1、第 1 讲 名词和数词 前沿最新动态 题型 高考典题试做 命题角度解读 语法填 空 1(2020 浙江卷)Later, they learned to work with the seasons (season), planting at the right time and, in dry areas, making use of annual floods to irrigate (灌溉) their fields. 2(2020 1 月 浙江卷)For Japan，the numbers (number) are more striking22 in 1950, 46 today and
2、 53 in 2050 3(2018 全国卷)Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 that showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all causes (cause) 4(2017 全国卷)She has turned down several invitations(invitation) to star at show
3、s in order to concentrate on her studies. 1给出名词的单数形 式，考查其复数形式； 2给出数词的基数词， 考查其序数词。 短文改 错 1(2020 全国卷)Next I broke the eggs into a bowl and beat them quickly with chopstick. chopstickchopsticks 2(2020 全国卷)Luckily, I will go home in two weeks for summer vacations. vacations vacation 3(2018 全国卷)When I wa
4、s little, Fridays night was our family game night. Fridays Friday 4(2017 全国卷)In the summer holiday 1可数名词单复数的 错用； 2可数名词与不可数 名词的误用； 3名词与名词所有格 的误用； 4序数词和基数词的 误用。 following my eighteen birthday, I took driving lessons.eighteeneighteenth 考点一 名词的数 题组试做 .单句语法填空 1(2020绵阳联考)The paper was used for sealing up
5、holes in walls and roofs(roof) in the cold and freezing winter. 2The pianos(piano) in the other shop will be cheaper，but they are not as good. 3Many farmers opposed the plan because they feared that wolves (wolf) would kill their farm animals or pets. 4I spent ten minutes walking up and down the hig
6、h street, desperately avoiding eye contact with passers- by (passer- by) 5An ant has two stomachs (stomach). One holds the food for itself and the other is for food to be given to other ants. .单句改错 6(2020 太原阶段测评)It is one of the official language of the United Nations to develop more effective commu
7、nication.languagelanguages 7(2020 合肥第一次质量检测)My favourite sport is swimming, so I decided to go swimming in the sea one afternoon with my friend, Wang Fei and Li Lei.friend friends 要点解读 一、名词单数变复数的规则变化 变化规则 例词 一般情况加s mapmaps；girlgirls； househouses；mouthmouths 以- th 结尾的词，加- s monthmonths；truthtruths 以-
8、 s，x，sh，ch 结尾 的，加- es classclasses；boxboxes； brushbrushes；matchmatches 但是 stomach(胃)的复数是 stomachs； ox(公牛)的复数是 oxen “辅音字母y” 结尾的，变 y 为 i 加- es citycities；countrycountries； partyparties；factoryfactories 注意：以元音字母y 结尾的则直接 加- s，如 boyboys；toytoys 以“辅音字母 o”结尾的词 一般加- es tomatotomatoes；potatopotatoes； heroher
9、oes；NegroNegroes； mangomangoes 注意：1少数名词加- s 或- es 均可， 如 volcanovolcano(e)s； mosquitomosquito(e)s 2少数名词只加 s，如 pianopianos； photophotos 以“元音字母o”结尾 的词，加- s radioradios；zoozoos； bamboobamboos 以- f，fe 结尾 的词，通常 变 f 或 fe 为 v，再加- es halfhalves；leafleaves； shelfshelves；thiefthieves； wolfwolves；wifewives； lif
10、elives；knifeknives 但是也有的直接加- s，如 roofroofs； chiefchiefs 还有两种复数形式 的，如 handkerchiefhandkerchiefs/ handkerchieves 合成名词变复 数时，通常只将 里面所含的主体 名词变成复数， 如果没有主体名 son- in- lawsons- in- law passerbypassersby story- tellerstory- tellers gobetweengobetweens grownupgrownups 词，则将最后一 部分变成复数 二、名词单数变复数的不规则变化 变化情况 例词 特殊变
11、化 childchildren；footfeet； toothteeth；mousemice； manmen；womanwomen 注意：由 man 或 woman 构成的合成 词，其复数形式也是- men 和- women， 如 an Englishmantwo Englishmen； 但 German 不是合成词，故复数形式 为 Germans 有些名词的单 复数有不同的 拼写方法 细菌 bacterium(单数)bacteria(复数)； 资料、数据 datum(单数)data(复数)； 现象 phenomenon(单数) phenomena(复数) 考点二 名词的所有格 题组试做 .单
12、句语法填空 1(2020 江西五校第一次联考)In addition, the hostess(hostess) cooking will guarantee you a wonderful chance of tasting delicious Chinese food. 2The article concludes that parents (parents) education affects their childrens future. 3“Todays (today) story is about the success of a poor child， ” the teacher
13、 said. 4Wed better stay in a hotel that is just a stones (stone) throw from the railway station for the sake of convenience. 5Studies show that a childs (child) character is greatly influenced by his/her home environment. .单句改错 6(2020 福州质量检测)But with my teammates encouragement, I was able to communi
