1、中考总复习 语法专题语法专题 专题一专题一 名词名词 中考总复习 1 3 知识导图知识导图 2 考点梳理考点梳理 中考特训中考特训 知识导图知识导图 名词（Noun）表示人或事物名称的词。从形式上进行分类， 可以分为专有名词和普通名词两大类。从意义上划分，可分 为个体名词、集体名词、物质名词和抽象名词四类。 名 词 专 有 名 词 人名、地名、 国名 Jim Smith，Mount Tai，Shanghai， China 组织、团体、 机构、报刊 WTO（世贸），China Daily（中国日 报） 时间、语言、 月份、节日 Monday，Chinese，January，Spring Fest
2、ival 由普通名词构 成的专有名词， 一般前面加the the Great Wall，the United States 考点梳理考点梳理 名 词 普 通 名 词 可数 名词 个体名词 country，girl，desk，doctor 集体名词 family，police，team，people，group 不可 数名 词 物质名词 wood，cotton，water 抽象名词 happiness，love，sadness，health 考点梳理考点梳理 考点一：可数名词变复数的规则变化，一般在词考点一：可数名词变复数的规则变化，一般在词 尾加尾加s 规则变化 例子 1. 一般情况，直接加s
3、 books，cats 2. 以字母s，x，ch，sh等结 尾的名词复数，在词尾加es buses，boxes，matches， watches 3. 以“辅音字母y”结尾的名 词复数，先变y为i，再加es cities，babies，families， factories，strawberries 考点梳理考点梳理 续表 规则变化 例子 4. 以字母o结尾的名词 复数，一般在词尾加s photos，pianos，radios，zoos， kilos 特例：The heroes like potatoes and tomatoes. 英雄喜欢土豆和西红柿。 5. 以f或fe结尾的名词复 数，把
4、f或fe变为v，再 加es lives，knives，leaves，wolves， thieves，wives，shelves 特例：scarfs/scarves 考点梳理考点梳理 考点二：部分可数名词变复数时的不规则情况 不规则变化 例子 “某国人”的单复数变化 Chinese，Japanese，Swiss， Englishmen，Frenchmen， Americans，Germans（巧记： 中日瑞士不变，英法变，其 他一律加s。） 单复数同形 sheepsheep，deerdeer， fishfish 考点梳理考点梳理 考点二：部分可数名词变复数时的不规则情况 不规则变化 例子 元音或
5、词尾发生变化 manmen，womanwomen， footfeet，goosegeese toothteeth，childchildren, mousemice 复合名词单复数变化：最 后一个词改为复数；含 man或woman的复合名词， 前后两词都改为复数 1. apple trees，boy students， flower shops 2. women doctors，men teachers 字母、数字、引语或缩略词 变复数，一般在词后面加s， 也可以加s 1890s/1890s（19世纪90年 代） 考点梳理考点梳理 考点三：不可数名词 常考的不可数 名词 fun，news，inf
6、ormation，advice，weather， homework，work，housework，time， money，paper，traffic 肉类 meat，beef，mutton，pork 液体类 a glass of water/milk，a cup of tea/coffee 物质材料类 wood，plastic，steel，cotton，silver，sand， silk 考点梳理考点梳理 注意：不可数名词没有复数形式，也不能直接与具 体数字或a，an 连用。如：an advice （），six news（ ）等。如果不可数名词要表示一定的数 量，则在其前加数量词表示。如：a
7、bottle of water （一瓶水），four pieces of paper（四张纸）. 在这 种情况下，后面谓语动词与量词有关。如：A bottle of water is not enough. But three bottles of water are OK. 考点梳理考点梳理 考点四：名词所有格 规则 例子 一般在名词词尾加“s” Toms notebook 汤姆的笔记本 Fathers/Mothers Day 父亲/母亲节 以s结尾的复数名词所有格， 直接在词尾加“” Teachers Day 教师节 of所有格表示无生命的名词 所有格 the window of the
8、room 房间的窗户 考点梳理考点梳理 续表 不规则变化 例子 双重所有格 a friend of my mothers （one of my mothers friends） a friend of mine 我的一个朋友 and连接的名词所有格： 如果某物为两人共有，只 在后面的名词词尾加“s”； 如果表示各自拥有，则两 个名词都要加“s” Lily and Lucys mother 莉莉与露西的妈妈（共有的） Toms and Jims mothers 汤姆与吉姆的妈妈（各自的） 考点梳理考点梳理 续表 不规则变化 例子 表示时间、距离、城市、 国家、团体、机构等方面 的名词所有格，也可
9、以在 其后加“s” twenty minutes walk 20分钟的路程 todays newspaper 今天的报纸 Americas problems 美国的问题 表示商铺、某人的家、诊 所或餐馆等的名词所有格， 其后的名词常省略。 at the doctors 在诊所 at my uncles 在我叔叔家 考点梳理考点梳理 注意：用介词to表示所属关系的几个常见搭配： the answer to the question，the key to the door，the way to school。 考点梳理考点梳理 考点五：名词的量化表达 试比较：a box of eggs exper
10、iences B. experience; experience C. experiences; experiences D. experiences; experience A 中考特训中考特训 （ ）10. I want to be a when I grow up because I really enjoy the feeling of flying in the sky. A. pilot B. dancer C. singer D. engineer A 中考特训中考特训 二、短文填空单句训练。 1. People used to send out sky lanterns to
11、ask for help when in , but now sky lanterns are used for celebrating festivals. 2. The house is too small and there is no . for this fridge. 3. Finally, they got married and lived a happy . trouble/danger room life 中考特训中考特训 4. Every year，thousands of tourists from all over the world come to visit th
12、e place of . 5. I want to go to the school to borrow some books. Would you like to go with me? 6. Lily has a sweet . She wants to be a singer in the future. 7. As the saying goes, “The roses in her hand, the flavor in mine. ” So we are supposed to give a to others when they are in trouble. interest
