1、中考总复习 语法专题语法专题 专题十四专题十四 宾语从句宾语从句 中考总复习 1 3 知识导图知识导图 2 考点梳理考点梳理 中考特训中考特训 知识导图知识导图 宾语从句是一种名词性从句，在句中作及物动 词的宾语、介词的宾语或形容词的宾语。学习宾语 从句要抓住三要素：连接词、语序和时态。 考点一：引导词 宾语从句是一种名词性从句，在句中作及物动 词的宾语，或介词的宾语，或形容词的宾语。根据 引导宾语从句的不同连词，宾语从句可分为三类。 考点梳理考点梳理 用法 例子 1. 由that引导的 宾语从句。that 只有语法作用， 没有实在的意义， 在口语和非正式 文体中可以省略。 He said （
2、that） he wanted to stay at home. 他说他想待在家里。 Her mother doesnt know （that） she is ill. 她妈妈不知道她病了。 I am sure （that） he will succeed. 我肯定他会成功的。 考点梳理考点梳理 用法 例子 2. 由连接代词who， whom，whose， what，which和连接 副词when，where， why，how引导的宾 语从句。这些连接 代词和连接副词在 宾语从句中充当某 个成分。 Do you know who （whom） they are waiting for？ 你知道
3、他们在等谁吗？ Can you tell me where the No. 3 bus stop is？ 你能告诉我3路车的车站在哪 里吗？ I dont know why the train is late. 我不知道火车为何晚点了。 考点梳理考点梳理 用法 例子 3. 由if或whether引 导的宾语从句。if 和whether在句中的 意思是“是否”，不 能省略。 I want to know if （whether） he lives there. 我想知道他是否住在这里。 He asked me whether （if） I could help him. 他问我是否能帮助他。 考
4、点梳理考点梳理 考点二：语序 用法 例子 宾语从句的语 序应为陈述句 的语序，即： 连接词主语 谓语其 他 I hear （that） physics isnt easy. 我听说物理不容易。 Can you tell me how I can get to the zoo？ 你能告诉我怎么去动物园吗？ Please tell me when well have the meeting. 请告诉我我们什么时候会召开会议。 考点梳理考点梳理 考点三：时态 用法 例子 1. 如果主句的时态是一般 现在时，宾语从句该用什 么时态就用什么时态。 I dont think （that） you are
5、right. 我认为你不是对的。 Please tell us where he is. 请告诉我们他在哪里。 2. 如果主句的时态是一般 过去时，宾语从句只能用 相应的过去时态（一般过 去时，过去进行时，过去 将来时，过去完成时）。 He asked what time the train left. 他 问火车何时离开。 He asked if you had written to Peter. 他问你是否已经写信给彼得了。 考点梳理考点梳理 考点三：时态 用法 例子 3. 如果宾语从句所 陈述的是客观真理， 其时态用一般现在 时。 Our teacher said that Januar
6、y is the first month of the year. 我们老师说一月是一年的第一 个月。 Scientists have proved that the earth turns around the sun. 科学家已经证明地球绕太阳转。 考点梳理考点梳理 注意事项： 1. 宾语从句与复合不定式短语的互换。 当主句与从句人称一致时，疑问词主语谓语 疑问词to do I dont know what I should do. I dont know what to do. 我不知道应该做什么。 2. Could you tell me 不是过去式，是委婉的说法， 相当于Can yo
7、u tell me. ？ Could you tell me how I can get to the post office？ 你能告诉我怎样去邮局吗？ 考点梳理考点梳理 3. 需要注意的几个宾语从句： Could you tell me which is the way to the park？ 你能告诉哪条是去公园的路吗？ Do you know whats wrong with the computer？ 你知道电脑怎么了吗？ Can you tell me what happened to him？ 你能告诉我他发生什么事情了吗？ Do you know whats the matt
8、er with Jenny？ 你知道詹妮怎么了吗？ 以上宾语从句的引导词作为主语，因此从句语序无需改变。 考点梳理考点梳理 4. 注意判断if，它的意思是“如果；是否”，可以是 宾语从句和条件状语从句的连接词。 eg. I dont know if he can help me. （宾语从句） 我不知道他是否会帮我。 If he comes，I will call you. （状语从句） 如果他来，我会打电话给你。 考点梳理考点梳理 5. 注意判断that，可以出现在宾语从句和定语从句 中。 eg. He said that he had bought a sports car for his
9、 son. （宾语从句） 他说他已经买了一辆跑车给他的儿 子。 I like music that I can dance to. （定语从句） 我喜欢我能随着而跳舞的音乐。 考点梳理考点梳理 6. 否定前移 在宾语从句中，当主句谓语动词为think，believe， suppose等，且主语为第一人称时，从句中的否定 意义not应该移到think，believe，suppose前。 eg. I think teenagers should be allowed to choose their own clothes. （改为否定句） I dont think teenagers should
10、 be allowed to drive. 我认为青少年不应该被允许开车。 考点梳理考点梳理 7. if 与whether 的区别：以下情况whether不能与if 互换。 （1）whetheror not； eg. My father asks me whether I go to Beijing or not. 爸爸问我是否去北京。 （2）whether to do； eg. I cant decide whether to leave or to stay. 我不能决定离开还是留下。 考点梳理考点梳理 （3）介词后接whether； eg. Everything depends on w
11、hether it is fine tomorrow. 一切取决于明天是否天晴。 （4）whether放在句首意为“是否”，if 放在句首意 为“如果”。 8. 宾语从句答题技巧（逐步排除法） 先用语序判断，再用时态求证，如有需要再用引 导词及意思去决定。 考点梳理考点梳理 一、语法单项选择。 （ ）1. Have you decided the Expo 2019 Beijing？ This summer holiday. A. how are you going to B. how you are going to C. when are you going to D. when you
12、are going to D 中考特训中考特训 （ ）2. Could you tell me youd like me to pay you？ Youd better use mobile payment. I dont care it is Ali Pay or WeChat Pay. A. how；whether B. how；why C. what；whether D. what；why A 中考特训中考特训 （ ）3. Have you ever thought about ？ Of course. Nothing is a waste if you have a creative
13、mind. A. what can these things put to good use B. how can these things be put to good use C. how these things can be put to good use D. what these things can put to good use C 中考特训中考特训 （ ）4. Can you tell me a meeting in Guangzhou next week？ OK. Let me check it for you. A. if there was going to be B.
