1、第 2 讲 定语从句 前沿最新动态 题型 高考典题试做 命题角度解读 语 法 填 空 1(2020 全国卷)Because the moons body blocks direct radio communication with a probe, China first had to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot where it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth. 2(2020 全国卷)In ancient China lived an artist wh
2、ose paintings were almost lifelike. 3 (2020 新高考全国卷)The 80， 000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane, for example, formed the core collection of the British Museum which/that opened in 1759 4(2019 全国卷) They were well trained by their masters who had great experience with caring for these animals. 1考查
3、定语从句 的关系代词； 2考查定语从句 中的关系副词。 短 文 改 错 1(2020 全国卷)Thank you for your letter, what really made me happy. whatwhich 2 (2020 全国卷)Understanding her good intentions, I eat all the food what is provided by Mom with appreciation. whatthat 3(2019 全国卷) One afternoon where I was in primary school, I was walking
4、by the school playground.wherewhen 4(2018 全国卷)They also had a small pond which they raised fish.whichwhere 或 which 前加 in 1关系代词的缺 失； 2关系副词的错 用； 3关系代词与关 系副词的错用； 4关系代词前介 词的缺失。 考点一 关系代词引导的定语从句 题组试做 .单句语法填空 1(2020 哈尔滨调研)Badaling is the most famous of the five sections which/that lies near Beijing and can
5、 be accessed easily. 2(2020 四平模拟)The students benefitting most from college are those who/that are totally engaged(参与)in academic life. 3(2020 北戴河联考)When travelling, we will enjoy ourselves and learn something from the exploration，which attracts me very much. 4(2020 石家庄模拟)As is often the case in Chi
6、na, foreign firms will face big barriers. 5(2020 太原三模)Anyone who is caught providing food for San Franciscos pigeons could face a heavy fine. 6(2020 济宁联考)Mr.Liu is the person whom you talked with on the bus. 7 (2020 秦皇岛模拟)Children who are not active or whose diet is high in foot will gain weight qui
7、ckly. .单句改错 8(2020 南充市统考)The song I sang was Country Road, that is a very famous piece of American country music.thatwhich 9(2020 衡水中学联考)Hearing my story, the head teacher, that was giving his lecture, praised me before all the students.thatwho 10(2020 邯郸市模拟)My friend showed me around the town, wher
8、e was very kind of him.wherewhich 要点解读 1关系代词的基本用法 关系代词 先行词 在从句中的作用 who 人 主语、宾语 whom 人 宾语 which 物 主语、宾语 that 人或物 主语、宾语、表语、状语 whose 人或物 定语 as 人或物 主语、宾语、表语 She is no longer the girl (that) she was ten years ago. 她已不再是 10 年前的她了。 I hate the way (that) she always criticizes me. 我讨厌她一贯批评我的方式。 He is a docto
9、r，as was his wife before she had children. 他是医生，他妻子生儿育女之前也是。 2that 和 which 的用法区别 只用 that 的 情况 先行词是 all，few，little，much，something， anything，nothing 等不定代词时 先行词被 the only，the very， the same，all 等修饰时 先行词是序数词、形容词最高级 或被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时 先行词既有人又有物时 只用 which 的情况 引导非限制性定语从句时(逗号隔开时) 关系代词指物，且前有介词时 China Today attr
10、acts a worldwide readership，which shows that more and more people all over the world want to learn about China. 今日中国有着全球的读者群，这说明全球越来越多的人想要了解中国。 3as 和 which 的区别 as as 引导非限制性定语从句，可放在主句前、中、后，as 常译为“正 如，正像”。从句的谓语动词多为 see，know，expect，say， mention，report 等 which which 引导非限制性定语从句修饰前面整个句子时， 只能置于主句后， 常译为“这一点
11、，这件事”等，which 引导的从句与主句之间常含有 并列或因果关系 “You cant judge a book by its cover， ” as the old saying goes. 正如老话说的那样：“人不可貌相” 。 易错提醒 as 用在限制性定语从句中时，先行词必须有 such，so 或 the same 等修饰，且 as 在从句中作宾语时不能省略。 考点二 关系副词引导的定语从句 题组试做 .单句语法填空 1(2020 吉林省吉大附中模拟)Some pictures of the river brought the days back to the old people w
12、hen they swam in it. 2(2020 曲阜师大附中模拟)We went through a period when communications were very difficult in the rural areas. 3(2020 威海模拟)Is this the school where some German friends went last week? .单句改错 4(2020 锦州八县市一中联考) Occasions are quite rare where I have the time to spend a day with my kids. where
