1、请准备好你的笔记本、双色笔请准备好你的笔记本、双色笔, 极度的学习激情极度的学习激情! 温馨提示温馨提示 The world belongs to the energetic. 世界属于充满活力的人。世界属于充满活力的人。 Grammar Revision 基本句型基本句型 一一 主语主语+系动词系动词+表语（表语（ S+Link.V+P ），）， 表语说明主语的表语说明主语的特征、类属、状态、身份特征、类属、状态、身份。 由名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、不定由名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、不定 式式、分词、分词、短语短语及从句及从句来担当。来担当。 My father is a profes
2、sor. Whos that? Its me. Everything here is expensive. The match became very exciting. The story of my life may be of help to others. vThree times five is fifteen. vHis plan is to seek work in the city. vMy first idea was that you should hide your feelings. S V（系动词） P This (be) a dictionary The dinne
3、r (smell) delicious. He (feel) happy. Everything (look) different. The twins (be) tall The book (be) interesting. The weather (become) warmer. His face (turn) red is smells feels looks are is becomes turned 其它系动词其它系动词 状态：状态：seem, appear, prove 感官：感官：smell, feel, taste, sound, look 变化：变化：become, get,
4、 turn, go, come, grow, fall 持续：持续：remain, stay, keep, continue 基本句型基本句型 二二 +（主动）（主动） 特点特点：句子的谓语动词能表达：句子的谓语动词能表达完整 的意思。 这类动词叫做这类动词叫做不及物动词不及物动词，后面可，后面可 以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。 S V（不及物动词） Time (fly) Class (begin) The man (not smoke) We all (laugh) Everybody (arrive) I (cry) The sun in the east
5、 (rise) flies begins doesnt smoke laughed has arrived am crying rises 基本句型基本句型 三三 + +O （主动宾）（主动宾） 特点：谓语动词都具有实义，都是特点：谓语动词都具有实义，都是 主语产生的动作，主语产生的动作，但不能表达完但不能表达完整整 的意思的意思，必须跟有一个宾语，即动，必须跟有一个宾语，即动 作的承受者，才能使意思完整。这作的承受者，才能使意思完整。这 类动词叫做类动词叫做及物动词及物动词。 (实义动词）实义动词） 1.Who 2. She 3. He 4. He 5. They 6. Tom (know)
6、 (laugh at) ( understand) (make) ( eat) ( like) the answer? her friend. English. cakes. some apples. eggs. knows laughed at understands made ate likes 基本句型基本句型 四四 （主动间宾（主动间宾 直宾）直宾） 特点：谓语动词必须跟有两个宾语才特点：谓语动词必须跟有两个宾语才 能表达完整的意思。这两个宾语一个能表达完整的意思。这两个宾语一个 是动作的直接承受者，另一个是动作是动作的直接承受者，另一个是动作 的间接承受者。的间接承受者。 通常这一间
7、接承受者用一个介词来通常这一间接承受者用一个介词来 连接，当动作的间接承受者在动作的连接，当动作的间接承受者在动作的 直接承受者之前时，这一介词往往被直接承受者之前时，这一介词往往被 省略。省略。 （及物）（及物） O间宾间宾 （人）（人） O直宾直宾 （物）（物） 1.He 2. She 3. She 4. He 5. I (pass) (cook) (bring) (buy) (tell) her him me you her a dress. a meal. a watch. a book. nothing. passed cooked brought bought told 基本句型基
8、本句型 五五 + +O + （主动宾宾补）（主动宾宾补） 特点：动词虽然是及物动词，但特点：动词虽然是及物动词，但 是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整 的意思，的意思，必须加上一个补充成分必须加上一个补充成分 来补足宾语来补足宾语，才能使意思完整，才能使意思完整， 补充成分就被称为宾语补足语补充成分就被称为宾语补足语。 宾语和宾语补足语一起构成宾语和宾语补足语一起构成动词的复合动词的复合 结构结构。 They elected me captain of the team. We try to make our country strong. We found everyt
9、hing in good order there.(介词短语介词短语) I should advise you to get the chance. (to do 不定式不定式) I saw him going upstairs. (doing现在分词现在分词) They found the house broken in. (done过去分词过去分词) （及物）（及物） （宾语）（宾语） （宾补）（宾补） 1.We 2. They 3. They 4. They 5. What (keep) (paint) (call) (find) (make ) the table the door h
