1、1.阶段;舞台n._ 2.总共ad._ 3.因此ad._ 4.乐队n._ 5.现在adv._ 6.有能力的a._ 7.减轻;宽慰n._ 8.治愈v._ 9.先前的a._ 10.浪漫的a._ stage altogether thus band nowadays capable relief cure previous romantic 巨大影响n._ 设备;装备n._ 天赋n._ 假设v._ 添加n._ 疾病n._ 治疗;对待n._ 满足n._ 各种各样的a._ 反应n._ impact equipment talent assume addition disease treatment sa
2、tisfaction various reaction lean v._ rhetorical a._ metapher n._ personification n._ repetition n._ simile n._ outline n._ somehow ad._ 斜靠 修辞的 暗喻 拟人 重复 明喻 概要 不知怎么地 弦乐器_ 虚拟合唱团_ 爱上_ 安装好_ 参加.选拔_ 除.以外_ 从那时起_ 处理;完成_ stringed instrument virtual choir fall in love with set sth up try out for in addition fr
3、om then on get through questioned discouraged Filled have an impact on 对.有巨大影响 reading can have an impact on the way we see the world. 表示影响的其它短语 _ _ _ have an effect on have an influence on make a difference to Section Discovering Useful Structures 过去分过去分 词词(短语短语)作表语和状语作表语和状语 主干图解主干图解 一、过去分词作表语一、过去分
4、词作表语 1过去分词作表语时,总是在连系动词,如过去分词作表语时,总是在连系动词,如 be, appear, seem, look, remain, feel, get 等之后,构成系表结构,表示主语所处等之后,构成系表结构,表示主语所处 的状态或感受,主语多为人。分词所表示的动作与句子的主的状态或感受,主语多为人。分词所表示的动作与句子的主 语之间构成动宾关系。语之间构成动宾关系。 The city is surrounded on three sides by mountains. 这座城市三面环山。这座城市三面环山。 She looked disappointed at the bad
5、news. 听到这个坏消息她看上去很失望。听到这个坏消息她看上去很失望。 In April, thousands of holidaymakers remained stuck abroad due to the volcanic ash cloud. 由于火山灰的原由于火山灰的原因, 四月份仍有成千上万的度假者滞留在因, 四月份仍有成千上万的度假者滞留在 国外。国外。 2过去分词作表语与被动语态的区别:过去分词作表语表示过去分词作表语与被动语态的区别:过去分词作表语表示 主语的状态,而被动语态则表示一个被动的动作。主语的状态,而被动语态则表示一个被动的动作。 This lake is bad
6、ly polluted. 这个湖受到了严重污染。这个湖受到了严重污染。(系表结构,表示状态系表结构,表示状态) This lake is badly polluted by a paper mill. 这个湖被一家造纸厂严重污染了。这个湖被一家造纸厂严重污染了。(被动结构,表示动作被动结构,表示动作) This book is well written. 这本书写得很好。这本书写得很好。(系表结构,表示状态系表结构,表示状态) This book was written by Lu Xun. 这本书是鲁迅写的。这本书是鲁迅写的。(被动结构,表示动作被动结构,表示动作) 即时训练即时训练 1 补
7、全句子补全句子 For those with family members far away, the personal computer and the phone are important in . 对于那些与家人相距遥远的人来说, 个人电脑和电话在保持联对于那些与家人相距遥远的人来说, 个人电脑和电话在保持联 系方面很重要。系方面很重要。 While waiting for the opportunity , Henry did his best to perform his duty. 当等待机会被提升的时候,亨利尽力履行好他的职责。当等待机会被提升的时候,亨利尽力履行好他的职责。
8、staying connected to get promoted We what has been performed. 我们对表演的节目很感兴趣。我们对表演的节目很感兴趣。 The cup Jim. 杯子是吉姆打破的。杯子是吉姆打破的。 are all interested in was broken by 二、过去分词二、过去分词(短语短语)作状语作状语 (一一)过去分词过去分词(短语短语)作状语的类型作状语的类型 过去分词过去分词(短语短语)作状语,可以表示时间、让步、条件、原作状语,可以表示时间、让步、条件、原 因、方式和结果,相当于一个状语从句。其逻辑主语为主句的因、方式和结果,相
9、当于一个状语从句。其逻辑主语为主句的 主语,且与主句主语之间构成逻辑上的动宾关系。主语,且与主句主语之间构成逻辑上的动宾关系。 1作时间状语作时间状语 相当于时间状语从句, 可在过去分词前加上连词相当于时间状语从句, 可在过去分词前加上连词“when, while, until”等,使其时间意义更明确。等,使其时间意义更明确。 When asked for his views about his teaching job, Philip said he found it very interesting and rewarding. 当被问到对教学工作的观点时,菲利普说他觉得它既有趣又当被问到
