1、人教版八年级下册人教版八年级下册 unit 7 核心考点归纳核心考点归纳 【短语】【短语】 随意地做某事 feel free to do sth. 实现某人的梦想 achieve ones dream 出生时 at birth 处于危险之中 be in danger 据我所知 as far as I know 其他任何一座山 any other mountain 每两年 every two years 濒危动物 endangered animals 砍伐森林 cut down the forests 虽然；尽管 even though 大熊猫越来越少 fewer and fewer panda
2、s 摔倒 fall over 有某人/物正在做某 There be sb/sth doing. 撞到某人 walk into sb. 绵延 run along 兴奋地跑过去 run over with excitement 放弃做某事 give up doing sth. 面对 in the face of 最古老的国家之一 one of the oldest countries 最.的.之一 one of the +形容词最高级+可数名词复数 在所有的咸水湖中 of all the salt lakes 保护.使不受；防御 protect.from/against+doing 呼吸空气 ta
3、ke in air 的重要性 the importance of 最高的山脉 the highest mountain 世界上最.的.是什么？Whats the+形容词最高级+名词 in the world? 【语法】【语法】 （一一）形容词和副词的比较级和最高级）形容词和副词的比较级和最高级 形容词比较级的变化规则。 I. 规则变化 构成法构成法 原级原级 比较级比较级 最高级最高级 单音节词+er/est tall taller tallest warm warmerr warmest 以不发音 e 结尾的词+r/st wide wider widest large larger larg
4、est 单个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音 节词，双写末尾辅音字母+er/est big bigger biggest hot hotter hottest 以辅音字母+y 结尾的词，变 y 为 i+er/est heavy heavier heaviest busy busier busiest 多音节词在前面+more/most important more important most important beautiful more beautiful most beautiful II. 不规则变化 原级 比较级 最高级 good/well better best bad/badly/ill
5、 worse worst old older/elder oldest/eldest many/much more most little less least far farther/further farthest/furthest 形容词比较级用法。 I. 比较级用于两者进行比较，结构为“A is 比较级 than B”。 Our garden is much bigger than theirs.我们的花园比他们的大的多。 He listens to the teacher more carefully than before. 他听讲比以前更认真了了。 II. 表示两者之间选择， 用
6、“which/who is 比较级， A or B？”表示“两者之间较 之一”时，用“the + 比较级”结构。 He is the fatter of the two. 他是两人中较胖的那个。 Which is nearer to the sun, the moon or the earth? 哪个离太阳更近，月球还是地球？ III.“越来越”用“比较级 and 比较级”结构，多音节和部分双音节词用“more and more 原级”。 This is becoming more and more important. 这变得越来越重要了。 The environment is becomi
7、ng cleaner and cleaner . 环境越来越干净了。 IV. 表示“越越”时，用“the+比较级，the+比较级”结构。 The more careful you are, the more points you will get. 你越细心，得分越多。 形容词最高级用法。 I. 表示三者及以上人或物进行比较时用最高级， 结构为“the + 最高级+in/of + 范 围”。 She is the most beautiful girl in the class. 她是班上最美的女孩。 The picture is the best of all. 这幅画是所有画中最好的。 I
8、I. 表示在三者及以上之间选择，用“which/who is the+最高级，A, B or C？”。 Who is the tallest, Tom, Kate or Bill? 汤姆、凯特、比尔，谁最高？ III. 表示“最之一”用“one of the 最高级+可数名词复数”。 She is one of the most popular teachers in our school. 她是我们学校最受欢迎的老 师之一。 IV. 形容词最高级前面加序数词，表示“第几”。 She is the second tallest girl in our class. 她是我班上第二高的女孩。 V
9、. 比较级和最高级之间的互换。 He is taller than any other boy in our class. = He is taller than the other boys in our class. = He is the tallest boy in our class. 注意比较以下两个句子： Shanghai is larger than any other city in China.（范围之内） = Shanghai is larger than any city in Japan.（范围之外） （二二）基数词）基数词 I. 基数词的构成。 基数词 1-12 是
10、独立的单词。 one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve 基数词 13-19 是在个位数后面加-teen 构成 其中 thirteen, fifteen, eighteen 是不规则变化。 thirteen, fourteen, fifteen, sixteen, seventeen, eighteen, nineteen 整十的基数词 20-90 是在个位数词后面加-ty 构成 其中 twenty, thirty, forty, fifty, eighty 是不规则变化。 twenty,
11、thirty, forty, fifty, sixty, seventy, eighty, ninety 非整十基数词 21-99 是在十位数后面加上个位数构成，中间加上连字符“-”。 twenty-one, seventy-six, eighty-eight 三位数以上的基数词，百位数和十位数之间用 and 连接。 two hundred and one, three thousand five hundred and fourteen 英语中没有“万”和“亿”这两个单位，在表示“万”和“亿”时，把“万”念成 10 个千， “十万”念成 100 个千，“亿”念成 100 个百万以此类推。 1
12、0,000：ten thousand 100,000: a hundred thousand 100,000,000: a hundred million 35, 845: thirty-five thousand, eight hundred and forty-five II. hundred, thousand, million 和 billion 的用法。 hundred, thousand, million 和 billion 等表示确切数字时，只用其单数形式； 但是在表示不确切数字时，要用其复数形式，并且与 of 连用，表示约数。 形式如下： 确数：基数词+hundred/thou
13、sand/million/billion+pl. 约数：hundreds/thousands/millions/billions+pl. There are more than three thousand students in our school. 一年有三百多天。 Thousands of tress are cut down every year. 每年都有成千上万的树被砍倒。 III. 基数词表示编号 例如： Lesson Five (the fifth lesson) 第五课 Room 306 306 房间 Page Twelve (the twelfth page) 第十二页
