1、非谓语动词（一） 高一英语 一、非谓语动词的概念（即什么是非谓语动词） 顾名思义，非谓语动词是指句子中不作谓语的动词 （关键词：1.是动词。2.不作谓语） 二、非谓语的基本形式 1.doing 现在分词（作定语，状语，补语时） 动名词（作主语，宾语，表语时） 2.to do 动词不定式 3.done 过去分词 三、句法功能（即在句中可以作哪些成分） 根据概念定义，非谓语在句中能作除了谓语以外的 所有成分。（即主宾表定状补） 非谓语动词的形式 1. 主语主语 1. 作主语时，一般情况下，选择动名词doing或不定式to do 都可以。 (一般首选动名词doing) Hesitating mean
2、s failure. =To hesitate means failure. Thinking of you makes me old. =To think of you makes me old. Knowing oneself is difficult. =To know oneself is difficult. 2. 动名词多强调抽象的，概念性的动作，可以是多次的， 经常性的动作。 不定式多强调具体的动作，尤其是某一次的动作。 Playing with fire is dangerous. 玩火危险。(泛指玩火) To play with fire is dangerous. (一次具
3、体的动作) 3. 非谓语作主语时，表主动可以用 doing，to do, 表 被动时用being done 或to be done。 注意：不定式作主语时，往往由it代替它作形式主语 Being misunderstood is terrible.=To be misunderstood is terrible Being laughed at in public is really a terrible experience. To be invited to your party is a great honor to me. It means failure to hesitate. I
4、t makes me old to think of you. 常用不定式做主语的句型有： （1）Its difficult (important, necessary) for sb. to do sth. （2）Its kind (good, friendly, polite, careless, rude, cruel, clever, foolish, brave) of sb. to do sth. 常用动名词做主语的句型有： Its no good (use, fun) doing. Its (a) waste of time (ones) doing. Its necessary
5、 for you to lock the car when you do not use it. It is no use debating with him, because he will never change his mind. practice 1. _ (get)there by bike will take us half an hour. 2. _ (save)money now seems impossible. 3. _ (save)money for emergency is a good habit. 4. Its our duty _ (take)good care
6、 of the old. 5. How long did it take you _ (finish) the work? To get To save Saving to take to finish practice 6. It is difficult for us _ (finish) writing the composition in a quarter of an hour. 7. _ (make) the same mistake twice was unforgivable. 8. It seemed selfish of him _ (give) them anything
7、. 9. It is no use _ (cry) over spilt milk. 10. It s a waste of time _ (argue) about it. 11. There is no point _ (have) wishes if you dont at least try to do them. to finish To have made not to give crying arguing having 做主语 一阶： to do/ doing 多用doing 二阶：to do 具体的，一次的 doing 抽象的， 概念性的 三阶： 被动形式 2. 表语表语 1
8、. 不定式作表语常用来说明主语的具体内容，特别是表示将来的动作 。动名词多强调抽象的，概念性的动作，可以是多次的，经常性的动 作，也可表主语的性质和特征。 What I would suggest is to start work at once. Our work is serving the people. 2. 如果主语是不定式，表语也是不定式；主语是动名词，表语也是动 名词 To see is to believe./ Seeing is believing. To work means to earn a living工作就是为了生活。 3. 表示将来的，计划的，有目的的事情多用不定
9、式作表语，构成be to do 结构 4. 表主动可以用 doing，to do, 表被动时用being done 或to be done 1. His favorite sport is swimming.（泛指游泳） 2. To do two things at a time is to do neither-次做两件事等 于 未做。 3. Your task today is to wash the curtains.（一次具体的工作） 4. The purpose of education is to develop a fine personality in children.（表目
10、的） 5. He was to go out when his friend came to visit him.（计划， 打算，安排） 6. You are to be rewarded.（应授奖励，表被动） 7. It is nowhere to be found.（表被动） practice 1. To be kind to the enemy is _ (be) cruel to the people. 2. My chief purpose is _ (point) out the difficulties of the matter. 3. What he likes is _ (
11、take) a walk after supper. 4. What I would suggest is _ (put) off the meeting. 5. The story told by my little brother is _ really (touch) to be to point taking to put touching practice 6. The question is how_ (put) it into practice. 7. The report is so _ (inspire) that we are so _ (excite). 8. He se
