1、第 1 讲 名词性从句 前沿最新动态 题型 高考典题试做 命题角度解读 语 法 填 空 1 (2020 浙江卷)Over thousands of years， they began to depend less on what could be hunted or gathered from the wild， and more on animals they had raised and crops they had sown. 2(2019 全国卷) While they are rare north of 88 ，there is evidence that they range al
2、l the way across the Arctic, and as far south as James Bay in Canada. 3(2018 全国卷)Im not sure who is more frightened，me or the female gorilla(大猩猩) that suddenly appears out of nowhere. 4(2018 浙江 11 月卷)It is possible that caffeine may cause birth defects(缺陷) in humans，too. 对名词性从句的考查集中 在引导词的选择上，其中 what
3、 与 that; how，if 与 whether 是考查的重点。 短 文 改 错 (2016 全国卷)My uncle is the owner of a restaurant close to that I live.thatwhere 1 从属连词与连接副词之 间的错用； 2连接代词(what，which 和 who 等)之间的错用； 3 从属连词 that 与连接代 词(尤其是 what)之间的错 用以及 that 与 whether/if 之间的错用； 4 从属连词 that 的缺失或 多余。 考点一 主语从句 题组试做 .单句语法填空 1(2020 哈尔滨第三中学第一次验收)But
4、 most importantly, what you need is good feedback. Youd better have someone that can correct your mistakes immediately. 2(2020 吉林省吉化第一高级中学月考)What interested her most was the longitude line. 3(2020 即墨市二模)That she became an artist may have been due to her fathers influence. 4(2020 三亚市冲刺)Where I spend
5、my summer is no business of yours. .单句改错 5(2020 广东部分学校第一次联考)How we learn in class is enough. HowWhat 6(2020 南宁市第三中学月考)That he did was to wave at everyone who passed by. ThatWhat 7(2020 衡水模拟)This surprised us very much that Tom should have left without a word. ThisIt 要点解读 1主语从句的引导词 从属连词 that，whether，
6、if 只起连接作用， 不在从句中作成分 连接代词 what，who，whom， which，whichever， whatever，whoever 在从句中作主语、宾语、表语 或定语 连接副词 when，where，how，why 在从句中作状语 Your support is important to our work.Whatever you can do helps. 你的支持对我们的工作很重要。你能做的任何事情都会对我们有所帮助。 That you are coming to London is the best news I have heard this long time. 长久
7、以来我听到的最好的消息就是你要来伦敦。 易错提醒 1that 引导主语从句时一般不省略。 2当主语从句位于句首时，常用 whether 引导，而不用 if。 2形式主语 it 作形式主语的常见句型： (1)Itbe形容词(necessary/likely/important/certain 等)that 从句 (2)Itbe名词(短语)(a pity/a shame/no wonder 等)that 从句 (3)Itbe过去分词(said/told/reported 等)that 从句 (4)It不及物动词(seem，appear，happen，matter 等)that 从句 It is u
8、ncertain what side effect the medicine will bring about，although about two thousand patients have taken it. 尽管大约两千名患者已经服用了这种药，但是它会带来什么样的副作用还不 清楚。 It doesnt matter whether you pay by cash or credit card in this store. 在这个商店里你用现金支付还是信用卡支付都没有关系。 易错提醒 当 it 作形式主语，主语从句放在句末时，用 if 或 whether 引导均 可，但如果被后置的主语从
9、句中引导词后接 or not 时，只能用 whether。 考点二 宾语从句 题组试做 .单句语法填空 1(2020 石家庄重点高中摸底)The rise in sales of translated fiction shows how hungry so many British readers are for terrific writing from other countries. 2(2020 威海冲刺卷)There were so many kinds of bikes in the shop that he really didnt know which he could cho
10、ose. 3(2020 茂名月考)Jane moved aimlessly down the tree- lined street, not knowing where she was heading. 4(2020 洛阳第一高级中学月考)While these different customs might seem strange to you, remember that what you consider normal probably seems just as unusual to others. .单句改错 5(2020 哈尔滨市第三中学验收)First, you must fo
11、cus on which you are faced with. whichwhat 6(2020 成都模拟)He told me that he had two sons and they both had gone to college. and 后加 that 7(2020 沧州联考)I have been worrying about if I have hurt Marys heart. ifwhether 8(2020 辽宁五校协作联合模拟)First we discussed what habit that we should develop. 删除 that 要点解读 1宾语从