14、cate smoothly with them. teammatesteammates 7My father new book, which is to be published next week, is sure to be another hit. fatherfathers 8I deleted an afternoon work on the computer by mistake, which made me annoyed. afternoonafternoons 要点解读 名词的所有格 1有生命的名词，其所有格一般在名词后加- s。 his fathers boss 他爸爸的老
15、板 2表示时间、城市、地域、团体、机构等无生命的事物后也可加- s，表示其 所有格。 todays paper 今天的报纸 Englands shore 英国的海岸 the cars design 这辆车的设计 3在某些习惯用语中，也需要加- s 所有格。 a stones throw 近在咫尺 keep sb. at arms length 与某人保持距离；不亲近某人 be at ones wits end 黔驴技穷 4如果一样东西为两个人共有，则只在后一个名词后加s，如果不是共有的 则两个名词后都要加- s。 Jane and Marys mother 简和玛丽的妈妈(共有，暗示简和玛丽是
16、姐妹关系) Janes and Marys mothers 简的妈妈和玛丽的妈妈(不是共有， 分别指两位妈妈) 5双重所有格：“a/two/some .名词of名词s/名词性物主代词”构成双 重所有格， “of名词所有格”中的名词必须表示人，不能表示事物。 a friend of her mothers 她妈妈的一个朋友 two photos of hers 她的两张照片 考点三 数词基数词与序数词 题组试做 .单句语法填空 1(2020 枣庄模拟)Its celebrations happened as early as the fifth(five) century. 2The eleva
17、tor broke down and we had to walk up to the tenth (ten) floor. 3Saturn is the second (two) biggest planet in the solar system. 4Each year, hundreds (hundred) of the animals are killed for their fur. 5Im a frequent traveller and I eat out twice (two) a day. 6It has been snowing, roughly every third (
18、three) day, for as long as Ive had the flu. .单句改错 7In the twenty century，local studies have increasingly become acceptable to professionals.twentytwentieth 8 Today, experts believe that nearly twothird of the worlds population live within eighty kilometers of the seacoast.twothirdtwothirds 9Some men
19、 are old at sixty- five; others are still as lively as crickets in their ninety.ninetynineties 要点解读 一、基数词和序数词 1表数量的数词叫基数词，如 one, two, three，. 2表顺序的数词叫序数词，如 first, second, third, fourth, fifth，. 二、基数词变序数词的规则 1一二三要单独记：onefirst, two second, three third 2th 要从四加起：four fourth, five fifth，. 3eight 少个 t：ei
20、ght eighth 4nine 删除 e：nine ninth 5ve 用 f 来代替：five fifth, twelve twelfth 6ty 变成 tie：twenty twentieth 三、序数词的使用 1序数词在句中主要作定语，一般情况下序数词前要加定冠词。 Monday is the second day of a week. 星期一是一周的第二天。 2序数词前有时加不定冠词，表示“又一、再一”，相当于 another。 Would you like a second cup of tea? 你还想再来一杯茶吗？ I had a third apple.我(吃了两个苹果后)又
21、吃了一个苹果。 3first, second 等有时可表示一批人或物。 The first milu deer came from China in the 1860s. 最早的一批麋鹿是在十九世纪六十年代从中国引进的。 四、分数：分子用基数词，分母用序数词；分子大于 1，分母用复数。 1/3: one third，2/5: two fifths .单句语法填空 1The hotel has been ordered to close because it is overrun by _ (mouse) and rats. mice 根据后面的 rats 可知，空白处要填入 mouse 的复数
22、形式 mice。 2The system reflects the seasonal characteristics of annual natural _ (phenomenon) and farming activities. phenomena 根据后面的 activities 可知，空白处要填入 phenomenon 的复数 形式 phenomena。 3 Police were reported to have seized all _(copy) of this mornings edition of the newspaper. copies 根据句意可知，空白处要填入 copy
23、 的复数形式 copies。 4Here he sat, with his pipe between his _(tooth) and both hands resting on his knees. teeth 根据句意可知，空白处要填入 tooth 的复数形式 teeth。 5Barber shops have been opened in most big hotels in foreign countries；guests can go to the _ (barber) to have a haircut directly. barbers 句意：国外大部分大的酒店都有理发店，客人可
24、以直接去那里理 发。the barbers 指“理发店”，故填 barbers。 6Its about an _ (hour) drive from our school to the city center, but it takes more time at the weekend. hours 一个小时的车程“an hours drive”。 7On his _ (twelve) birthday, Philip decided to give up eating meat.“I dont think its right to eat animals， ”he said. twelfth
25、 考查序数词。第十二个生日“twelfth birthday”。 8Next season will be my _ (nine) in Liverpool and I still have one year left on my current contract. ninth 考查序数词。我的第 9 赛季“my ninth (season)”。 9If a regular bus can hold dozens of people, imagine what a bus _ (two) the size can hold! twice 考查数词。“想象一下两倍于它大小的一辆公交车能容纳多少人
26、！” 表两倍大为 twice the size。 .单句改错 1(2019 全国卷)All the football player on the playground cheered loudly, saying that I had a talent for football._ playerplayers 所有的足球队员，应用复数 players。 2Sunlight passes through the atmosphere and then reflects off the earth surface in the form of heat._ earthearths 地球的表面“th
