1、现在完成时回顾现在完成时回顾 1.完成时与过去时的区别 现在完成时（属于现在时态范畴）：（属于现在时态范畴）： 1)1)表示过去发生的动作表示过去发生的动作/ /事情对现在或将来产生的影事情对现在或将来产生的影 响响/结果结果( (非延续性非延续性v.) )-动作结束动作结束, ,影响尚存影响尚存, ,不提不提 过去的时间过去的时间, ,强调这种影响强调这种影响/结果现仍存在。结果现仍存在。( (凡有凡有 过去时过去时, ,必用过去式必用过去式) )现在完成时绝不现在完成时绝不+ +过去时间。过去时间。 2)2)也表示某一动作也表示某一动作/ /状态从过去开始一直持续到现在状态从过去开始一直持
2、续到现在 （对现在有影响，（对现在有影响，延续性延续性v.）。）。 一般过去时(+(+过去时间过去时间) )： 表示发生在过去的动作表示发生在过去的动作/ /状态状态, ,着眼点在过去，只着眼点在过去，只 说明过去的情况说明过去的情况, ,不涉及与现在的关系不涉及与现在的关系, ,+ +过去时间过去时间。 I have lost my keys. (影响影响：I have no keys now. 我丢钥匙了。我丢钥匙了。 /I cant open the door. 现在钥现在钥 匙还没找到，若找到了，就不能用完成时匙还没找到，若找到了，就不能用完成时) I lost my keys yes
3、terday. (只单纯叙述昨天丢钥匙这只单纯叙述昨天丢钥匙这 回事，与现在没有关系回事，与现在没有关系) Ive seen the film. (影响：我不想再看影响：我不想再看/我了解故事我了解故事 我看过这部影片。我看过这部影片。 情节情节,你不用讲了你不用讲了etc.) I saw the film last week. (单纯叙述上周看电影这件单纯叙述上周看电影这件 事，没有言外之意事，没有言外之意) Who has opened the window? 谁把窗户打开了？谁把窗户打开了？ （现在窗户还开着）（现在窗户还开着） Who opened the window? (指过去开了
4、窗，现在指过去开了窗，现在 谁开的窗？谁开的窗？ 是开是关，没说明是开是关，没说明) He has taught us since I came to this school. (影响：He still teaches us now.) 2. 完成时与过去时态的搭配：完成时与过去时态的搭配： 回答完成时问句, 用完成时简答, 再用过去时补充说明具 体情况：-Have you visited the Great Wall? -Yes, I have. I visited it last year. 3. 与完成时连用的时间状语与完成时连用的时间状语 完成时不+ +过去时间过去时间，但可+模糊的过
5、去时间：already, yet, just, before, always, ever, never, once, twice;以及 从过去延续到现在并包括现在在内的一段时间：today, this morning /year, these days, recently近来, in the past/last few /30 years, since then/I came here, up to now, so far, by now等。 Ive already finished the work (already). (pp前/句尾,肯 ) Have you finished the w
6、ork yet? (句尾, 否/疑) Have you finished the work already? (疑问句: 惊奇) He has just come here. (pp前,肯/疑) Have you ever ridden a horse? (pp前,疑) No, but I have ridden a camel before. (句尾,肯/疑/否) I have never talked to a foreigner. (pp前, 陈述/疑) Ive always been interested in collecting stamps. 我一向对集邮感兴趣。 She has
7、 seen the film twice. 这部影片她已看过两次了. 4.4.for /since表示时间表示时间 (+(+完成时完成时: :延续性动词延续性动词) ) for +时间段时间段 since+时间点时间点（从过去某一时间点起到现在）（从过去某一时间点起到现在） I lived in Sicily for 18 years. Ive lived in England now for almost 30 years. Ive lived here since 1993. 注注: 非延动词不非延动词不+for/since (但其否定式可以但其否定式可以)；与；与for/since 连用
8、时连用时,非延续性非延续性v.要改为延续要改为延续v或表示状态或表示状态 的词语：的词语： He has come here for 2 days. () (has been) She hasnt come here for 2 days. () (非延非延v否定式表状态否定式表状态,动作的不发生是可持续的动作的不发生是可持续的 =延续性延续性v) 非延续性v. 延续性v. go /go to school be there /be at school leave be away (from) come be here arrive /get to/reach be here/there be
9、gin /start be on, last持续持续 borrow keep buy have become /get /turn be close /open be closed /be open catch a cold have a cold 方法方法: 把非延把非延v直接变成延续性直接变成延续性v, 或或be+名名/形形/副副 /介短介短 非延续性v. 延续性v. die be dead fall ill be ill finish be over join be in; be a member get to know know get /receive the letter have
10、 the letter get up be up lose be missing /lost put on wear; be in marry / get married be married Practice Choose the best answer. 1. Both his parents look sad. Maybe they _ whats happened to him . A. knew B. have known C. must know D. will know 2. The famous writer _ one new book in the past two yea
11、rs. A. is writing B. was writing C. wrote D. has written 3. Our country _ a lot so far. Yes. I hope it will be even _. A. has changed; well B. changed; good C. has changed; better D. changed; better 4. What are you going to do this Sunday? I _ yet. A. wont decide B. didnt decide C. havent decided D.
