1、第 3 讲 并列句和状语从句 前沿最新动态 题型 高考典题试做 命题角度解读 语 法 填 空 1 (2020 全国卷)As/When he asked the villagers on the banks of the river where he could find the legendary (传奇的) artist, they smiled and pointed down the river. 2(2020 新高考全国卷)They kept their collection at home until it got too big or until they died，and the
2、n it was given to a museum. 3(2019 全国卷)“.I work not because I have to，but because I want to.” 1考查并列连词 (考查重点：and， but，or，so，when， while)； 2 考查状语从句的 连接词。 短 文 改 错 1(2020 全国卷)First I cut the tomatoes into pieces but put them aside. butand 2 (2020 全国卷)Actually, I started to learn kung fu when I was seven
3、 years old, for I have long been out of practice. forbut/yet 3 (2019 全国卷) Suddenly a football fell just in front of me but almost hit me.butand 4(2020 全国卷)In order to make sure all of us are in good health， and she makes specific plans for us.删除 and 5 (2020 全国卷)I waited patiently unless the oil was
4、hot. unlessuntil/till 1 并列连词的错用 或多余； 2 状语从句连接词 的错用。 考点一 并列连词 题组试做 .单句语法填空 1(2020 河北衡水调研)Theyre not simply made in China, but designed in the country. 2(2020 河南中原名校联考)He has plenty of money and he can spend it freely. 3(2020 临沂模拟)Leave it with me and I will see what I can do with it. 4(2020 聊城二模)Dont
5、 drive so fast or youll have an accident. 5(2020 玉门二模)The shops were closed so I didnt get any milk. .单句改错 6(2020 广东七校联考) My eyes were filled with tears as she wiped down the table but guided my dad to the seat. butand 7(2020 平顶山市一中模拟)She is an American, and she knows little about American history.
6、andbut 8(2020 绵阳外国语一模)Read the text a second time, the meaning will become clearer to you. 第二个 the 前加 and 要点解读 1表并列、递进或顺承关系的并列连词：and，both .and .，neither .nor .， not only .but also .，as well as Not only the teacher but also the students were invited.不但那位教师被邀请，而 且学生们也被邀请了。 2表转折的并列连词：but，yet；表对比关系的并列连词
7、：while The failure was a big blow to him，but he wasnt discouraged and soon got as enthusiastic as ever. 这次失败对他是个很大的打击，但他并没有沮丧，很快便像以前一样充满热 情。 I was never very neat，while my roommate Kate was extremely organized. 我从来不是一个很爱整洁的人，而我的室友凯特却极有条理。 易错提醒 but 不与 although/though 连用，但 yet，still 可与 although/though
8、 连用。 3表选择关系的并列连词：or，either .or .，not .but . They gave money to the old people either personally or through their companies. 他们给那位老人送钱，有的是以个人的名义，有的则是通过他们的公司。 4表因果关系的并列连词：so，for (表“由于”，一般不放在句首) He found it increasingly difficult to read，for his eyesight was beginning to fail. 由于他的视力下降，他发现读书越来越困难了。 5wh
9、en 可用作并列连词，意为“这时，那时”，相当于 and at this/that time。 常用于下列句式： be about to do sth.when .“正要做某事，这时突然” be on the point of doing sth.when .“正要做某事，这时突然” be doing sth.when .“正在做某事，这时突然” had done sth.when .“刚做完某事，这时突然” I was driving down to London when I suddenly found that I was on the wrong road. 我正开车去伦敦，这时突然
10、发现自己走错了路。 She had just finished her homework when her mother asked her to practice playing the piano yesterday. 昨天她刚完成家庭作业，她妈妈就让她练习弹钢琴。 【技法点拨】 语法填空中对并列连词的考查 并列连词的考查主要是通过句子意义及两个并列成分之间的关系来判断连词 词义。解题时准确理解题干的意义，理清前后逻辑关系很重要。 短文改错中对并列连词的考查 1分析句子结构及句与句之间的关系和相应的标点符号，确定是否需要连接 词连接，从而确定是否缺少连词或连词多余，以便增删连接词。 2分析
11、句子间的意义关系，判断句子间连接词的使用是否正确，然后予以改 正。 and 表并列； yet/but 表转折； or 表选择； so 表因果； while 表对比； when 表“就 在这时”等，在做短文改错时一定要记牢。 考点二 状语从句 题组试做 .单句语法填空 1 (2020 茂名五月月考)There is no point in giving up something you enjoy unless you get something back thats even better. 2(2020 枣庄月考)The lady at the desk felt so sorry for
12、me that she offered to change the flight at no extra cost. 3(2020 佛山模拟)I was going into shock，and they called 911 and waited with me，one holding my hand and speaking gently to me that they would stay until help came. 4(2020 广州四校联考)We know that whatever tasks your group is given，a few rules need to b