27、e earths surface”。 3After a moment hesitation, the young man reached out his hand to greet the stranger._ momentmoments 一会儿的迟疑“a moments hesitation”。 4Last winter I went to Zhangjiakou，where I had lots of funs skiing in the rocky mountains._ funsfun fun 是不可数名词，没有复数形式。 5(2019 全国卷)Then，when I was in t
28、he five grade, I wanted to be a teacher because I liked my English teacher so much._ fivefifth 五年级“the fifth grade”。 6It costs Mr. Black five thousands dollars a year to maintain this house._ thousandsthousand thousand 表示具体数字时，不能用复数形式。 .语法填空 Last week, in support of the battle against COVID19(新冠肺炎)i
29、n Wuhan, my classmates and I started a campaign named “Lucky Money Plan” ，1_turned out to be worthwhile and 2_(benefit). Learning that the protective equipment was badly needed from TV, I was determined to take 3_(measure)to deal with this worrying situation. After careful consideration, a good idea
30、 hit me that I could raise some money 4_(buy) medical supplies for Wuhan. Without delay, I posted my advocating (支持)letter on the school website， 5_(call)on all my fellows to take an active part in it. Much 6_my surprise, all of them showed great interest and donated all their lucky money. I ordered
31、 a lot of medical necessities on the Internet, and these items 7 _(deliver) to Wuhan directly. A few days later, I received a telephone call from the hospital. The doctor spoke highly of 8_we had done, saying our 9_(kind)and our support strengthened their determination to wipe out the virus. Hearing
32、 these words, I felt 10_ (extreme)excited and proud. 【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。作者为了支持武汉抗击新冠肺炎，和同 学们开展了“压岁钱计划”活动，用筹集的压岁钱购买医疗必需品运往武汉。作 者为自己的所作所为感到自豪。 1 which 考查定语从句。 分析句子结构可知， 句子主干是 my classmates and I started a campaign，句中包含非限制性定语从句，先行词是 Lucky Money Plan， 指物，在非限制性定语从句中作主语，用关系代词 which 引导，故填 which。 2beneficial 考
33、查形容词。和 and 前的 worthwhile 并列，在句中作表语用 形容词，故填 beneficial。 3measures 考查名词复数。measure 表示“措施”时用复数形式， “采取措 施”是 take measures，故填 measures。 4to buy 考查非谓语动词。此处为不定式作目的状语。 5calling 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知句中已有谓语动词 posted， 此处用非谓语动词。句中主语 I 和动词 call 是主动关系，用现在分词作状语。故填 calling。 6to 考查介词。表示“令某人吃惊的是”是固定短语 to ones surprise，故 填
34、to。 7were delivered 考查时态语态。根据 Last week 和全文时态可知用一般过 去时，句中主语 these items 和动词 deliver 是被动关系，用一般过去时的被动语态， 与主语一致，故填 were delivered。 8what 考查宾语从句。句意：医生高度赞扬了我们所做的事。空处引导 宾语从句，从句中缺少宾语，用 what 引导，故填 what。 9kindness 考查名词。此处作 say 的宾语，且由 our 修饰用名词。故填 kindness。 10extremely 考查副词。此处表示“非常兴奋”，修饰形容词 excited 和 proud 用副
35、词，故填 extremely。 .短文改错 (2020 广西柳州市高三上学期英语摸底考试)Ten years ago, my hometown is a small and poor city with few factories.And the citizens had few choice on transportation.However, nowadays my hometown has taken on brand new look with rapid development of culture and economy.The citizens living conditions
36、 have been greatly improve and their lifestyles are different from in the past.Shop online has become popular.When they comes to transportation, private cars have become a common way of travelling beside public transportation.The best change is which all the people are living a hopeful life with con
37、fident. 【答案】 Ten years ago, my hometown is was a small and poor city with few factories.And the citizens had few choice choices on transportation.However, nowadays my hometown has taken on a brand new look with rapid development of culture and economy.The citizens living conditions have been greatly
38、 improve improved and their lifestyles are different from in the past. Shop Shopping online has become popular.When they it comes to transportation, private cars have become a common way of travelling beside besides public transportation.The best change is which that all the people are living a hopeful life with confident confidence.