12、ems _ (live) here for three years. 9. Her wish is _ (become) an engineer. to put inspiring excited to have lived to become 做表语 一阶：to do 具体的，将来的 doing 抽象的，性质，特征 二阶：跟主语形式保持一致 三阶： 有计划的，有目的 被动形式 3.作宾语 1. 英语中大多数动词既可跟不定式，也可跟动名词 作直接宾语 2. 作宾语时与作主语用法一样，都相当于一个名词 （故doing称之为动名词），表主动可以用 doing， to do, 表被动时用being
13、done 或to be done。介词 后的宾语只能用doing或being done。 常跟动名词doing作宾语的动词有： admit, finish, avoid, practice, enjoy,excuse, miss(错过), imagine, appreciate, delay,deny, mind, suggest, postpone, risk, resist, ban 等 等。 He admitted taking the watch. I appreciate her devoting herself to the cause of education.(her devo
14、ting 逻辑主语) The government has banned logging to protect the environment. He couldnt imagine being cheated by his best friend. She did this to avoid being misunderstood by others. 【口诀记忆】【口诀记忆】 考虑建议盼原谅， 避免错过继续练，否认完成就欣赏 禁止想象才冒险， 不禁介意准逃亡 介词或介词短语有： go on, insist on, think of, put off, because of, pay att
15、ention to, look forward to, be keen on, be fond of, aim at, be afraid of, be engaged in, have a passion for，feel like, consist in等等，这些短语都 是以介词结尾，后边都要跟doing She left without saying goodbye to us. True happiness consists in being content with oneself. I am looking forward to seeing you. He was afraid
16、of being cheated by his friends. 常跟不定式to do作宾语的动词有： agree, decline, refuse, attempt, promise, offer, decide, hope, intend, expect, pretend, fail, wish, want, volunteer, prepare, tend, claim, learn, desire, manage, long, plan, dare等等。 She longed to go back to her hometown. I cant afford to take piano
17、 lessons. He pretended to be killed by the bear. I expected to be praised by my teacher. 既可以跟动名词作宾语，又可以跟不定式作宾语的动词有： forget, remember, regret, try, mean此时，要考虑二者的区别。 I will try to help you.(尽力) I try helping you.(尝试) I cant afford to take piano lessons. He pretended to be killed by the bear. I expecte
18、d to be praised by my teacher. He pretended to be working when the boss came in. 记忆口诀： 同意提出做计划， 要求答应来帮忙。 准备决定早拒绝，敢于选择有希望， 不能做到莫假装， 设法做成决心坚。 注意：make, find, consider, feel, think等动词后如 果是不定式作宾语，补语是形容词或名词，那么， 常用it 作形式宾语，把不定式移后。即我们所学的 重点句型： make/ find/ feel/ consider/ think it +a/ n (for sb) to do sth (仍
19、然称之为不定式作宾语 ) I find it difficult to work with him. I feel it useless to argue with her. He made it a rule to get up early. practice 1. The driver failed _ (see) the other car in time. 2. I happen _ (know) the answer to your question. 3. Bill suggested _ (hold) a meeting on what to do for the Expo du
20、ring the vacation. 4. He feels it his duty _ (help) the poor. 5. I had great difficulty _ (find) the suitable food on the menu in that restaurant 6. I would appreciate _ (you call) back this afternoon. to see to know holding to help finding you calling practice 7. I dont remember _(he tell) us about
21、 it. 8. We think it quite important for us _(learn) a foreign language well. 9. David refused _(accept) my invitation. 10. They built a wall to avoid soil _ (wash away) 11. We cant afford _ (wait) 12. How did you manage _ (persuade) him? his telling to learn to accept being washed away to wait to pe
22、rsuade 做宾语 一阶：只能接doing的词，只能接 to do 的词 二阶：介词的宾语、只能接doing的短语 三阶：it 做形式宾语，固定句式结构 宾语补足语 宾语补足语是指在英语中有些及物动词后边接了宾语意义 仍然不完整，还需要对其宾语作做补充说明的一些成分。 例如：want sb to do 中want 是谓语动词，sb是宾语，而to do 就是sb 补足语。非谓语作宾语补足语大多都是固定结构 常跟不定式to do作宾语补足语的动词有： allow, ask, encourage, forbid, remind, like, want, order, tell, expect, c