13、when 5 (2020 黄岛区联考)The Song of China has set up a stage which some people can achieve their dreams. whichwhere 6(2020 大同模拟)Cheer up! Everyone may have periods in their lives that everything seems tough. thatwhen 要点解读 关系副词的基本用法 关系副词 先行词 在从句中的作用 when 时间名词 时间状语 where 地点名词或抽象名词(situation，point， case，pos
14、ition，stage 等) 地点状语 why the reason 原因状语 We will put off the picnic in the park until next week，when the weather may be better.我们将把在公园的野餐推迟到下周，届时天气可能会更好。 Students should involve themselves in community activities where they can gain experience for growth. 学生们应该参与社团活动，在这些活动中他们可以获得成长的经验。 Do you know th
15、e reason why he didnt attend the meeting yesterday? 你知道他昨天没参加会议的原因吗？ 考点三 “介词关系代词”引导的定语从句 题组试做 .单句语法填空 1 (2020 枣庄模拟)Michel Croz, with whose help Daisy passed the exam, was one of the straight A students of the school. 2 (2020 淄博张店联考)The house, the roof of which was destroyed in the terrible fire, has
16、 been repaired. 3 (2020 三亚月考)Li Lei, for whom English was once difficult, can speak English fluently as though he were a native speaker. .单句改错 4 (2020 保定模拟)The little girl is reading a book， which there are many cartoons. whichwhere 或 which 前加 in 要点解读 1“介词关系代词”引导定语从句时，介词的宾语只能用 which、whom， 且不能省略。 Som
17、e experts think reading is the fundamental skill upon which school education depends. 一些专家认为阅读是学校教育所依赖的基本技能。 September 30 is the day by which you must pay your bill. 9 月 30 日之前你必须缴付账单。 2“名词/不定代词/数词/形容词比较级或最高级ofwhich/whom”引导的 定语从句，表示部分与整体的关系。 Scientists have advanced many theories why human beings cr
18、y tears，none of which has been proved. 科学家们提出了很多关于人类为什么哭泣时流泪的理论，这些理论尚未得到 证实。 Many young people，most of whom were well- educated，headed for remote regions to chase their dreams. 很多年轻人都去了偏远地区追求自己的梦想，他们中大部分都受过良好的教 育。 3 在非限制性定语从句中， whose 修饰物时可以换为 “the名词of which”； 修饰人时，可以换为“the名词of whom”。 The newlybuilt
19、caf， the walls of which (whose walls) are painted light green， is really a peaceful place for us，especially after hard work. 这家新建成的咖啡馆，墙被刷成了浅绿色，对我们来说，真是一个安静的地 方，特别是在辛苦工作后。 【技法点拨】 在语法填空中： 1首先找准先行词有的定语从句并不紧跟在先行词后面，见考点二(题组试 做)1、4、6 题，分析句子结构，根据从句所缺的成分确定关系词的使用。 (1)如果缺少主、宾、表作定语，需用关系代词；如果缺少状语，则用关系副 词。 (2)确
20、定所缺成分之后，再看先行词是人还是物，是表示时间的名词还是表示 地点的名词，是 reason 还是 way 等，从而最后确定答案。 2若先行词指人， “介词关系代词”引导的定语从句中关系代词用 whom， 若指物，则用 which。牢记 that 与 which, as 与 which 的区别。 在短文改错中： 1首先识别该句是否为定语从句，然后根据先行词的性质，判断关系词的使 用是否正确或缺失，并予以改正或添加。 2 根据关系词在定语从句中所作的成分来判断关系词的使用是否正确。 作主、 宾、表语用 which/that/who/whom/as；作定语用 whose；作状语用 when/whe
21、re/why； 作介词宾语用 which/whom。 3判断定语从句是非限制性定语从句还是限制性定语从句，从而判断句中关 系词的使用是否正确。 .单句语法填空 1In our factory there are 2，000 workers, two thirds of _ are women. whom two thirds of whom 即 two thirds of the 2，000 workers。关系词在从句 中作介词 of 的宾语，因此用宾格 whom。 2A football fan is a person _ has a strong interest in football
22、. who/that 句意：足球迷是对足球有强烈兴趣的人。分析句子成分可知，此 处引导定语从句，从句中缺少主语，应用关系代词，指人可用 who/that。 3Is there anyone in your class family is in the country? whose 此处引导定语从句，先行词为 anyone。whose 引导定语从句，在从句 中作主语 family 的定语。 4I shall never forget those years _ I lived on the farm with the farmers. when 句意：我永远也不会忘记和农民们一起住在农场的那些年
23、。years 是 表示时间的名词，且从句中不缺少主语和宾语，故用 when 引导定语从句，when 在从句中作时间状语。 5We all know that this is the second book _ he has ever written. that 句意：我们都知道这是他写过的第二本书。当先行词前有序数词修饰 时，要用 that 引导定语从句。 6 _is often the case in India, foreign firms will face big barriers. As 此处为 as 引导的非限制性定语从句， as 在从句中作主语， 指代逗号后面 整个主句的内容。
24、7It is such a good book _ I want to buy immediately. as 根据句子结构可知，本句含有一个限制性定语从句。先行词为 a good book，并且从句中缺少宾语，又由于先行词被 such 修饰，故关系代词只能用 as。 8Our life has reached the stage _ we should decide what to do and how to do it by ourselves. where 句意： 我们的人生已经走到了应该独立决定该做什么和如何去做的阶 段了。分析句子结构可知，本句中含有一个定语从句。先行词 the st
