1、七年级下册语法专题七年级下册语法专题-常用方位介词与短语常用方位介词与短语 课前练习课前练习 一、一、单单项项选选择择。 1. Your computer is _ to the door. A. behind B. on C. in D. next 2 The map is _ the wall _ our classroom. A. on; on B. of; on C. on; at D. on; of 3 Look! The window is _ the wall and the picture is _ the wall. A. on; on B. in; in C. in; on
2、 D. on; in 4 Where is my ball? I cant see it. Look! Its _ the door. A. on B. in C. at D. behind 5. Sally is very happy. There is a big smile _ her face. A. on B. to C. in D. at 6. My father is ill (生病), He is _. A. in bed B. in the bed C. on bed D. on the bed 7. There is a map of China _ the wall in
3、 the classroom. A. in B. on C. under D. at 8. There are three windows _ the wall. Ain B. on C. at D. to 9. There are many oranges _ the tree. A bird _ the tree is eating an orange. A. in; on B. on; on C. in; in D. on; in 10. What time do you usually go to bed? I usually go to bed _ 11:00. A. in B. o
4、n C. at D. for 11. We can see _ old bike _ the tree. A. a; under B. the; at C. an; in D. an; under 12. My hats and coats are _. A. on the bed B. under desk C. in room D. under the my bed 13. He put up a map _ the back wall because there was a hole _ it. A. on; on B. at; in C. on; in D. on; at 14. Do
5、nt read _ the sun. A. at B. under C. with D. in 15. The boat is passing_ the bridge. A. through B. below C. under D. across 答案：答案： 一、一、单项选择单项选择。 1. D。本句子是考查介词的用法，但是，介词behind，on，in的后面用冠词the和名词、冠 词、介词短语，不和to连用，所以本句子是用形容词next和to连用表示“紧挨着、在旁边” 的意思。 2. D。本句子用介词on和冠词the，名词wall构成介词短语表示“在墙上”的意思，后面用 介词of构成名词所
6、有格，表示所属关系，表示无生命的名词所有格的形式用of，而不用s 形式。 3. C。本句子是考查介词的用法，表示在某物的表面之上用介词on；表示在某物内部用 介词in。窗户是在墙的里面所以用介词in；画是贴在墙的表面上，与墙接触，所以用介 词on。 4. D。从对话前面的句子I cant see it.和问句可以判断后面的句子是用介词behind表示“在 门的后面”，所以选择D是比较符合对话的上下句子意思和情景。 5. A。句意：“Sally 非常开心，她脸上满脸微笑。”“在上”用介词 on。 6. A。in bed 表示“卧床（睡觉）”，此时 bed 前无需加冠词。 7. B。 地图在墙上，
7、故用介词 on。 8. A。窗户是嵌在墙里面的，故应该用介词 in。 9. D。长在树上的东西用 on；外来的东西用 in。 10. C。点钟前用介词 at。 11. D。句意：“我们可以看见树下有一辆旧自行车。”；“一辆自行车”，故选不定冠词， 用因为 old 以原音开头，所以选 an; “在底下”用介词“under”。 12. A。可数名词的前面应该加冠词，所以排除 B，C 项；已经有代词修饰时前面不用再 加冠词，故排除 D 项；因此选 A。 13. C。地图在墙的表面用介词 on；洞是在墙里面，用介词 in。 14. D。句意：“不要在阳光下读书。”；在阳光下不用 under 用 in。
8、 15. C。船从桥下经过，用介词 under。 专项语法讲练专项语法讲练常用方位介词常用方位介词和短语和短语 【概念引入概念引入】 本单元学习介词定冠词the名词构成介词短语的用法， 介词后面可以跟名词和代 词做宾语，构成介词短语。今天我们主要学习一下用来表示方位的介词和介词短语。 【用法讲解】【用法讲解】 1. on 介词on表示“在某物之上”的意思，它通常表示一个物体在另一个物体之表面上面。两 者之间有接触。 例如：Your book is on the desk. 你的书在课桌上面。 There is a ball on the floor. 地板上有个球。 拓展拓展：above 和和
9、 over的的区别区别 on指的有接触面的上面，但是over和above都是没有接触面的上面。 over“在正上方”，与under相对。 例如：There is a bridge over the river. 河上有一座桥。 The picture is hanging over the blackboard. 那张图挂在黑板的正上方。 above只表示“在上方或位置高出”，不一定是正上方，与below相对。 例如：A plane flew above our heads. 一架飞机从我们头上飞过。 The Turners live above us. 特纳一家人住在我们的上面。 2. in