13、e followed. 5(2020 南阳模拟)It wasnt long before I learned how to develop respectful relationships with my bosses and what tone of voice to use with kids. 5(2020 莱芜二次摸底)Bad habits, once formed, are difficult, and sometimes impossible to shake off. 6(2020 茂名市全市一中联考)In the state of Iowa，if you live more t
14、han a mile away from school you can get a school permit. .单句改错 7(2020 湖南益阳调研) But she used to be easy to get angry，especially that she was with family members only. thatwhen 8(2020 桂林押题卷)Half a month passed quickly after I knew it，and I learned how to deal with different people. afterbefore 9(2020 通
15、化模拟)The passenger was trying to get her name，so she wanted to post on Facebook about what had happened as a sort of appreciation. sobecause 要点解读 一、时间状语从句 1when，while 和 as 引导的时间状语从句 when 从句谓语动词为延续性动词或非延续性动词。从句的动作和主句的动 作可以同时发生，也可以先后发生。 while 从句的谓语动词为延续性动词。从句的动作与主句的动作同时发生。 as 从句谓语一般为延续性动词。从句的动作与主句的动作同时
16、发生或交 替进行，可译为“一边，一边；随着”。 While some people are motivated by a need for success，others are motivated by a fear of failure. 尽管有些人被成功的渴望所激励，但也有一些人却被失败的恐惧所激发。 As the average age of the population increases， there are more and more old people to care for. 随着人口平均年龄的增长，有越来越多的老年人需要照顾。 2表示“一就”的连词引导的时间状语从句 (1)
17、as soon as，the moment，the minute，the instant，immediately，directly The moment my aunt gained her diploma after four years of hard work，she was filled with joy. 我阿姨苦读四年之后获得了文凭，那一刻她欣喜万分。 (2)在 hardly.when.，no sooner.than.结构中，主句用过去完成时，than 或 when 所在的从句用一般过去时。 I had hardly got to the office when my wife p
18、honed me to go back home at once. 我刚到办公室，妻子就打电话让我马上回家。 3before，since 引导的时间状语从句 (1)before 表示“在之前；还未就；还没有来得及就”。 常用句式：It will be/was一段时间before.过了时间才；It wont be/wasnt一段时间before.没过多久就。 We need to get to the root of the problem before we can solve it. 在我们解决问题之前，我们需要找到问题的根源。 If you miss this chance，it may
19、be years before you get another one. 如果你错过了这次机会，可能需要很多年你才能再获得一次。 (2)since 意为“自从以来”，常用句式：It is/has been一段时间since 从句(常用过去时)。since 从句的时态若是一般过去时，主句的时态常用现在完成 时或现在完成进行时。 As is reported，it is over 100 years since Tsinghua University was founded. 正如所报道的，清华大学自建立以来已有一百多年了。 4till/until 引导的时间状语从句 until/till 用于肯
20、定句表示“直到为止”，其主句谓语动词必须为延续性动 词；not.until/till.表示“直到才”，not 所在的主句的谓语动词必须为非 延续性动词。until 可用于句首，而 till 不能。 If you dont understand something，you may research，study，and talk to other people until you figure it out. 如果你遇到不懂的东西，可以搜索、研究以及和其他人交谈，直到你把它弄 明白。 She didnt start the lesson until the pupils settled down.
21、 等学生们安静下来后，她才开始上课。 5every time，each time，next time，the first time，by the time 等引导的时 间状语从句 By the time you have finished this book，your meal will get cold. 等你看完这本书，你的饭就凉了。 二、让步状语从句 1although，though，as 和 while 引导的让步状语从句 (1)though 引导的从句可用倒装语序，也可不倒装；although 引导的从句不倒 装；as 引导的从句必须用倒装语序。 Although these mea
22、sures are not effective forever，they are vital for now. 虽然这些措施并不能永远有效，但它们目前是至关重要的。 Hot as/though the night air was，we slept deeply because we were so tired after the long journey. 夜晚的空气虽然很热，但因为长途旅行之后很累，我们睡得很沉。 (2)though 可用作副词，意为“然而”，表转折，置于句末。 (3)while 引导让步状语从句，只能置于句首。 (4)as、though 引导让步状语从句时采用倒装的两种特殊
23、情况： 如果是单数名词或形容词的最高级作表语，不再用冠词。 Youngest as/though he is in our class，he speaks English best. 他虽然是我们班年龄最小的，但他英语说得最好。 行为动词前置时，从句主语后面要用 may，might，can，could，will，would 等情态动词，若没有情态动词，则需加上一个 do(does 或 did)。若前置的行为动词 是及物动词，则其宾语也随其后一并提前。 Search as they would here and there，they could find nothing in the room.