25、age 作为抽象 地点，并且从句中缺少地点状语，因此应用关系副词 where。 .单句改错 1We still remember the days on which we spent in the old house. _ 删除 on 关系代词 which 在从句中作 spent 的宾语，因此删除介词 on。 2Nancy enjoyed herself very much last week，where she visited her friends in Sydney. _ wherewhen 先行词 last week 是表示时间的名词，且定语从句中缺少时间 状语，因此用关系副词 whe
26、n 来引导定语从句。 3The scientist whose the work is successful has been made a model worker. _ 删除 the 该定语从句中名词 work 前缺少定语， 故用 whose 引导该定语从句。 whose 与 the 不能同时使用，故删除 the。 4They talked for about an hour of incidents, most of them happened recently. _ themwhich 两个句子之间没有连词连接，应该把代词 them 改为具有连接 作用的关系代词。介词 of 后指物的关
27、系代词应用 which。 5That day, what I am looking forward to, is around the corner. _ whatwhich 本句中含有一个非限制性定语从句，关系词在从句中作宾语 且先行词是 that day，因此用关系代词 which。what 不能引导定语从句。 .语法填空 (2020 河南省八市重点中学联考)The tomato is a nutrient- dense super- food that offers benefits to a range of bodily systems.Its nutritional content
28、 supports 1 _(health) skin, weight loss and heart health. Despite botanically 2 _(be) a fruit, its generally eaten and prepared like a vegetable. Tomatoes are the major dietary source of the antioxidant lycopene, 3 _can reduce the risk of heart disease and cancer.They are also a great source of vita
29、min C, potassium, foliate, and vitamin K. Usually red when mature, tomatoes come in a 4_(various) of colors, including yellow, orange, green, and purple.Generally speaking, cooked tomatoes are 5 _convenient to nutrient absorption than raw tomatoes.However, it is not appropriate 6 _(heat) tomatoes at
30、 high temperatures for a long time.Tomatoes can be prepared in different ways. In Chinese cuisine, tomatoes are 7 _(frequent) used as a garish (装饰物), adding a refreshing soursweet flavor 8 _meaty dishes.One of the most traditional Chinese 9 _(example) of home- style cooking, scrambled eggs (炒 蛋) wit
31、h tomatoes, 10 _(reflect) how much Chinese people enjoy this juicy, savory fruit. 【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。向我们介绍了西红柿的营养价值以及在 中国的食用方法。 1healthy 修饰名词 skin，应用形容词。故填 healthy。 2being 此处是动名词作介词 despite 的宾语。 3which 引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中作主语，指物。故填 which。 4variety 考查固定搭配，a variety of“各种各样的”。 5more 考查比较级，more.than 是固定用法。故填 m
32、ore。 6to heat 本句为 it 作形式主语，不定式作真正的主语。故填 to heat。 7frequently 用副词修饰动词 used。 8to add.to“将加入到”，为固定短语。 9examples one of 后跟复数名词，表示“其中之一” 。 10 reflects one of.作主语， 为第三人称， 故谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。 .短文改错 (2020 德兴市模拟考试)Nowadays in China, either in the morning nor after dinner, people, especial elderly women, gather i
33、n squares to dance to popular music.More and more young people are also participating the square dance now. There are many reasons for their popularity.First of all, China has made a great progress in the social and economic development in the past decades, and people had more time and energy to enj
34、oy their lives.Besides, do the square dance is a good way for people to get fit. However, dancers play loud music and occupy lots of public places, where makes many people annoying.Maybe square dancers need to make some change. 【答案】 Nowadays in China, either in the morning nor or after dinner, peopl
35、e, especial especially elderly women, gather in squares to dance to popular music.More and more young people are also participating in the square dance now. There are many reasons for their its popularity.First of all, China has made a great progress in the social and economic development in the pas
36、t decades, and people had have more time and energy to enjoy their lives.Besides, do doing the square dance is a good way for people to get fit. However, dancers play loud music and occupy lots of public places, where which makes many people annoying annoyed .Maybe square dancers need to make some change changes.