12、句的引导词 从属连词 that，whether，if 只起连接作用，不 在从句中作成分 连接代词 what，who，whom， which，whichever， whatever，whoever 在从句中作主语、 宾语、表语或定语 连接副词 when，where，how，why 在从句中作状语 She asked me whether I had returned the books to the library， and I admitted that I hadnt. 她问我是否把书还给图书馆了，我承认我还没有还。 Our teacher always tells us to believ
13、e in what we do and who we are if we want to succeed. 我们的老师总是告诉我们，如果我们想成功的话，就要相信我们所做的事情 以及我们自己。 易错提醒 1that 引导宾语从句时，常被省去，但下列情况下不能省略：动词后跟有 多个 that 引导的宾语从句时，只有第一个 that 可省略，其余的不可省略；宾语 从句前有插入语时；that 引导的从句位于句首时。 2一般情况下介词后只能用 wh- 类连接词引导宾语从句。介词后的宾语从句， 连接词表示“是否”时，只用 whether，不用 if。 2it 作形式宾语的常见句型 (1)动词 find/f
14、eel/think/consider/makeit宾补(形容词或名词)不定式/从句 (2)动词 hate/like/dislike/appreciate/enjoyit从句 (3)动词短语 see to/depend on/rely onit从句 (4)固定搭配 take it for granted that/owe it to sb.that从句 Lets make it a rule that we mustnt speak Chinese in English class. 我们把英语课上不许讲汉语当作一条规定确定下来吧。 I shall see to it that he is ta
15、ken good care of when you are absent. 你不在的时候，我负责把他照顾好。 3宾语从句的时态 一般情况下，宾语从句须与主句的时态保持一致，即当主句是一般现在时时， 从句可根据具体情况选用合适的时态；当主句为过去的某种时态时，从句须用相 应的过去的某种时态。当从句的内容为真理或客观事实时，须用一般现在时。 考点三 表语从句 题组试做 .单句语法填空 1(2020 崇左模拟)This is why there is a saying that if you want something done, ask a busy person to do it. 2(202
16、0 肇庆二模)He kept yawning in class this morning.That was because he stayed up late watching the basketball game last night. 3(2020 青岛四中模拟)What the doctors really doubt is whether my mother will recover from the serious disease soon. 4(2020 山西大同四校联考)The reason for his absence yesterday was that he did h
17、ave something to do. .单句改错 5 (2020 鹤岗市第一中学开学考试)The reason is because you have not done well in it recently and you have lost interest in it. becausethat 6 (2020 河北保定、 唐山联考)The doubt is whom has got away with the document. whomwho 7(2020 洛阳尖子生第一次联考)I still remember it was that I was in Senior Grade O
18、ne. thatwhen 8(2020 湖南六校联考)The best change is which all the people are living a hopeful life with confidence. whichthat 要点解读 1表语从句的引导词 从属连词 that，whether 只起连接作用， 不在从句中作成分 连接代词 what，who，whom，which， whichever，whatever，whoever 在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定 语 连接副词 when，where，how，why 在从句中作状语 The most important result f
19、or the user is that the product does what is intended. 对用户来说最重要的是产品达到了预期的效果。 This is where we usually think its easier to just give up. 这就是我们通常认为更容易放弃的地方。 易错提醒 if 不能引导表语从句；that 引导表语从句时不能省略。 2as if/as though 引导表语从句 as if/as though 意为“好像，仿佛”，引导的表语从句常跟在系动词(如 seem， appear，look，taste，sound，feel，smell 等)之
20、后。若表语从句所述的是非真实的情 况，从句用虚拟语气；若所述的是事实或是极可能发生的情况，从句用陈述语气。 The thick smog covered the whole city.It was as if a great black blanket had been thrown over it. 厚重的烟雾覆盖着整个城市。好像把一个厚厚的黑色的毯子扔到它的上面。 3其他常考的表语从句 (1)This/That/It is why表语从句(表结果)“这/那就是的原因” (2)This/That/It is because表语从句(表原因)“这/那是因为” (3)The reason why
21、.is that表语从句“的原因是” 考点四 同位语从句 题组试做 .单句语法填空 1 (2020 阳朔三模)Word came that the students would put off the outing until next week, when they wouldnt be busy. 2(2020 湖北部分重点中学联考)He referred to Copemious statement that the earth moves round the sun. 3(2020 玉林市月考)The discussion is not meaningful at all whethe
22、r we should devote all of our time to study. 4(2020 徐州联考)Nobody believed her reason for being absent from the meeting that she had to meet her uncle at the airport. 5(2020 大庆模拟)The Great Wall leaves visitors a puzzle how ancient Chinese people managed to build it without modern tools. .单句改错 6(2020 阳