10、 介词in表示“在某物的里面”，它通常表示一个物体在另外一个物体的内部、中间 或者在某个范围之内。 例如：Your pen is in the pencil case. 你的钢笔在铅笔盒里面。 She is the tallest in her class. 她是她们班最高的。 3. under 介词under表示“在某物的下面”，它通常表示一个物体在另外一个物体的垂直正下 面，两者之间没有接触。 例如：My bike is under the tree. 我的自行车在树的下面。 The shoes are under the chair. 鞋在椅子的下面。 拓展拓展：under和和below
11、 的区别的区别 under表示“在之下”， 通常表示位置处于正下方， 与介词over“在上方”相对应。 例如： There is a book under the table. 桌子下面有一本书。 A cat is sitting under the table.一只猫在桌子下面。 below表示“在之下”，“在的下游”，与介词above相对应，常指在某物体之下， 但不一定在该物的正下方。 例如：He is below the average at school.他的学习成绩在水准以下。 He looked down at the hall below. 他瞧了瞧下面的大厅。 4. behin
12、d 介词behind表示“在某物的后面”，它通常表示一个物体在另外一个物体的后面。 例如：Your brother is behind the tree. 你的弟弟在树的后面。 She is standing behind her mother. 她站在她妈妈的后面。 5. next to next to是由形容词next和介词to构成的介词短语表示“紧挨着、在某物的旁边”的意 思。 例如：The table is next to the wall. 桌子紧挨着墙。 6. between 介词between表示某个物体、某人位于两者之间，通常表示一个人、物处于另外两 个人、物之间。 例如：Yo
13、ur desk is between the door and the window. 你的课桌位于门和窗户之间。 Lily sits between Mary and Ann. 丽丽坐在玛丽和安中间。 拓展：拓展：between 和和 among 的区别的区别 between 指两者之间, among 指三者或三者以上的人或物之间。 例如：The teacher is among the students.老师在学生们中间。 7. outside outside指“在外面” 例如：There are many people outside the room. 房间外有很多人。 What di
14、d you see outside the hall? 你在大厅外看见了什么？ 8near near在附近，与far相对 例如：A hospital was built near the railway station.在火车站附近建了一所医院。 My home is near the school. 我的家离学校很近。 9in front of, in the front of in front of在前面 , in the front of表示“在前部”，指里面。 例如：A river flows in front of the house.房子前有一条河。 There is a boy
15、in the front of the car. 车的前座坐着一个小男孩。 10. around around在周围，围绕 例如：There are many trees around the village.村子周围有很多树围绕。 There are flowers around the stage. 舞台周围摆着鲜花。 11. at “at”意为“在”，可以用在地点前也可以用在时间前。 例如：Lets meet at the school gate. 我们在学校门口见面吧。 I get up at seven oclock. 我七点起床。 【巩固练习巩固练习】 一、一、把下列词组翻译成英语
16、。把下列词组翻译成英语。 1. 在沙发上_ 2. 在桌子底下_ 3.在你的背包里_ 4. 在抽屉里_ 5. 在教室（外部）前面_ 【真题链接】【真题链接】 1. My green ring is in the room. What about yours? _. A. Its red B. Its on the table C. Its Alices 2. There are 30 classrooms _ our school. Mine is _ the second floor. A. on; in B. in; in C. in; on D. on; on 3. I have a fr
17、iend and my friend is _ China. A. in B. at C. on D. under 二、二、用适当的介词填空。用适当的介词填空。 1. A boy is _ the tree. 2. Can you pick(摘) the apples _ the tree? 3. There is a picture _ the wall. 4. There are two windows _ the wall. 5. I live _ Shanghai. 三、三、阅读短文回答问题。阅读短文回答问题。 Toms room Its small but nice. A compu
18、ter and some CDs are on the desk. His backpack is on the wall. The ID card is on his bed. The shoes are under the bed. A baseball is on the floor. Sallys room Its very nice. The new pictures are on the wall. Her desk is near the window. Some flowers are on the desk. Where is her schoolbag? Oh, its o
19、n the chair. We cant see a hat on the bed, but we can see Mimi, her cat. The twins room Its big and nice. Two pencil cases are on the desk. Many books are on the bookcase. Its a big bed near the bookcase. One backpack is on the floor, and the other is on the chair. The jackets are behind the door. A