10、im the house him clean. green. Bob. dirty. sad? keep painted call found makes The table is kept clean. The door was painted green. He is called Bob. The house was found dirty. 基本句型基本句型 六六 + +A （主动状语）（主动状语） 此种结构中的状语一般不可缺。 例如The radio is near his bed. 收音机靠近他的床。 They are in the classroom. 他们在教室里。 He ta
11、lked too much. 他夸夸其谈。 基本句型基本句型 七七 + +O +A （主动宾状语）（主动宾状语） 此种结构中的状语一般不可缺。 例如:She put her baby in the cradle. 她把小孩放在摇篮里。 They watched TV in the drawing room. 他们在客厅看电视。 基本句型基本句型 八八 There beSA （There be主语状语） 该句型表示在某处有某人或物。重点表 示“存在 ”。 There is a book on the table. There stands a tall tree in front of the
12、church. 状语状语 状语修饰状语修饰动词动词、形容词形容词、副词副词或或整个句整个句 子子，说明动作或状态的特征状语表示地，说明动作或状态的特征状语表示地 点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、 让步、伴随情况等。让步、伴随情况等。 He did it carefully. Without his help, we couldnt work it out. (介词短语介词短语做条件状语。做条件状语。) (In order) to catch up with my classmates, I must study hard. (不定式做目的状语不定式做目的状语
13、) The best fish swim near the bottom. (地点状语地点状语) I left the village five years ago. I arrived late because of the traffic jam . (原因状语原因状语) He often comes to visit us. (副词副词) The fish can eat a person in two minutes, leaving only bones. (结果状语结果状语) The students came into the classroom, singing and dan
14、cing. (伴随状语伴随状语) If he goes, so will I. (条件状语条件状语) 定语定语 定语用来修饰定语用来修饰名词名词或者或者代词代词。形。形 容词、代词、数词、名词、介词容词、代词、数词、名词、介词 短语、不定式或者相当于形容词短语、不定式或者相当于形容词 的词或者短语都可以担任定语。的词或者短语都可以担任定语。 They are women workers. vToms father didnt write home until yesterday. (名词所有格名词所有格) vMary is a beautiful girl. The play has thre
15、e acts. vThis is her first trip to Europe. (代词、数词、介词短语代词、数词、介词短语) vChina is a developing country. (现在分词现在分词) vI have nothing to eat. (不定式不定式) vThose who want to go to Tibet are to sign their names here. (定语从定语从 句句) 1.Plants need water. 2.The flower is so fresh. 3.The sun rises in the east. 4.He give
16、s me some flowers. 5.We should keep the room clean. 6.Many animals live in trees. 主主 + 谓谓+ 宾宾 主主 + 系系 + 表表 主主 + 谓谓 + 状状 主主 + 谓谓 +间宾间宾 +直宾直宾 主主 + 谓谓 + 宾宾 + 宾补宾补 主主 + 谓谓 +状状 7.Her father looks young. 8.She teaches us English. 9.The children are jumping and laughing happily. 10.Our teacher asked us to
17、talk about the questions in pairs. 11. He often tells me some interesting stories. 12.The students must keep their eyes closed. 主主 + 系系 + 表表 主主 + 谓谓 +间宾间宾 +直宾直宾 主主 + 谓谓 + 状状 主主 + 谓谓 + 宾宾 + 宾补宾补 主主 + 谓谓 +间宾间宾 +直宾直宾 主主 + 谓谓 + 宾宾 + 宾补宾补 指出下列句中的表语指出下列句中的表语 The old man was feeling very tired. The leaves
18、have turned yellow. Soon, they all became interested in the subject. His hope is to be a teacher. My dream is that I can be admitted into a key university. 指出下列句中的定语指出下列句中的定语 1. What is your last name? 2. I am afraid some people forgot to clean the floor. 3. Do you know the man standing at the door?