23、朔押题卷)The news when we are having a holiday tomorrow is not true. whenthat 7(2019 武汉武昌区调研)Last term, I couldnt accept the truth which I failed in my math examination. whichthat 8(2020 惠州第一次调研)All of us held the same view which environmental protection is so important for our life. whichthat 要点解读 同位语从
24、句在句中作某一名词的同位语，位于该名词之后，用以说明该名词 的具体内容。常见的后接同位语从句的名词有 advice，conclusion，doubt，fact， hope，idea，news，promise，question，suggestion，thought，truth，wish，word 等。 引导同位语从句的引导词：that，whether，how，where，when，why 等。 The manager put forward a suggestion that we should have an assistant.There is too much work to do. 经理
25、提出一个建议，我们应该有个助手。有太多的工作要做。 易错提醒 that 引导同位语从句和定语从句的区别：that 引导定语从句时， that 既起引导词的作用，又在从句中充当句子成分；如果在从句中作宾语 that 可以 省略，所修饰的名词指物时可用 which 替换。引导同位语从句时，that 在从句中不 充当任何句子成分，但不能省略，也不能用其他词替换。 【技法点拨】 语法填空中对名词性从句的考查 1首先确定空格处所在从句是否为名词性从句。然后分析从句在整个句中所 充当的成分，确定从句是主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句还是同位语从句。 2判断从句中的连接词。 (1)若从句不缺少成分则要考虑句意是
26、否完整，若句意不完整，则需用 whether/if；若句意完整，则用 that。 (2)若从句缺少主、宾或表语，则用连接代词。 (3)若从句缺少状语，则用连接副词。 另外，还需注意一些特殊的引导词(如 whether，because，as if 等)的用法。 短文改错中对名词性从句的考查 1首先分析句子结构，分析从句在全句中所充当的成分，确定从句所属类型； 2 检查连接词之间是否误用。 尤其注意容易混淆的 that 与 what、 that 与 which、 which 与 what、 if 与 whether； 3检查连接词是否漏掉； 4检查宾语从句与主句的时态呼应是否正确； 5检查主语从句
27、与谓语动词的数是否一致； 6检查作形式主语或形式宾语的 it 是否缺失。 .单句语法填空 1The famous player tried again and again after each failure. That is _ he succeeded at last. why 句意：每次失败后，这位著名的球员一次又一次地尝试。那就是为什 么他最终成功了(的原因)。is 后面是一个表语从句，用 why 引导从句，表示结果， 故填 why。 2The retired engineer is showing _ the wheelchair climbs stairs, which all t
28、he curious visitors want to know. how 句意：这位退休的工程师正在展示轮椅如何爬楼梯，这是所有有好奇 心的游客想知道的。由句意可知，填 how，意为“怎么，如何”。这是 how 引导 的宾语从句。 3Dick enjoys painting but he knows the fact _ he doesnt have what it takes to be a professional. that 句意： 迪克喜欢画画， 但他知道自己没有成为一名专业画家所需要的(素 质)。that 引导同位语从句，说明 fact 的具体内容。 4Success partia
29、lly depends on _ you have the patience to do simple things perfectly. whether 根据句子结构可知，设空处引导宾语从句；根据句意可判断，设空 处意为“是否”，其前有介词 on，故填 whether。 5I lost my cell phone yesterday. Can you tell me_I can buy one? where where 引导宾语从句，且在从句中作地点状语。 6It never occurred to me _ you could succeed in persuading him to ch
30、ange his mind. that it 为形式主语，真正的主语为后面的从句，从句中不缺少成分，且句意 完整，因此用 that。 7 _is well known to everyone, I should say, is that a man becomes learned by asking questions. What 分析句子成分可知， 主语从句中缺少主语， 且指事物， 因此用 what。 8Exactly _ the potato was introduced into Europe is uncertain, but it was probably around 1565 w
31、hen 句意：土豆被引进到欧洲的确切时间不能确定，但很可能是 1565 年 左右。分析句子结构可知，设空处为主语从句的引导词，根据 around 1565 判断， 这里指时间，故填 when。 .单句改错 1The fact when he had not said anything surprised me. _ whenthat 本句中含有同位语从句，解释说明 The fact 的内容，从句中不 缺少成分，并且句意完整，故引导词用 that。 2That the fat boy needs is much more practice. _ ThatWhat is 前面是一个主语从句，从句中
32、缺少 needs 的宾语，且意为 “的事物(东西)”，因此应用 what。 3That we can arrive there on time depends on the weather. _ ThatWhether 句意：我们是否能准时到达那里取决于天气。本句中的主 语从句缺少表示“是否”的连接词，故将 That 改为 Whether。 4The reason why she doesnt like me is I make her angry. _ is 后加 that is 后是一个表语从句，从句中不缺少成分，并且句意完整，因 此应用 that。 表语从句中 that 不能省略。 “T