20、 picture of their father and mother is on the wall. 1. Toms ID card is _ his bed, and his shoes are _ the bed. 2. Sallys cat is _ her bed. Her schoolbag is _ the chair. 3. The bookcase is _ the twins room. The big bed is _ the door. 4. Two pencil cases are _ the chair in the twins room. 5. A picture
21、 of the twins parents is_ the wall. 【答案与解析】【答案与解析】 一、一、 把下列词组翻译成英语。把下列词组翻译成英语。 1. on the sofa 2. under the table 3. in your backpack 4. in the drawer 5. in front of the classroom 【真题链接】【真题链接】 1. B。由问句“你的耳环在哪？”可知，选择 B，表示方位，意为“在桌子上” 。 2.C。表示“在学校里” ，用介词 in；表示“在第几层楼上” ，用介词 on。 3.A。表示“在中国” ，用介词 in。 二、二、用
22、适当的介词填空。用适当的介词填空。 1. 不是树上结的果实，表示某物在树上是要用 in。 2. 树上结的果实“在树上”要用 on。 3. 墙表面的上面，用介词 on。 4. 窗户是镶嵌在墙里的，故用介词 in。 5. 住在哪里，用介词 in。 三、三、阅读短文回答问题。阅读短文回答问题。 1. on; under 2. on; on 3. in; behind 4. on 5. on 课后综合训练课后综合训练 .单项选择单项选择。 1. Go _the forest, and you can see a wooden house by the river. A. over B across C
23、. on D. through 2. The boy was taller than Tina. He was sitting _Tina. So Tina couldnt see the blackboard at all. A. behind B. in front of C. beside D. next to 3. I live far away from the school. I think the best way to go to school is by _subway. A. a B. an C. the D. / 4. We can know some informati
24、on about the ancient history in the _. A. factory B. square C. museum D. pool 5. Could you please tell me how I can _the nearest bookstore? Sorry, I am also a stranger here. A. arrive B. get C. reach at D. get to 6. The journey will _me about two weeks. A. spend B. take C. pay D. cost 7. I got on th
25、e bus, but I didnt know where the London Zoo was. So I asked the driver where I should _the bus. A. get off B. get on C. get out D. get up 8. _is it from our school to the airport? About half an hours walk. A. How far B. How often C. How long D. How soon 9. _ Its next to the bus stop. A. Is there a
26、library near here? B. How fat is it? C. Where is the library? D. How can I get to the library? 10. We went for a picture _a clear day. A. at B. for C. in D. on 11._ took us three hours to finish the work. A. We B. The work C. They D. It 12. Here _ some paintings of the famous painter. A. have B. has
27、 C. are D. is 13. Excuse me, where can I buy flowers? You can buy them in the _. A. cinema B. bookstore C. flower store D. hospital 14. I wanted to take the boat, but my sister preferred to take the train. We dont know _to get there. A. when B. where C. how D. what 15. Though I am on the boat, I don
28、t know where to _ . A. get on B. get off C. get in D. get out 【真题链接】 1. Hello! Could I speak to Betty，please? Hello! _ ACan you help me? B Are you OK? CThis is Betty speaking DHave a nice day 2. Hello, Joyce, you are busy. Can I give you a hand? Thanks very much, _ I can manage. A. and B. or C. so D