13、library voice hand 中考特训中考特训 三、小语篇训练。 On a cold November afternoon, my mother and I were walking back home from a pizza store. We had bought many things. We were dressed warmly, and I was feeling a little tired as I was carrying our shopping 1 . I decided to throw something away. I was walking toward
14、s a 2 when I noticed a poor man walking out of the restaurant in front of us. He headed 中考特训中考特训 over to the nearby dustbin and started looking through it. I suddenly felt very sorry because I was about to throw away a new drink just because it was too heavy. I walked up to him and handed the drink
15、and some 3 over to him, which surprised him. The man said I gave him a 4 . A huge smile appeared on his 中考特训中考特训 face. Seeing that, I lost myself in 5 . Then he said, “Wow, this is my sons lucky day. ” The look of that mans happiness appears in my mind whenever I have the chance to do something nice
16、. This is the power of 6 . I believe that I will never forget what happened that day. 中考特训中考特训 （ ）1. A. bag B. list C. bill D. center （ ）2. A. dustbins B. dustbin C. supermarket D. supermarkets （ ）3. A. a bread B. piece of bread C. bread D. breads A B C 中考特训中考特训 （ ）4. A. surprised B. surprise C. sur
17、prising D. surprisingly （ ）5. A. happiness B. danger C. trouble D. difficulty （ ）6. A. feeling B. friendship C. knowledge D. kindness D A B 中考特训中考特训 四、语法选择。 Wuhan is a beautiful, large and very important city in China. It is 1 capital city of Hubei. However, a big fight is going on there. Since Dece
18、mber 2019, 2 thousands of COVID19 cases both in and out of China. People 3 say no to a handshake, give up high fives, refuse kisses on the cheek and definitely avoid hugging. 中考特训中考特训 All around the world, people are changing their daily habits at work and at home 4 the risk of contracting the coron
19、avirus and prevent it 5 . spreading. Chinese people have to stay indoors during the coronavirus outbreak. Thanks to food deliveries and the people 6 prepare and deliver them, they can have hot meals. Many people want to make sure that 中考特训中考特训 while 7 food is hot, the people who offer it are not. 8
20、， many restaurants provide a “reassurance guarantee” slip（外卖安心卡） with the temperatures of the cooks, food packagers and couriers. “These couriers（送餐员） have become the heroes of China together with the medical workers，” said Shaun Rein, managing director of China Market Research Group. Meituan gives
21、its couriers a card that 中考特训中考特训 records their temperature and whether they have done the daily disinfecting（消毒） of their delivery box. Eleme（饿了么） does the 9 . In Beijing, newspapers 10 with advice over how to replace handshaking. Red billboards tell people not to shake hands but to join their own
22、hands together in a sign of greeting. Loudspeakers tell people to make the traditional gong shou gesture （a fist in the opposite palm） to say hello. 中考特训中考特训 （ ）1. A. a B. an C. the D. / （ ）2. A. there is B. there have been C. there are D. there be （ ）3. A. could B. may C. would D. have to （ ）4. A.
23、reduce B. reducing C. reduced D. to reduce （ ）5. A. to B. with C. from D. for C B D D C 中考特训中考特训 （ ）6. A. who B. what C. which D. whom （ ）7. A. they B. their C. them D. theirs （ ）8. A. However B. Though C. So D. Because （ ）9. A. different B. difference C. differently D. more different （ ）10. A. is full B. are full C. are filled D. is filled A B C B C 中考特训中考特训