14、Class One, Grade Six 六年级一班 【重点语句分析】【重点语句分析】 weighs 5,0000 kilos weigh 此处作动词，表示“有重”，名词是 weight。 The baby weighed about 5 kilometres. What is his weight? It is also very hard to take in air as you get near the top. take in 意为“吸收”。 Do you know how plants take in water?你知道植物时如何吸收水分的吗？ A panda can live u
15、p to. up to 表示“达到（某种数量或者程度）” The theatre can hold up to 500 people.这个影院能容纳达 500 人 【拓展】be up to sb.“由某人决定” You can leave today or tomorrow. It is up to you. 你可以今天或明天离开，看你。 about 9,600,000 square kilometres in size . square 用作形容词，表示“平方的”，用于数字后面表示面积。 Our new house is 95 square metres in size.我们的新房子九十平米
16、。 The first Chinese team did so in 1960, while the first woman to succeed was Junko Tabei from Japan in 1975. succeed 表示“成功”， 常用的结构为： succeed to do sth.或者 succeed in doing sth.“成 功做成某事”。 The climbers succeeded to get to the top of the mountain in the end. =The climbers succeeded in getting to the to
17、p of the mountain in the end. 这些攀登者最终成功登顶。 Panda keepers are preparing milk for the baby pandas breakfast. prepare for sth.“为做准备” They are preparing for the party tonight. prepare.for.“为准备” We should prepare some sweets for Childrens Day. be prepared for“为作准备” The players are well prepared for the m
18、atch. The main reason was to protect their part of the country. protect 表示“保护”时，常用的结构为：protect.from.“保护免受”。 Humans should do something to protect the environment. 人类应该做一些事情来保护环境。 The sunglasses will protect you from sunshine. 太阳镜会保护你免受阳光伤害。 Another 300 or so live in zoos or research centers in China
19、 and other countries. or so 意为“大约”，放在数量词后面，表示大约的概念。 There are 30 workers or so in the factory. 这个工厂有大约三十名工人。 China has the biggest population in the world. population 表示“人口”，是集合名词 对人口数量提问时，用 what 而不用 how many/much population 若作主语，强调整体概念时，谓语用单数形式；强调个体时，谓语用 复数形式。 Whats the population in China now?中国现在
20、的人口是多少？ The population of this small town is three thousand.这座小镇的人口是三千。 More than one fifth of the population of the country are over 60 years old. 这个国家超过三分之一的人口都是 60 多岁的。 This elephant weighs many times more than this panda. “倍数+比较级+than”表示“比大/多多少倍”。 The room looks three times bigger than that one.
21、 这个房间看起来是那个的三倍大 One of the worlds most dangerous sports is mountain climbing, and one of the most popular places for this is the Himalayas. “one of+the+形容词最高级+复数可数名词”指在某一个范围内“最之一” 作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。 Mary is one of the best students in our class.玛丽是我们班上最好的学生之一。 At 9:00 a.m., they find that most of the b
22、abies are already awake and hungry. awake 用作形容词，表示“醒着的”，反义词是 asleep。 Is the baby asleep or awake?孩子睡了还是醒着？ Even more serious difficulties include freezing weather conditions and heavy storms. include 表示“包含、包括”，强调一个整体里面包含一些部分 including 常用作介词，表示“包括”。 The book includes eight units.这本书包含八个单元 He has many
23、 friends, including Tom.他有许多朋友，包括汤姆 Why do so many people try to climb this mountain even though it is dangerous. even though 意为“即使、虽然”，相当于 even if，引导让步状语从句。 Even though Frank left school at 16, he still became a successful writer. 尽管弗朗克 16 岁就辍学了，他仍然成为了一名成功作家。 At birth, a baby panda is about. at bir
24、th 表示“出生时”。 The baby weighed three kilos at birth. 这个婴儿出生时重 3 千克。 1,025 meters deep. 英语中常见的长宽高的表达方式为： 基数词+单位词+形容词(long, wide, high, deep)。 The rope is two meters long.这条绳子两米长。 One of the main reasons is that people want to challenge themselves in the face of difficulties. (1)challenge 意为“挑战、考验”，chal
25、lenge sb. to (do) sth.表示“向某 人挑战做某事”。 He challenged me to play chess.他向我挑战下棋。 (2)in the face 意为“面对（问题或者困难）” They showed courage in the face of danger.他们临危不惧。 Qomolangma is higher than any other mountain in the world. any other 意为“其他任何一个”，后接可数名词单数，常用于比较级结构中，表示 最高级含义，可与“the other+可数名词复数”或者 the others 互
26、换。 Peter runs faster than any other student/the other students/the others in his class. 彼得比班上任何学生跑得都快。 As far as I know, there are no other man-made objects as big as this. as far as I know 意为“就我所知、我认为”，相当于 as far as I am concerned。 As far as I know, hell be away for three months. 就我所知，他将离开三个月。 The spirit these climbers shows us that we should never give up trying to achieve our dreams. achieve 用作动词，表示“达到、完成、成功”。以人作主语 I believe you will achieve your dream in the end.我相信你最终会实现梦想。 注意：come true 也是“实现”，但其主语为“梦想、计划”等物。 I believe your dream will come true in the end.