12、 dont decide 5. _ you _your homework yet? Yes, I _. I _ it a moment ago. A. Did; do; did; finished B. Have; done; have; finished C. Have; done; have; have finished D. will; do; will; finish 6. Harry Potter is a very nice film. I_ it twice. A. will see B. have seen C. saw D. see have/has been to/inha
13、ve/has been to/in与与have/has gone tohave/has gone to不能混用不能混用 1.“have/has been to1.“have/has been to地名地名” ”，表示，表示“ “曾曾经经去去过过某地某地” ”， ， 说话时说话时人已不在某地，常与人已不在某地，常与onceonce（一次），（一次），twicetwice（两次），（两次）， nevernever（从不），（从不），everever（曾（曾经经）等）等连连用。用。不能与不能与for /sincefor /since 时间时间状状语连语连用用 eg.Have you ever bee
14、n to West Hill Farm？ （你曾经去过西山农场吗？）（你曾经去过西山农场吗？） No，Ive never been there before. （没有。我以前从未去过那里（没有。我以前从未去过那里) 2.have/has been in2.have/has been in表示表示“ “已在某地或已在某地多久了已在某地或已在某地多久了” ”， ， 其后接表示地点的副其后接表示地点的副词词herehere， ，there,homethere,home等等时时，介，介词应词应 省略。省略。可以与可以与for /since/how long for /since/how long 等等
15、时时 间间段段连连用用 eg.She went to Shanghai last summer，she has been there for about one year. (她她去年夏天去了上海，在那里大约一年了）去年夏天去了上海，在那里大约一年了） 3.“have/has gone to3.“have/has gone to地点地点” ”表示去了某地，表示去了某地，强调强调人已人已 经经离开离开说话说话地点；可能再去某地的路上，也可能在某地。地点；可能再去某地的路上，也可能在某地。 主主语语常常为为第三人称。第三人称。不能与不能与for for /since/since/howlongho
16、wlong 时间时间状状语连语连用用 eg.Wheres Jim？（吉姆在哪里（吉姆在哪里?） Hes gone to England with his family. （他和家人一起去英格兰了）（他和家人一起去英格兰了） Exercise 1. Miss Brown, we _ cleaning our classroom. Can we go home now? A.finish B.finishing C.are finished D.have finished 2.Will you see the film Cinderella with us tonight? No, I _it l
17、ast week. A. see B. have seen C. saw 3. Where are the flowers? You see, someone _ them to the window. A.moves B.had moved C.has moved D.would move 4. I _the book Little Woman, but Ill let you read it first. A.havent read B.dont read C.wont read Type original p.t p.p cut cut cut hit hit hit cost cost
18、 cost hurt hurt hurt put put put read read read AAA meet met met keep kept kept make made made bring brought brought buy bought bought fight fought fought think thought thought teach taught taught tell told told lend lent lent spend spent spent find found found hear heard heard build built built ABB
19、 begin began begun sing sang sung drink drank drunk swim swam swum speak spoke spoken choose chose chosen know knew known forget forgot forgotten break broke broken drive drove driven give gave given eat ate eaten write wrote written ABC see saw seen go went gone take took taken ride rode ridden wak
20、e woke waken grow grew grown draw drew drawn hide hid hidden ABC 你能找出错误吗？你能找出错误吗？ 1. How long have you begun to study English? 2. He has caught a cold for a week. 3. The river has become very dirty since last August. 4. My father has got to Beijing since last week. 5. He has gone out for two years.
21、studied had a cold been been in been 1.他离开他离开10 分钟了。分钟了。 2. 她借这本书一星期了。她借这本书一星期了。 3. 我祖母去世我祖母去世2 年了。年了。 4. 我父母结婚二十年了。我父母结婚二十年了。 5. 电影电影5分钟前就已经开演了。分钟前就已经开演了。 6. 我的父亲自从我的父亲自从1969年就入党了。年就入党了。 He has been away for 10 minutes. She has kept the book for a week. My grandma has been dead for 2 years. My pare
22、nts have been married for 20 years. The film has been on since 5 minutes ago. My father has been in the Party since 1969. 译一译译一译 注意注意: come, go , leave, arrive, buy, die, join, receive 和和marry 等动词所表示的动作是一等动词所表示的动作是一 时的时的, 不能延续不能延续, 故不能与故不能与for since 等开头的等开头的 表示一段时间的状语连用。表示一段时间的状语连用。不过不过, 这些词用于否这些词用于
23、否 定句则可以与表示持续的时间状语连用，即定句则可以与表示持续的时间状语连用，即动作动作 的不发生是可以持续的的不发生是可以持续的。 练习： 1. 1. MomMom，l l the Great Wall in the last two the Great Wall in the last two years .years . WellWell，l will take you there next month.l will take you there next month. A.dont visitA.dont visit B.wont visitB.wont visit C.havent
24、visitedC.havent visited D.didnt visitD.didnt visit C 2.Miss Brown2.Miss Brown， ，we cleaning our we cleaning our classroom.Can we go home nowclassroom.Can we go home now？ A.finishA.finish B.finishingB.finishing C.are finishedC.are finished D.have finishedD.have finished D D 3.l the book 3.l the book
25、Little Women， ，but but llllll let you let you read it first. read it first. A.haventA.havent readread B.dontB.dont readread C.wontC.wont readread A A 4.Yang Jiang4.Yang Jiang， ，a famous female writera famous female writer， ， for for about a month so far.about a month so far. A.diedA.died B.has been
26、deadB.has been dead C.has been diedC.has been died B 5.The water dark and 5.The water dark and dirty.ltsdirty.lts no longer no longer safe to drink.safe to drink. A.becameA.became B.hasB.has becomebecome C.willC.will becomebecome D.wasD.was becomingbecoming B 6. 6. DaveDave， ，we will leave in 10 minuteswe will leave in 10 minutes。 。Are you Are you readyready？ NoNo， ，l our guide book and towels yet.l our guide book and towels yet. A.dont packA.dont pack B.didnt packB.didnt pack C.have packedC.have packed D.havent packedD.havent packed D