29、. but 3Mum, the train is leaving in eight minutesI go now. Okay, Jim, call me when you get there. Amay Bmust Ccan . 完形填空完形填空。 Traffic rules(规则) help to keep people 1 The pedestrian(行人) has as many rules to 2 as the driver of a carYou should walk on the sidewalk(人行道)Always be careful 3 you walk acros
30、s the roadIf you like riding a bike，dont ride in the middle of the road or run 4 red traffic lights When you ride a bike with a friend， dont look around If you drive a car， you should 5 at the traffic lightsYou must always 6 a seat belt(安全带)Without belts， both the driver and the passengers may be 7
31、8 if you take a bus Get on or get off a bus only when it comes to a 9 when it is full，dont try to get inside 10 you may fall 1Ahealthy Bsafe Chappy 2Afollow Bmake Cbreak 3Abecause Bafter Cwhen 4Athrough Bacross Calong 5Adrive fast Bgo down Cslow down(减速) 6Atake Bwear Ccarry 7Asafe Bin danger Chappy
32、8ALook around BTake care CTake a seat 9Astreet Bstop Ccorner 10Aand Bso Cor . 阅读理解阅读理解。 A When I was a boy， I liked swimming best One year， I spent the summer holiday with my uncle，aunt and their two sons in their house by the seaTheir house was only one hundred meters from the sea Their two sons al
33、so liked swimming shorts(短裤) after breakfast， ran to the sea and jumped inWe were in the sea or on the sand most of the time until late at nightMy aunt cooked food for usWhen she rang a bell，we went back to the house for foodBut when we finished our meal，we went back to the sea again The water was w
34、arm and the sun was bright every dayIn most days there were no waves(海浪)In the middle of the day wind began to blow，but it was not strongIn our holiday strong wind blew for three timesThat made very big waves on the seaIt was very beautiful 1What did the write like best when he was a boy? _ 2How man
35、y children does the writers uncle have? _ 3How far was the house from the sea? _ 4Who cooked for the children? _ 5How many time did the strong wind blow during the holiday? _ B New York City isnt the biggest city in the world，but it is the biggest city in the USA Most Americans live in much smaller
36、cities and towns， but almost 8 million people live in New YorkWhy did so many people come to live in one place? A look at the city shows us that New York City has a very good port(商埠)The Dutch(荷兰) settlers (new comers) wanted to use it for businessIn 1626，the Dutch paid(付钱) the Indians twenty-four d
37、ollars for the island of Manhattan Its Dutch name was New Amsterdam Then the British took the land in 1664 and changed its name to New York The United States became an independent(独立的) country in 1783，and New York was its capital for a short timeThe city became so crowded that some people moved out
38、to other areas(places)But more people from everywhere went on coming into the city every day 6Which of them is the biggest city in the United States? A. New York. B. Washington. C. New Amsterdam. D. Chicago 7. more and more people from different countries in the world come into New York because _. A