23、ause, invite等等. He asked his parents to help him. What caused her to give up her studies? He likes his wife to dress well. 后接非谓语作宾补的常见词汇，常见考点汇总 1. With With +sb/ sth+doing(主动,进行)/done(被动，完成)/to do(主 被动均可，表将来) With my teacher helping me, I believe my English will improve. With a lot of problems settl
24、ed, he was happy. With a lot of problems to settle, he was not happy. With time going by = as time goes by/ went by 2.在感官动词后作宾语补足语。 感官动词see, notice, observe, watch, look at ,hear, listen to, feel I heard her sing an English song.听见她唱了一首英语歌。 I heard her singing an English song.听见她在唱一首英语 歌。 I heard an
25、 English song sung by her.英语歌被唱。 I would like to see the plan carried out. 3.在使役动词make, have, get, let 后作宾补 make sb/ sth do（主动）/ done（被动） let sb/ sth do（主动）/ be done（被动）(后跟动词原形) have sb/ sth do（主动）/ done（被动）/doing get +宾语+to do/doing/done He made his workers work 12 hours a day. He tried to make him
26、self understood. Tom had his leg broken while playing football He succeeded in having the machine running again. He got me to post the letter for him. 4. 动词动词leave, keep, find, catch 加非谓语动词作宾补加非谓语动词作宾补 主动doing，被动done。 leave +宾语+to do 留下将要做 He was caught stealing sth. Mum went to work, leaving her ba
27、by crying at home. Mum went to work, leaving the food untouched. It is wrong to keep the machine running. You should keep me informed of the news. Without saying a word, my friend left, leaving me to conduct the band alone. 1. I heard someone _(knock) at the door when I was watching TV. 2. Have you
28、heard someone _(knock) at the door ? knocking knock Fill in blanks. 3. She feels herself _(get) younger and younger. 4. I usually have my hair _(cut) once a month. 5. He found his hometown _ (change). getting cut changed 6. She couldnt get her car _(start). 7. Do you see a girl _(dress) in red? 8. W
29、e watched the plane _(take) off at the airport. 9. I fell down and broke three of my teeth. I wonder how many times I have to come here and get my false teeth _ (fix). to start dressed take fixed 10. We are pleased to see the problem _ (settle) so quickly. 11. There was so much noise in the room tha
30、t the speaker couldnt make himself _ (hear). 12. With the money _ (lose), he couldnt buy any ticket. lost settled heard 13. With winter _ (come) on, its time to buy warm clothes. 14. Ive never heard the word _ (use) in spoken English. 15. The foreigner tried his best, but he still couldnt make his p
31、oint _ (understand). understood coming used practice 16. Before he came to London, he had never heard a single English word _ (speak). 17. I held the little bird in my hand and felt its heart _ (jump). 18. The teacher got the students _ (look up) all the words they didnt know. 19. She was glad to se
32、e her child well _ (take) care of. 20. He was caught _ (cheat) in the exam and was punished. spoken jumping to look up taken cheating 做宾补 一阶：1感 2 听 3 使 4 看 二阶：v. +宾语+ to do / doing / done / with的复合 结构 三阶： 部分动词用法：get/ leave/catch/find 等 题组一题组一 非谓语动词作主语、宾语、表语、补语非谓语动词作主语、宾语、表语、补语 1.(2019山东济南济钢高级中学一模,70
33、)Strongly promoted by those fashionable women, (taste) tea gradually became popular among the upper class of Britain. 2.(2019北京丰台二模,5)There are different kinds of parrots, but they all have strong beaks and feet, which they use for (climb) and holding food. 答案答案 tasting 分析句子结构可知,设空处应用动名词作主语。 答案答案 cl