19、 4. He likes the film which he saw last week. 指出下列句中的宾语补足语指出下列句中的宾语补足语 He asked her to take the boy out of school. She found it difficult to do the work. They call me Lily sometimes. I saw Mr. Wang get on the bus. 指出下列句中的状语指出下列句中的状语 There was a big smile on her face. Every night he heard the noise u
20、pstairs. The man on the motorbike was traveling too fast. He began to learn English when he was eleven. 单句语法填空 1(2019 高考全国新课标卷I) Scientists have responded by (note) that hungry bears may be congregating(聚集) around human settlements, leading to the illusion(错觉) that populations are higher than they a
21、ctually are. 【解题步骤】 分析句子结构谓语是have responded, 所给动词(note)在介词by后考查非谓语 动词。 句意：科学家们作出回应说，饥饿的北极熊也许会聚集在人类居住地周围，让 人们产生错觉，认为北极熊比实际数量要多。非谓语动词表方式状语，用现在 分词。 尝试解答： noting 2(2019 高考全国新课标卷) Modern methods of tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid- 1980s, and are expensive (perform) c
22、onsistently over a large area. 【解题步骤】 分析句子结构谓语是have been employed和are, 所给动词在形容词后考查非 谓语动词。 句意：自20世纪80年代中期以来，人们就在使用现代的方法来跟踪北极熊的种 群数量，这些方法在很大范围内连续执行起来非常昂贵。非谓语动词作主语补 足语， 用不定式。 尝试解答： to perform to perform 3(2019 高考全国新课标卷) Picking up her “Lifetime Achievement” award, proud Irene declared she had no plans
23、(retire) from her 36- year- old business. 【解题步骤】 分析句子结构谓语是declared, 所给动词在名词后考查非谓语动词。 句意：引以为豪的Irene在摘得“终身成就奖”后，她宣称自己还没有从已经从 事了36年的事业中退休的打算。非谓语动词作后置定语， 用不定式。 尝试解答： to retire to retire 4(2019 高考全国新课标卷) When we got a call (say) she was short- listed, we thought it was a joke. 【解题步骤】 分析句子结构谓语是got, 所给动词在名
24、词后考查非谓语动词。 句意：当我们接到一个电话说她入围时，我们认为这是一个玩笑。非谓语动 词作后置定语，逻辑主语a call与say是主动关系，用现在分词。 尝试解答： saying saying 5(2018 高考全国新课标卷)Another reason for corns rise: The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice (improve) water quality. 6.(2017 高考北京卷改编)Many airlines now allow passengers to print their
25、boarding passes online (save) their valuable time. 7(2017 高考江苏卷改编)Many Chinese brands, (develop) their reputations over centuries, are facing new challenges from the modern market. 8(2017 高考北京卷改编)Jim has retired, but he still remembers the happy time (spend) with his students. to improve to save hav
26、ing developed spent 9(2018 高考天津卷改编)It took him a long time (acquire) the skills he needed to become a good dancer. 10(2018 高考天津卷改编)I need a new passport so I will have to have my photographs (take) 11(2018 高考江苏卷改编)Around 13,500 new jobs were created during the period, (exceed) the expected number of
27、 12,000 held by market analysts. 12(2017 高考天津卷改编)I was watching the clock all through the meeting, as I had a train (catch) to acquire taken exceeding to catch 13(2017 高考北京卷改编)The national park has a large collection of wildlife, (rang) from butterflies to elephants. 14(2017 高考全国新课标卷)This included d
28、igging up the road, (lay) the track and then building a strong roof over the top. 15(2017 高考全国新课标卷) But unlike her school friends,16- year- old Sarah is not spending half- term (rest) ranging laying resting 16(2016 高考北京卷改编) (order)over a week ago, the books are expected to arrive any time now. 17(20
29、16 高考北京卷改编)Newly- built wooden cottages line the street, (turn) the old town into a dreamland. 18(2016 高考浙江卷改编)To return to the problem of water pollution, Id like you to look at a study (conduct) in Australia in 2012. Ordered turning conducted 点石成金 非谓语动词： 不定式、动名词、分词(现在分词和过去分词)以及它们的被动式和完成式等。 现在分词表主动
30、进行；过去分词表被动完成；不定式表将来。同时，动名词可以 在句子中作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语和定语；现在分词和过去分词可作定 语、状语、宾语补足语和表语；不定式可作主语、宾语、宾补、定语和状语等。 1根据句意和所填词在句子中的位置及作用，确定其所充当的句子成分，从而 确定空格内所需填入的非谓语动词的形式。如果非谓语动词表示的动作与其逻辑 主语之间为主谓关系则用v.- ing形式或不定式的主动式；若为动宾关系则用v.- ing 形式的被动式、不定式的被动式或过去分词。 2非谓语动词表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前，用过去分词或v.- ing 形式/不定式的完成式；如果同时进行，用v.-
31、 ing形式或不定式的进行式；如果非 谓语动词表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之后则用不定式的一般式。非谓 语动词所表示的时间是一个相对时间，即相对于谓语动词的时间而言。to have done，having done表示该动作在谓语动词的动作之前发生；to be doing，doing强 调与谓语动词的动作同时发生。 语法填空 A There was a state 1.(call) Zhou in the Chinese history. One day, the king of Zhou asked his officials for advice on 2.(deal) with t
32、he prisoners of war. An official said, “If you love someone, you 3.(suppose) to love even the crows on the roof of his house. The prisoners of war are enemies fighting against us. In my opinion, wed better 4.(killing) them all.” called dealing are supposed kill But the king didnt agree with him. “I
33、think we should treat the prisoners of war 5. (different) by differing them into those who are guilty and those who are not. The guilty ones will be sentenced 6. death in order to avoid future disasters.” Then another one said, “Your majesty, I think all the prisoners should be set free and sent bac
34、k home to work in the fields and support themselves by their own labor. 7. ， you should keep strictly the rules for reward and 8. (punish). The people are sure to believe in you 9. you govern our country by morals and laws.” differently to Besides/Moreover punishment if The king thought the officials proposal was quite reasonable so he accepted and followed it. As 10. result, the domestic situation soon settled down and gradually the country became stronger. a