10、对教学工作的观点时,菲利普说他觉得它既有趣又 有意义。有意义。 2作原因状语作原因状语 相当于原因状语从句或并列句。相当于原因状语从句或并列句。 Absorbed in painting, John didnt notice evening approaching. Because John was absorbed in painting, he didnt notice evening approaching. John was absorbed in painting, so he didnt notice evening approaching. 由于专心画画,约翰没有注意到夜幕正在降
11、临。由于专心画画,约翰没有注意到夜幕正在降临。 3作条件状语作条件状语 相当于条件状语从句,可加连词相当于条件状语从句,可加连词 if, unless 等转换成条等转换成条件状件状 语从句。语从句。 Used with care, one tin will last for six weeks. If it is used with care, one tin will last for six weeks. 如果用得仔细的话,一罐可以使用六周。如果用得仔细的话,一罐可以使用六周。 4作让步状语作让步状语 相当于让步状语从句。有时可加相当于让步状语从句。有时可加 although, thoug
12、h, even if, even though, whether . or 等连词转换成让步状语从句。等连词转换成让步状语从句。 Defeated by his opponent, he never gave up any hope. Although he was defeated by his opponent, he never gave up any hope. 尽管被对手击败,但是他从没放弃希望。尽管被对手击败,但是他从没放弃希望。 5作方式、伴随状语作方式、伴随状语 相当于相当于 and 连接的并列句。连接的并列句。 She accepted the gift, deeply mo
13、ved. She accepted the gift, and she was deeply moved. 她接受了礼物,深深地被感动了。她接受了礼物,深深地被感动了。 名师点津名师点津 有些过去分词有些过去分词(短语短语)因因来源于系表结构,作状语来源于系表结构,作状语 时不强调被动而重在描述主语的状态。 这样的过去分词时不强调被动而重在描述主语的状态。 这样的过去分词(短语短语) 常见的有:常见的有: lost (迷路迷路); seated (坐坐); hidden (躲躲); lost/absorbed in (沉溺于沉溺于);dressed in (穿着穿着);tired of (厌烦
14、厌烦)。 Lost in thought, he didnt hear the bell. 由于陷入沉思之中,他没有听到铃声。由于陷入沉思之中,他没有听到铃声。 即时训练即时训练 2 (1)用所给词的适当形式填空用所给词的适当形式填空 (2019 北京高考北京高考)First _ (celebrate) in 1970, the Day now includes events in more than 190 countries and regions (地区地区) (2019 江苏高考江苏高考)Steve arrived and sat in the front row, _ (surrou
15、nd) by his family. (2015 重 庆 高 考重 庆 高 考 )_ (raise) in the poorest area of Glasgow, he had a long, hard road to becoming a football star. celebrated surrounded Raised _ (found) in the early 20th century, the school keeps on inspiring childrens love of art. _ (translate) into English, the sentence was
16、 found to have an entirely different word order. Founded Translated (2)句型转换句型转换(用过去分词作状语用过去分词作状语) When it is seen from the top of the hill, the town looks more beautiful. Because they were deeply moved by the film, the children began to cry. _ Seen from the top of the hill, the town looks more beaut
17、iful. Deeply moved by the film, the children began to cry. If we were given more time, we could do it much better. The president of the company came to the factory, and he was followed by some workers. Given more time, we could do it much better. The president of the company came to the factory, fol
18、lowed by some workers. (二二)过去分词过去分词(短语短语)作状语时的位置作状语时的位置 过去分词过去分词(短语短语)作条件、原因及时间状语时,通常放在句作条件、原因及时间状语时,通常放在句 首;作伴随、结果状语时,通常放在句末;作方式状语时,一首;作伴随、结果状语时,通常放在句末;作方式状语时,一 般放在句末, 有时也放在句首; 作让步状语时, 一般放在句首,般放在句末, 有时也放在句首; 作让步状语时, 一般放在句首, 有时也放在句末。有时也放在句末。 Told that his mother was ill, Li Lei hurried home quickly.