34、imbing 介词for后加动名词形式,因此填写climbing。 3. (2019北京东城期末,6)He kept (debate) with them about the topic, but they would not change their minds. 4.(2019浙江名校协作体联考,64)The method of (hide) exact meanings is called coding. (编码) 答案答案 debating keep doing sth.一直做某事,故填写debating。 答案答案 hiding 介词后面用动名词作宾语,故答案为hiding。 5.(
35、2019山东青岛5月二模,62)There are many reasons why college and university students often fail (get) full nights of sleep. 6.(2019山东潍坊5月二模,70) The university, however, says it has considered gaokao scores for years, requiring a student (rank) in the top 0.1 percent on the test in their province. 答案答案 to get
36、考查动词不定式作宾语。fail to do sth.未能做某 事。故填to get。 答案答案 to rank 考查非谓语动词作宾补。require sb. to do sth.意 为“要求某人做某事”。 题组二题组二 非谓语动词作主语、宾语、表语、补语非谓语动词作主语、宾语、表语、补语 1.(2019山东青岛5月二模,67)This includes difficulty focusing on studies or (control) ones emotions, and increases risk of many diseases. 2.(2019北京西城期末,5)Legos are
37、popular with kids. But (make) them can hurt the environment. 答案答案 controlling 此处为difficulty(in)doing sth.的用法。由or可知, 此处与focusing并列。故填controlling。 答案 making/to make 此处应使用动词不定式或动名词作主语, 因此填写making或to make。 3. (2019山东德州5月二模,68) Successful as the TV drama is, some critics say that some plots are too unrea
38、listic, or even uglify elderly parents by (put) every possible bad quality of old people into one character. 4.(2019北京石景山期末,10)He was dreaming of (work) for an international company. Then his dream came true. Now hes working for a German hi-tech company. 5.(2019北京东城二模,6)The opportunity to learn from
39、 them is what drives some people (apply) to university. 答案 putting 设空处作介词by的宾语,故用动名词形式。by doing sth.通过。 答案 working 非谓语动词作介词 of 的宾语 答案 to apply 非谓语动词作宾补。drive sb. to do sth.驱使某人做某 事,因此填写to apply。 题组三题组三 非谓语动词作主语、宾语、表语、补语非谓语动词作主语、宾语、表语、补语 1. (2018天津,12)I didnt mean (eat)anything but the ice cream look
40、ed so good that I couldnt help trying it. 2. (2017江苏,30)A quick review of successes and failures at the end of year will help （shape）your year ahead. 答案 to eat 非谓语动词作宾语。mean to do sth.打算做某事;mean doing sth.意味着做某事。此处表示打算做某事,mean后须加不定式作宾语。 答案 shape 此处所填单词作help的宾语,由help sb.(to)do sth.结 构可知用shape。 3.(201
41、6浙江,19)I had as much fun sailing the seas as I now do (work)with students. 4. (2014陕西,12)Its quite hot today.Do you feel like (go)for a swim? 答案 working 句中do代替have fun, have fun doing sth.做 某事很开心。 答案 going 非谓语动词作宾语。feel like doing sth.想要做某事 。非谓语动词表示的动作并未在谓语动词的动作之前发生,所以 不能填having gone。 5.(2015安徽,27)
42、(ignore) the difference between the two research findings will be one of the worst mistakes you make. 6.(2014安徽,32) While waiting for the opportunity to get (promote) , Henry did his best to perform his duty. 答案 Ignoring/ To ignore 动名词或不定式作主语。 答案 promoted. promote与主语是逻辑上的被动关 系，考查使役动词get 的用法get done.
43、 7.(2014湖南,23) (understand) your own needs and styles of communication is as important as learning to convey your affection and emotions. 8.(2015陕西,18) Back from his two-year medical service in Africa, Dr.Lee was very happy to see his mother (take) good care of at home. 答案 Understanding 动名词作主语。 答案 t
44、aken mother与take之间是被动关系，考查see sb done 的用法。 9.(2013 陕西,13) Let those in need (understand) that we will go all out to help them. 10.(2015浙江,18）Listening to music at home is one thing, going to hear it (perform) live is quite another. 答案 understand those 与understand是主动关系。考查 使役动词let 的用法let sb do. 答案 being performed it 代指音乐，与perform是被动关系。 考查hear sth being done 结构。 Homework 1. 整理背诵本节课所讲内容 2. 完成今天练习