24、 尽管到处寻找，但他们在房间里找不到任何东西。 Change your mind as/though you do，you will get no help from us. 即使你改变主意，你也得不到我们的帮助。 2even if 与 even though 引导的让步状语从句 even if/even though 引导让步状语从句时，表示语气更强的让步，意为“即使， 即便”。 Tim is in good shape physically even though/even if he doesnt get much exercise. 蒂姆尽管不怎么锻炼，但体形很好。 3“疑问词- ev
25、er”引导的让步状语从句 where(what，who，whom，when，which，how)- ever 表示“无论”，引 导让步状语从句时， 相当于 no matter where(what， who， whom， when， which， how)。 It is generally considered unwise to give a child whatever he or she wants. 总的来说，孩子想要什么就给什么是不明智的。 However/No matter how hungry I am，I never seem to be able to finish off
26、this loaf of bread. 无论我有多饿，我似乎从来不能吃完整条面包。 4whether.or.引导的让步状语从句 whether.or.意为“无论还是”，提供两种对比情况。 All people，whether they are old or young，rich or poor，have been trying their best to help those in need since the disaster. 所有人，无论年老还是年轻，富裕还是贫穷，都一直在尽他们所能帮助灾后 需要帮助的人们。 三、其他状语从句 状语从句 连词 条件状语从句 if，unless(if.no
27、t)，so/as long as(只要)，on condition that， in case(万一)，suppose/supposing，provided/providing 原因状语从句 because，as，since，now that，considering that (考虑到，鉴 于) 目的状语从句 so that，in order that，in case (以防) 结果状语从句 so that，so.that.，such.that. 地点状语从句 where，wherever 方式状语从句 as(正如，正像)，as if/as though(好像) 比较状语从句 than，as.
28、as.，not as/so.as. You wont find paper cutting difficult as long as you keep practicing it. 只要你不断练习，你就不会觉得剪纸很难。 Just as a single word can change the meaning of a sentence，a single sentence can change the meaning of a paragraph. 正如单个单词可以改变一句话的意思那样，单个句子也能改变一段文字的意 思。 He had his camera ready in case he s
29、aw something that would make a good picture. 他准备好了照相机，以防看到一些他能够拍成好照片的东西。 易错提醒 as if/as though 引导的方式状语从句与事实相反时， 从句通常用虚 拟语气；与现在的情况相反时，用过去时；与过去情况相反时，用过去完成时； 与将来情况相反时，用 would/could/might动词原形。 【技法点拨】 在语法填空中： 状语从句的考查集中在连词的使用上。解题时要认真分析主、从句之间的逻 辑关系，明确从句表示时间、地点、条件、原因、让步、方式、比较等，再根据 各种从句固定使用的连接词确定正确答案。 在短文改错中：
30、 1分析句子结构，找到主句的谓语动词，确定句子的主谓结构，查看句子连 接是否正确。 2理解句意，把握句子的内在逻辑关系，确定从句在句中的作用及连接词在 句中所作的成分，检查连接词是否正确。 .单句语法填空 1Sometimes its hard to accept the truth _ the lie sounds so much better. because 句意：有时候事实真相很难被接受，因为谎言往往要顺耳多了。此 处表示原因，故填 because。 2 _noted otherwise, these brochures are free of charge. Unless 句意：除非
31、另外说明，否则这些小册子都是免费的。根据语意可知， 空格处用 unless，引导一个省略的状语从句，相当于 Unless they are noted。 3She was such a proud person that she would die _ she would admit she was wrong. before 句意：她是个非常骄傲的人，宁愿死也不认错。这里用 before，翻译 成“宁可也不愿”，常与 will 或 would 连用。 4I had hardly rung the bell _ the door was opened suddenly, and my son
32、rushed out to greet me. when 句意：我刚一(几乎还没有)按门铃，门突然就被打开了，我儿子就冲 出来迎接我。hardly/scarcely . when，表示“一就，刚刚就”。 5When you read the book, youd better make a mark _ you have any question. where 句意：当你读这本书的时候，你最好在你有问题的地方做个标记。 where 在此处引导地点状语从句。 6 _the movie star has always been the focus of much media attention,
33、he tries to lead a normal life. While/Though/Although 句意：虽然这个影星一直是媒体关注的焦点，但是 他 努 力 过 一 种 正 常 的 生 活 。 根 据 题 意 可 知 ， 从 句 表 示 让 步 ， 故 填 While/Though/Although。 7 _students decide which college to go to, they should research the admission procedures. Once 句意： 一旦决定了要上哪所大学， 学生们应该去查询学校的录取程序。 once “一旦”，引导时间状
34、语从句。 .单句改错 1A good storyteller must be able to hold his listeners curiosity before he reaches the end of the story. _ beforeuntil 句意：一个擅长讲故事的人必须能抓住听众的好奇心，直到 他讲完这个故事为止。 主句的谓语动词为延续性动词， 且主句为肯定句， 应用 until， 意为“直到为止”。 2As young men, we should learn to stand up when we fall in our life. _ whenwhere 句意：作为年轻