19、(原因状语原因状语) 被告知母亲生病了,李雷迅速赶回了家。被告知母亲生病了,李雷迅速赶回了家。 The old man walked into the room, supported by his son.(方式状语方式状语) 老人在儿子的搀扶下走进了房间。老人在儿子的搀扶下走进了房间。 (四四)过去分词过去分词(短语短语)与现在分词与现在分词(短语短语)作状语的区别作状语的区别 过去分词过去分词(短语短语)与句子的主语之与句子的主语之间存在逻辑上的动宾关间存在逻辑上的动宾关 系,即表示被动;现在分词系,即表示被动;现在分词(短语短语)与句子的主语之间存在逻辑与句子的主语之间存在逻辑 上的主谓
20、关系,即表示主动。上的主谓关系,即表示主动。 助记助记 分词作状语记忆口诀分词作状语记忆口诀 分词作状语,主语是问题。分词作状语,主语是问题。 前后两动作,共用一主语。前后两动作,共用一主语。 主语找出后,再来判关系。主语找出后,再来判关系。 主动用主动用- ing,被动用,被动用- ed。 Used for a long time, the book looks old.(动宾关系动宾关系) 由于用了很长时间,这本书看上去陈旧。由于用了很长时间,这本书看上去陈旧。 Using the book, I find it very useful.(主谓关系主谓关系) 在使用这本书时,我发现它很有用
21、。在使用这本书时,我发现它很有用。 名师点津名师点津 无论是现在分词还是过去分词,其逻辑主语必须无论是现在分词还是过去分词,其逻辑主语必须 和句子的主语一致。如果不一致,则必须用状语从句、独立主和句子的主语一致。如果不一致,则必须用状语从句、独立主 格结构等其他表达形式。格结构等其他表达形式。 If caught, the police will punish the thief.() If caught, the thief will be punished by the police.() If the thief is caught, the police will punish the
22、 thief.() 即时训练即时训练 4 用所给词的适当形式填空用所给词的适当形式填空 When I was little, my mother used to sit by my bed, _ (tell) me stories till I fell asleep. Where is Jimmy? Just now I saw him sitting under the tree, _ (absorb) in his video games. telling absorbed (三三)过去分词过去分词(短语短语)的独立结构作状语的独立结构作状语 过去分词过去分词(短语短语)作状语时,有时在
23、分词作状语时,有时在分词(短语短语)前加上自己前加上自己 的主语,这种带有自身主语的过去分词的主语,这种带有自身主语的过去分词(短语短语)被称为过去分词被称为过去分词 (短语短语)的独立结构。过去分词的独立结构。过去分词(短语短语)的独立结构在句中作状语的独立结构在句中作状语 时,通常可表示时间、原因、条件等。时,通常可表示时间、原因、条件等。 Much time spent sitting at a desk, office workers are generally troubled by health problems. 很多时间都坐在办公桌旁, 办公室职很多时间都坐在办公桌旁, 办公室
24、职员一般都受到健康问员一般都受到健康问 题的困扰。题的困扰。 1.逗号;2不同主语;3没有连词 The clock striking eleven,I went to bed. 即时训练即时训练 3 用独立主格结构作状语改写句子用独立主格结构作状语改写句子 After the lecture was given, a lively question- and- answer session followed. _, a lively question- and- answer session followed. The factory produced many famous cars, none of which were shipped to foreign countries. The factory produced many famous cars, _ _. Because extra money was given to the poor, he felt very happy. _, he felt very happy. The lecture given none of them shipped to foreign countries Extra money given to the poor