14、 if there is going to be C. whether is there going to be D. whether there is going to have B 中考特训中考特训 （ ）5. I wanted to know . It was because I had a small accident on my way to school. A. why were you late again B. why you were late again C. what you did on your way to school D. what did you do on
15、your way to school B 中考特训中考特训 （ ）6. Do you know . At 8：00 am. A. where the library is B. when does the library open every day C. when the library opens every day D. where is the library C 中考特训中考特训 （ ）7. Dear friends，do you remember three years ago？ To realize our dreams. A. why you came here B. why
16、did you come here C. how you came here D. how did you come here A 中考特训中考特训 （ ）8. Sir，its true that being happy is an ability. So can you tell me ？ Yes. Just as President Xi says，“Happiness is achieved through hard work. ” A. how we can find happiness B. who can help achieve happiness C. why is happi
17、ness so important to us D. how can we find happiness A 中考特训中考特训 （ ）9. I dont know during the summer vacation. Any advice？ How about doing some part-time jobs？ A. what should I do B. where should I go C. what I should do D. where I should go C 中考特训中考特训 （ ）10. I wonder in Guangzhou in two hours. Of co
18、urse. The highspeed train is very fast. A. when I can arrive B. when can I arrive C. whether I can arrive D. whether can I arrive C 中考特训中考特训 二、短文填空单句训练。 1. After reaching Shanghais airport， we checked in the hotel. Also， we asked the receptionist（接待员 ） there was a shopping center around here. 2. My
19、teacher told us that light faster than sound. if/whether travels 中考特训中考特训 3. I dont know they will come to my birthday party or not. 4. Her sister is crying. She wants to know . is the matter with her. 5. I am lost. Can you tell me is the way to the Center Museum？ whether what which 中考特训中考特训 三、小语篇训练
20、。 There was a woman in Detroit， who had two sons. She was worried about them， especially the younger one， Ben， because he was not doing well in school. Boys in his class made jokes about him because he seemed so slow. The mother decided 1 she herself would have to get her sons to do better in school
21、. She told them to go to the Detroit Public Library to read a book a week and do a report about it for her. 中考特训中考特训 One day， in Bens class， the teacher held up a rock and asked 2 anyone knew it. Ben put up his hand and the teacher let him stand. They wondered 3 Ben raised his hand. He never said an
22、ything before. So they also wanted to know 4 he could possibly want to say. 中考特训中考特训 Well， Ben not only knew the rock but also said a lot about it. He named other rocks in its group and even knew 5 the teacher had found it. The teacher and the students were surprised. Ben had learned all this from o
23、ne of his book reports. 中考特训中考特训 Ben later went to the top of his class. When he finished high school， he went to Yale University and at last became one of the best doctors in the United States. After Ben grew up， he learned something about his mother that he did not know as a child. His mother neve
24、r learned how to read. What a great mother！ 中考特训中考特训 （ ）1. A. that B. where C. which D. how （ ）2. A. why B. how C. if D. what （ ）3. A. what B. why C. how D. that （ ）4. A. what B. how C. which D. that （ ）5. A. whether B. which C. where D. why C A A B C 中考特训中考特训 四、语法选择。 Tom shook his money box again.
25、Nothing！ He put all 1 coins on the bed and carefully counted them. All that he had was $20. 5. He wanted a bicycle， but it was at least $60. 2 . could he get the rest of the money？ He knew that his friends all had bicycles. It was hard to hang out with people since he was the only one 中考特训中考特训 witho
26、ut a bicycle. He thought about 3 . He couldnt get money from his parents， 4 he knew they didnt have enough money. There was only one way to get money， and that was to earn it by 5 . He had to find a job. He decided to ask Mr. Green for 6 . 中考特训中考特训 “Well， you can start right here，” said Mr. Green. “
27、You see， my windows need 7 and my car needs washing”. That was the beginning of Toms part-time job. For the next three days， he worked 8 every day after finishing his homework. He took dogs for walks and cleaned rooms. 中考特训中考特训 The day finally came when Tom got his money and found it was $82. He was
28、ted no time and went down to the shop to buy the bicycle he wanted. He rode home proudly， looking forward 9 showing his new bicycle to his friends. Tom liked his bicycle very much because he had bought it with his own money. At last， his dream came true. His parents were proud of him， 10 . 中考特训中考特训
29、（ ）1. A. / B. the C. a D. an （ ）2. A. What B. How C. Who D. What time （ ）3. A. how could he do B. how he could do C. what could he do D. what he could do （ ）4. A. because B. but C. so D. although （ ）5. A. him B. his C. himself D. he B B D A C 中考特训中考特训 （ ）6. A. advices B. advice C. suggest D. suggestion （ ）7. A. clean B. to clean C. cleaning D. cleaned （ ）8. A. hard B. hardly C. easy D. easily （ ）9. A. to B. at C. in D. on （ ）10. A. either B. neither C. too D. also B C A A C 中考特训中考特训