35、人，在生活中我们应该学会从跌倒的地方站 起来。此处用 where 引导地点状语从句。 3I dont mind where I live unless there is my favorite job. _ unlessif 句意：如果有我喜欢的工作，在哪儿生活我都不介意。if 引导条 件状语从句。 4Any measure of ads performance is entirely pointless when it could be viewed by a person. _ whenunless 句意：如果一个广告没有人看，广告的任何表现形式都是完 全没有意义的。根据语境，强调条件，而
36、不是时间，故 when 改为 unless。 5Though the work was difficult, but we managed to finish it in time._ 删除 but 在 although 和 though 引导的让步状语从句后， 主句里不可用 but。 .语法填空 (2020 临沂二模)Xu Lizhen, a 74yearold lady, has been acting as a tour guide for nearly 20 years in Yang Shuo, Gui Lin, 1 _is a city known both in China an
37、d abroad for its beautiful landscape.2 _she attended only primary school when she was young, she can now speak approximately 11 foreign languages 3 _(fluent) Since 20 years ago, tourists 4 _(show) affection for Yang Shuo, including a great many foreigners.In order to make a 5 _(live), Xu Lizhen bega
38、n to sell water.However, she could hardly make any money at first because foreigners didnt understand her accent.She tried to imitate the 6 _(pronounce) of the foreigners, take notes and learn them 7 _heart.If she came across tourists who can speak both Chinese and a foreign language, she would ask
39、them to translate their words many times so that she could remember them 8 _(well)It is in this way that the old granny masters 11 languages, such as English, French, Russian, Korean.Now, she has no difficulty at all 9 _(communicate) with foreign friends in simple oral English.She is also 10 _(refer
40、) to as Mother Moon for her kindness among tourists. 【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。讲述了一位自学了 11 门语言的 74 岁导 游奶奶的故事。 1which 此处为非限制性定语从句，先行词是 Yang Shuo，引导词应填 which。 2 Though/Although/While 此处用连词 Though/Although/While 引导让步状 语从句，表示“尽管”。 3fluently 副词修饰动词 speak。 4have shown 根据时间状语“Since 20 years ago”可知，此处应用现在完成 时。故填 have
41、 shown。 5living make a living“谋生”，为固定搭配。 6pronunciation 此处表示模仿外国人的发音，pronounce 的名词形式 pronunciation 作宾语。 7by learn by heart“记住”，为固定搭配。 8better 多翻译几次的目的是记得更好，所以用比较级 better。 9communicating have difficulty (in) doing sth.“做某事有困难”，为习惯 用法，故填动词的现在分词。 10referred 她还被称作“月亮母亲”。“被称作”为 be referred to as，主 动形式为 r
42、efer to.as.。 .短文改错 (2020 开封市质量检测)Last Saturday， I went on journey by train.There were such many passengers that not everyone could get a seat.Many people had to stand，which was really tired.I had a reserved seat so I could sit comfortable.In front of my seat is a woman with two little kids.With the
43、kid squeezing into their single seat， she had to stand up all the way.So I moved a bit but shared my seat with her.The woman felt very grateful to my selflessness.Seeing her beautiful smile，I also smiled.Share increased happiness! 【答案】 Last Saturday，I went on a journey by train.There were such so ma
44、ny passengers that not everyone could get a seat.Many people had to stand，which was really tired tiring.I had a reserved seat so I could sit comfortable comfortably.In front of my seat is was a woman with two little kids.With the kid kids squeezing into their single seat，she had to stand up all the way.So I moved a bit but and shared my seat with her.The woman felt very grateful to for my selflessness.Seeing her beautiful smile，I also smiled. Share Sharing increased happiness!
