1、Section Discovering Useful Structures 过去分词作定语和宾语补足语过去分词作定语和宾语补足语 一、过去分词作定语一、过去分词作定语 1. 过去分词作定语的位置。 【观察思考】 English is a widely used language. 英语是一门被广泛使用的语言。 This is one of the schools built in the 1980s. =This is one of the schools that were built in the 1980s. 这是20世纪80年代建造的学校之一。 【探究总结】 (1)单个的过去分词作定语
2、,通常放在被修饰的名词之 _。(2)过去分词短语作定语 时,通常放在被修饰的名词之 _,它的作用相当于一个定语从句。 (3)特殊情况: 有些单词的过去分词在习惯上往往放在被修饰词的后面。 There is little time left. Lets hurry up. 剩余的时间不多了。让我们快点吧。 前前 后后 过去分词修饰不定代词something、 everything、 anything、 nothing、 somebody、 nobody 和指示代词those等时要放在这些词后面。 【应用实践】 (1)句型转换。 A thief stole the goat that was ti
3、ed to the tree. =A thief stole the goat _ _ _ _. The girl who is dressed in red is Kellys long-lost friend. =The girl _ _ _is Kellys long-lost friend. The castle, which was burnt down in the sixteenth century, was never rebuilt. =The castle, _ _in the sixteenth century, was never rebuilt. (2)单句语法填空。
4、 The man _(seat) there is my uncle. Last Monday our class went on an _(organise) trip. 答案答案: (1)tied to the tree dressed in red burnt down (2)seated organised 2. 过去分词作定语的意义。 【观察思考】 a. fallen leaves落叶 the risen sun升起的太阳 a retired teacher 退休的老师 b. an honoured guest 一位受尊敬的客人 a guided trip 一次有导游的旅行 c. t
5、he broken glass碎了的杯子 the question discussed yesterday昨天讨论的问题 【探究总结】 观察以上三组例子我们可以看出: (1) 组短语中的过去分词只表示被动不强调完成,过去分词的原形都是 (及物/不及物)动词。 组短语中的过去分词只表示完成不表示被动,过去分词的原形都是 (及物/不及物)动词。 组短语中的过去分词同时表示被动和完成,过去分词的原形都是及物动词。 (2)不及物动词的过去分词作定语只表示 ,不表示_的意义;及物动词的过去 分词作定语表示 意义或已 的被动动作。 答案答案:(1)b;及物及物;a;不及物不及物;c (2)动作已完成动作已
6、完成;被动被动;被动被动;完成完成 英语中有很多与感觉有关的及物动词,其动词 -ing形式表主动意义,即“令人 有某种感觉”;其过去分词有被动意义,即“使人体会到某种感觉”。这类词通常 作前置定语用。 moving令人感动的 moved 感动的 interesting有趣的 interested 感兴趣的 disappointing令人失望的 disappointed 失望的 【应用实践】 单句语法填空。 She prepared a (boil) egg and a glass of milk for her breakfast. The (damage) bridge will be re
7、paired in three days. Mobile phones (make) in China are popular in foreign countries. He is talking with a (return) overseas Chinese. There was nothing (write) on the paper he had handed in. 答案答案: boiled damaged made returned written 二、过去分词作宾语补足语二、过去分词作宾语补足语 1. 位于have、 make、 get、 keep、 leave等使役动词后。
8、【观察思考】 Ill have my hair cut tomorrow. Body language can help you make yourself understood by others. He got his foot injured while playing football. He hurried to school, leaving his breakfast untouched. It is raining outside. Ann, keep all the windows closed. 【探究总结】 (1)结构:have/make/get/keep/leave+s
9、b/sth+过去分词。 (2)当表示使/让某人或某物发出某种动作时,若该动作与前面的人或物构成逻辑上的动 宾关系,表被动含义时,该动作应该用过去分词形式。 “have+宾语+过去分词”表示三种含义: 表示让别人做某事; 表示“遭遇某种不幸”; 表示“使完成某事”,事情既可由别人完成,也可由主语参与完成。 【应用实践】 单句语法填空。 Please read your article in a loud voice to make yourself _ (hear) clearly by all. When I was going to have my radio (repair), I had
10、 my bike (steal). You must get the report (prepare) before 7 oclock tomorrow morning. Experts use a new method to keep all the paintings _ (protect). 答案答案: heard repaired; stolen prepared protected 2. 位于see、 watch、 observe、 look at、 hear、 listen to、 feel、 notice、 find等表示感 觉或心理状态的动词(词组)后。 【观察思考】 Mr S
11、tanley saw many buildings destroyed by the strong wind. I heard the song sung in English. I felt a great weight taken off my mind. He found his hometown greatly changed. 【探究总结】 (1)结构:see/watch/observe/look at/hear/listen to/feel/notice/find+sb/ sth+过去分词。 (2)在感官动词和表示心理活动的动词(词组)后往往会用复合结构,该结构中宾语之后的 成分即
12、为宾语补足语。若宾语补足语表达的是被动含义,就采用过去分词形式。 【应用实践】 单句语法填空。 I have often heard the ABC Song _(sing), but I have never heard Alice _(sing) it. We often see him _(surround) by much work. I suddenly felt my confidence _(build) up hearing those words. built surrounded sung sing Jack rushed to school, only to find t
13、he school gate _ (lock). 3. 在“with+宾语+过去分词”结构中。 【观察思考】 The children ran towards us with flowers held in their hands. The boy began to cry with the toy broken into pieces. With his application turned down, he had to find another job. The girl sat there silently with her eyes fixed on the wall. 【探究总结】
14、 with复合结构中的宾语补足语可以采用过去分词形式,此时过去分词与宾语存在逻辑上 的动宾关系。 locked 【应用实践】 单句语法填空。 With all the walls (paint) with bright colours, the room looks rather lively. He is in deep thought, with his head (bury) in his hands. With his hands (raise)high, he seemed to ask me for help. The girl felt very happy, with her homework (praise) by the teacher. 答案答案: painted buried raised praised