39、New York has the largest population in the United States BNew York is as beautiful as a picture CNew York is a developing city Dthey think it is a good place for business 8. The underlined word “took” means _ A花费 B耕耘 C占领 D测量 9. The United States became an independent country in _ A. sixteen century
40、B. the seventeenth C. the eighteenth century D. the nineteenth century 10. From the passage we can know_. Amuch about Dutch Bhow the Dutch took New Amsterdam Csome of the history of New York Dhow the people from different countries come to the USA . 书面表达书面表达。 假如你校有几位来自美国的交换生，他们打算周末步行去翠湖公园。请根据提示为他 们写
41、出前往的路线，并简介公园情况。 要点提示：1路线（见下图） ； 2公园环境优美、凉爽，还可游泳、野餐等； 3 要求： 1词数：80词左右，开头已给出，不计入总词数。 2文中不能出现自己的姓名和所在学校的名称。 Cuihu Park is not far from here. Its easy to get there. Just go straight_ _ _ _ _ 【答案与解析答案与解析】 . 单项选择单项选择。 1. D。 “穿越森林”要用 through。 2. B。由“那个男孩比蒂娜高”以及“所以蒂娜根本看不见黑板”可推断那个男孩坐在蒂 娜的“前面” 。 3. D。 “by+交通工
42、具”短语中，交通工具前不加任何冠词。 4. C。 由 “know some information about the ancient history” 可知， 对应的场所应该是 museum。 5. D。get，arrive 是不及物动词，而 reach 是及物动词。 6. B。主语为 the journey，故要用 take。cost 一般表示花钱，而不是花时间。 7. A。本题的语境为“我上车了，但不知道伦敦动物园在哪里，所以就问司机我应该在哪 里下车” ，由此可知答案为 A。 8. A。由答语可知问的是路程。 9. C。结合答语可知问句问的是具体方位。故选 C。 10. D。on a
43、clear ay 意为“在晴朗的一天” 。 11. D。考查句型“It takes sb. . to do sth.” ，此句中用的是 take 的过去式 took。 12. C。 考查 “here+be+主语” 结构的倒装句。 主语是 some paintings， 故对应的 be 动词 要 用 are。 13. C。结合题干中的 buy flowers 可知答案为 C。 14. C。结合题干中的“我想坐船，但我妹妹想坐火车”可知所缺的词是 how。 15. B。根据“尽管我在船上，但我不知道在哪里” ，可推断出不知道在哪里下船。get on 指“上（车、飞机等） ” ；get off “下
44、（车、飞机等） ” ；get in“进入, 收获，达到” ；get out“泄露，公布” 。 . 完形填空完形填空。 1B。交通规则是为了保证人们的安全， “keep sb. safe”意为“保证某人安全” 。 2A。follow 在此意思为“遵循，遵守” 。 3C。根据常理，过马路时要小心。 4A。through 意思为“通过（障碍、阶段或测试） ” ，across 意思为“穿过平面的物体” ， along 意思为 “沿着” 。 此处 “闯红灯” 指的是通过 （障碍、 阶段或测试） ， 故用 through。 5C。遇见交通灯当然要减速。 6B。表示“系安全带”用动词 wear。 7B。不系
45、安全带可能对司机和乘客都很危险，故用 in danger。 8B。look around 意思为“向四周看” ，take care 意思为“小心，当心” ，take a seat 意思为 “坐下” 根据语境用 take care。 9B。表示“公交车站”用 stop，指只有站牌的那种。 10C。 or 在此意思为“否则” 。 . 阅读理解阅读理解。 A 篇篇 1He liked swimming best 2Two 3Only one hundred metres from the sea 4The aunt 5For 3 times B 篇篇 6. A。由文中第一段第一句可知。 7. D。由
46、文中第二段可知。 8. C。根据第二段 New York 的发展史可以猜出。 9. C。由文中第三段第一句可知。 10. C。通读全文可知本文讲的是纽约的一部分发展史。 C 篇篇 11. B。根据第二格中“SCIENCE MUSEUM Open: Mon. to Fri. 9:00 am5:00 pm(Tuesday free)”可知星期二去科学博物馆是免费的，故选 B。 12. A。 根据第一格中 “SPRING RESTAURANT Sat. 7:30am2:00pm and 5:00 pm- -9:30 pm” 可知在星期六下午三点不能去春天餐厅，故选 A。 13.C。根据第四格中 “H
47、UATAI HOTEL Address: West Road Coffee shop: Mon. to Fri. 6:00 a.m. Sat. and Sun. 7:00 a.m.” 可知想在周末早早喝咖啡可以去西一路，所以该选 C。 14. D。根据第四格中 “HUATAI HOTEL Address: Thurs. to Sat. to 11:00 p.m.” 可知华泰酒店在 星期四晚上十点后还开门，所以该选 D。 . 书面表达书面表达。 Cuihu Park is not far from here. Its easy to get there. Just go straight and turn right at the first c
