【生义】v. 制服The man was later contained by the police.这名男子后来被警方拘捕。【生义】vt. 遏制；抑制He is too excited to contain his laughter.他太激动了，忍不住笑了起来。76. count【熟义】n./v.计算，数【生义】vt. 把算入，包括There are 10 people in the classroom counting two teachers.教室里有10个人，加上两位老师。【生义】vt. 重要，有价值It is not how much you re
34、ad but what you read that counts.重要的不是你读了多少，而是你读了什么。【生义】vt. 看作，认为She was counted among the greatest dancers.她被认为是最伟大的舞蹈家之一。77. couple【熟义】n. 两个，几个；一对夫妇或情侣【生义】v. 连接，联合The dining car was coupled onto the last coach.餐车与最后一节车相连。78. come back【熟义】回来【生义】重新流行Do you think long dresses will ever come back？你认为长
35、裙子还会再流行吗？【生义】顶嘴He came back at her with a nasty remark他以恶毒的语言回击她。【生义】记起Its suddenly to come back where I saw you last突然，我想起上次在什么地方见过你。79. alike【熟义】adj/adv. 想象的；相似地【生义】adv. 两者都，同样地Teachers should care for all the pupils alike.老师应该对所有的学生一视同仁。80. allergic【熟义】adj. 对过敏的【生义】adj. 对极其反感的I am allergic to tho
36、se who could not give help.我极其反感那些帮不上忙的人。81. allow【熟义】v. 允许，准许【生义】v. 使有可能This diet allows you one glass of wine a day.这样饮食可以让你每天喝一杯葡萄酒。82. ample【熟义】adj. 充足的，充裕的【生义】adj. 宽敞的，巨大的There is ample car parking off site.外面有个很大的停车场。83. aspect【熟义】n. 方面，特色【生义】n. 外表，外观a man with an impressive aspect容貌出众的人84. av
37、ailable【熟义】adj. 可用的，可获得的【生义】adj. 有空的，有闲暇的The worthy professor is now available.这位可敬的教授现在有空了。85. advise【熟义】vt. 劝告，建议【生义】vt. 通知，告知Please advise us of the arrival of the goods.货物到达请通知我们。86.balance【熟义】n./v. 平衡【生义】n. 账户余额，结存I must check my bank balance.我必须检查我的银行余额。【生义】v. 权衡，斟酌The school aims to balance t
38、he amount of time spent on arts and science subjects.该校力图平衡文科和理科的学习时间。87back【熟义】n. 背部，腰背【生义】vt（经济、物质或道德上）支持；增援（以增强）Many of his friends backed his plan许多朋友支持他的计划。88. badly【熟义】adv差，拙劣地【生义】adv. 迫切地The boy badly wants a new bike这个男孩迫切地想要一辆新自行车。89. bar【熟义】酒吧【生义】n. 障碍Poor health may be a bar to success in
39、 life.健康不佳可能是人生成功的障碍。90. become【熟义】v. 变得，变成【生义】vt. 适合，使显得漂亮Her new hat certainly becomes her.她的新帽子很适合她。91. before【熟义】conj&prep. 在以前【生义】到为止It was a long time before I got to sleep again过了很久我才再睡着。92. cover【熟义】v覆盖，遮盖【生义】v. 够付（费用）Here is 5；that should cover all your expenses给你5英镑。应该可以支付你所有的费用。93. course
40、【熟义】n. 课程；过程【生义】n.一道菜The main course was a vegetable stew.这道主菜是蔬菜炖肉。94. cross【熟义】v. 穿越，横渡 n. 十字标记【生义】adj. 恼怒的Dont be cross with him-after all, he meant to help.别生他的气，毕竟他是想帮忙的。95. cut【熟义】vt.（尤指用刀）切，割，砍，剪，削，剁【生义】vt. （从感情上）伤害His rude remarks cut me.他粗鲁的言语刺痛了我。96. capital【熟义】n. 首都，首府；资本【生义】adj. 极严重的；根本的
41、Our capital task at the moment is to persuade her to calm down.我们目前的首要任务是说服她冷静下来。97do【熟义】做，干，办（某事）【生义】vi适合The shoes wont do for mountain-climbing这双鞋不适合爬山。【生义】v. 创造Practice and determination will do wonders.实践和决心会创造奇迹。【生义】vi. 进展Everything is doing well一切都很好。98. down【熟义】adv. 在下方，在低处【生义】adv. 作为首付款I pai
42、d $1000 down on the car.我为这辆车付了1000美元的定金。99.draw【熟义】画，绘画【生义】v吸引，引起（兴趣、注意）The football match between the Korean team and the American team was so wonderful that it drew a lot of people，though in the end they drew the match韩国队和美国队之间的足球比赛非常精彩，吸引了很多人，尽管最后他们还是平局了。【生义】v. 获得，推断出What moral are we to draw fr
43、om the story.我们从这个故事中可以得出什么样的教训。100.damage【熟义】v./n.（有形的）损坏，损失【生义】n. 损害赔偿金He claimed $ 7000 damages from the taxi company.他要求出租车公司赔偿7000美元。101.dash【熟义】v. 猛冲，急奔【生义】vt. 急送Being badly ill, he was dashed to hospital.他病得很重，被紧急送往医院。【生义】vt. 催促His mother dashed him into going to school every day .他母亲每天催促他去上学
44、。102.dawn【熟义】v. 破晓，开始 n. 拂晓，黎明【生义】vt. 变得明朗，开始清楚The truth began to dawn on him.他开始了解真相。103.desert【熟义】n. 沙漠，荒漠【生义】v. 抛弃，离弃He deserted his wife and children and went abroad.他抛妻弃子出国了。【生义】adj. 无人居住的，荒凉的We sheltered from the storm in a deserted hut.我们在一间无人居住的茅屋里躲暴风雨。104. develop【熟义】v. （使）成长，发育，发展【生义】v. 冲洗
45、，使底片显影Did you have the film developed?你把胶卷冲洗了吗？【生义】v. 患病He developed a cough他咳嗽起来了。【生义】v.逐渐形成，逐渐养成develop a habit 逐渐形成习惯105. difficult【熟义】adj 困难的，费力的【生义】adj. 难以取悦的，不友好的You must get the permission of your difficult mother before getting married.在结婚之前，你必须得到你那难缠的母亲的许可。106.deal with【熟义】处理【生义】与做生意Do you deal with Smith, the butcher？你和屠夫史密斯做生意吗？107.dismiss【熟义】v. 解雇，开除【生义】vt. 不考虑，不理会He just laughed and dismissed my suggestion as unrealistic.