33、he reason why . is that .”是一固定句型， 意为“的原因是”。 5I have been worrying about if I have hurt Marys feelings. _ ifwhether 宾语从句位于介词之后，表“是否”时，只能用 whether 引导， 不能用 if。 .语法填空 (2020 晋冀鲁豫名校联考)A pig saved from being killed at the eleventh hour 1 _(be) a world- famous artist so far.Pigcasso, as she is now known, wa
34、s 2 _(lucky) rescued with her sister Rosie when she was just two months old. Animal welfare campaigner Joanne Lefson took them to a farm in Franschhoek, near Cape Town, 3 _the base for her rescue pet charity Sanctuary SA was still being built.She noticed the young Pigcasso picking 4 _workmans paint
35、brushes in her mouth.5 _(shock) as Ms.Lefson was, she decided to give Pigcasso a canvas (油画布) Now at the age of just 21 months old, she 6_ (believe) to be the worlds only painting pig and has sold one of her 7_(work) for as much as 1， 700Despite selling 44 paintings across the UK, USA, South Korea a
36、nd Malaysia, Ms.Lefson says in many ways Pigcasso is just a regular pig.Her most expensive piece, Brexit, which features a rough representation of the word in the colours of the British flag was sold to a Dutch collector for 1，730 Pigcasso signs each canvas by 8 _(dip) her snout (鼻子) in a mixture of
37、 beetroot juice and acrylic paint.But 9 _pigs dont know is the concept of colour.Therefore, Ms.Lefson selects which paint to use before letting her creativity flow. Her owner says she often takes 10 _(inspire) from her surroundings. 【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。讲述了一只被救下的小猪成为举世闻名 的艺术家，它被认为是猪界的“毕加索”。 1has been 根据时
38、间状语“so far”可知，此处用所给词的现在完成时，又因 为主语是 A pig，故填 has been。 2luckily 此处为副词修饰动词 rescued，故填 luckily。 3where 此处是一个非限制性定语从句，从句句意是完整的，又因为先行 词是“Franschhoek, near Cape Town” ，故此处用关系副词 where 引导该定语从句。 4up pick up 意为“捡起”，为固定搭配。 5 Shocked 此处用所给词的过去分词作形容词， 在该句中作 was 后的表语， 意为“震惊的”。 6 is believed 根据前面的“Now.”和后半句的谓语部分“h
39、as sold”可知， 此处 用一般现在时，又因为 she 和 believe 之间是被动关系，故此处用所给词的一般现 在时的被动语态。 7works work 此处意为“作品”，为可数名词，根据空前的“one of”可知， 此处用名词复数形式。 8dipping by 为介词，此处用所给词的动名词作其宾语。 9what 此处引导的是一个主语从句且在从句中作宾语，根据句意“但是 猪不知道的东西是颜色的概念”，故此处填 what。 10inspiration 此处用所给词的名词形式作 takes 的宾语。 .短文改错 (2020 石家庄模拟)We are aiming to build a pe
40、aceful school.I thought it is every students duty to work hard to achieve this goal.As high school student，what should we do? First for all， we should love our school.Meanwhile， you should respect our teachers and obeying the rules in our school.Secondly，we should show our respect for our parents an
41、d do which we can help them.Besides，we classmates should also try to be kind and friendly.Most important，all of us must believe in each other and been honest in our daily life.And we will study even more harder and try our best to do all. 【答案】 We are aiming to build a peaceful school.I thought think
42、 it is every students duty to work hard to achieve this goal.As high school student students，what should we do? First for of all，we should love our school.Meanwhile，you we should respect our teachers and obeying obey the rules in our school.Secondly，we should show our respect for our parents and do which what we can to help them.Besides，we classmates should also try to be kind and friendly.Most important importantly，all of us must believe in each other and been be honest in our daily life.And we will study even more harder and try our best to do all.
