1、选择性必修一选择性必修一 Unit 5 Working the land A Pioneer for All People devote vt. 把献（给）；把专用于；专心于 1. Considerable resources have been devoted to proving him a liar. 为了证明他是个骗子已投入了相当多的人力和财力。 2. After her marriage, she couldnt devote herself totally to her music. 她结婚之后无法全力倾注于音乐 【拓展】【拓展】 devoteto (doing) sth. 把用于
2、；献身；致力；专心 devote oneself to (doing) sth. 献身于；致力于 devoted adj. 挚爱的；忠实的，忠诚的 be devoted to 致力于 devotion n. 奉献；关照；忠诚 convince v. 使相信；使确信；说服 1. Although I soon convinced him of my innocence, I think he still has serious doubts about my sanity. 尽管我很快就使他相信我是清白的，但是他还是非常怀疑我精神是否正常。 2. His mother has been tryi
3、ng to convince him to see a doctor. 他妈妈试图劝说他去看医生 【拓展】【拓展】 convince sb. to do sth. 说服某人做某事 convince sb. of sth. 使某人相信某事 adj. convinced 确信的；深信的 convincing 令人信服的；有说服力的 be convinced of 相信 conventional adj. 传统的；习惯的 1. “Have you had your meal?” is a conventional greeting in China. “您吃了吗？”是中国传统的打招呼方式。 2. A
4、lthough we can now pay online, some people still prefer the conventional method of cash. 尽管我们现在可以线上支付了，部分人仍然喜欢传统的现金支付方式。 【拓展】【拓展】 social conventional 社会传统 conventional method 常规方法 conventional industries 传统产业 【辨析】【辨析】 usual 普通用词，概念广泛。指经常发生或意料中的事，既可指自然发生的现象，也可 指按个人习惯或惯例而做的事。 habitual 指按个人习惯反复发生的事情。侧重
5、经常性、习惯性。 regular 着重遵守约定俗成的规则。 conventional 语气强，指遵守已成习惯的事情，强调符合惯例，由人们普遍认可。 I need to stand on the bus as usual. They waited for his habitual response. The regular opening hours are on the paper. The conventional practice flourishes in the United States. shortage v. 不足；缺少；短缺 1. Vietnam is suffering fr
6、om food shortage. 越南正遭受食品短缺之苦。 2. There is a shortage of council housing. 廉租公房房源不足。 【拓展】【拓展】 lack, absence, shortage, scarcity 这些名词均含“缺乏，不足”之意。 lack: 普通用词，指部分或完全的不足。 absence: 指某物根本不存在或完全短缺，或某人虽存在，但未到现场。 shortage: 指不足，但侧重达不到规定的，需要的或已知应有的数量。 scarcity: 指产量不足或缺乏某物难以应付或满足需要。 1. What concerned him most wa
7、s that farmers often had poor harvests. 2. How this could be done was a challenge at that time. 3. What impresses people most about Yuan Longping is his ongoing ability to fullfil his dreams. 主语从句主语从句 一、概念一、概念 主语从句：在复合句中作主句的主语 例如： That she was chosen made us very happy. 她当选了使我们很高兴。 What caused the a
8、ccident is a complete mystery. 是什么导致了这次事故还完全是一个谜。 Whether she will come or not is still a question. 她是否来还是一个问题。 Which team will win the match is still unknown. 哪个队会赢得这场比赛还不知道。 Whoever comes to the party will receive a present. 参加聚会的每一个人都将收到一份礼 物。 When they will start has not been decided yet. 他们何时出发
9、还没决定。 注意注意：上述例句中的主语从句都是放在句首，但有时为了使句子结构平衡，避免“头重 脚轻”，常用 it 作形式主语，而把从句放在后面。例如： It is a pity that she has made such a mistake. 她犯了这样一个错误,真是遗憾。 It depends on the climate whether they are going shopping today. 他们是否今天去购物还 得看天气情况。 二、二、常用句型常用句型 1. It is + adj. / n. +从句 It is a pity/shame that. 遗憾的是 It is pos
10、sible that. 很可能 It is unlikely that. 不可能 2. It +不及物动词+从句 It seems/appears that. 似乎 It happened that. 碰巧 3. It + be +过去分词+从句 It is said that. 据说 It is known to all that. 众所周知 It is reported that. 据报道 It is believed that. 据信；人们相信 It is suggested that. 有人建议 It must be pointed out that. 必须指出 It has been
11、 proved that. 已证明 例如： It is believed that at least a score of buildings were damaged or destroyed. 据信，至少有二十座楼房遭到破坏或彻底毁掉。 It is suggested that the meeting should be put off.有人建议会议延期召开。 Its reported that three people were killed in the accident and five were hurt badly. 据报道，事故中三人丧生，五人重伤。 It is known t
12、o all that Taiwan is an inseparable part of China. 众所周知，台湾是中国不可分割的一部分。 三、引导词三、引导词 1. 引导词引导词 that 和和 what what 在从句中作句子成分(主语、 宾语、 表语等)。 常译成所的(东西、 事情、 话等.)； that 只起连接作用， 本身无实际意义， 在从句中也不担当任何句子成分.但 that 引导的主 语从句放在句首时，不能省略 that。 例如： What is done cant be undone. (谚语)已成定局，无可挽回。 What we cant get seems better
13、 than what we have. 我们得不到的东西似乎比已得到的要 好。 That we should work out a plan to deal with the present serious situation is important. 我们应该制定一项计划来应付目前严峻的形势，这一点非常重要。 That a new teacher will come to teach us geography is true. 一位新老师将来教我们地理， 这是真的。 2. 引导词引导词 if 和和 whether if 和 whether 引导动词后的宾语从句时一般可通用，但介词后的宾语从
14、句、主语从句(放 在句首时)、表语从句常由 whether 引导。例如： Whether she will go home or not is unknown. 她是否回家还不得而知。 Whether we shall raise ducks or geese remains to be decided. 我们是养鸭还是养鹅仍没决 定。 =It remains to be decided whether/if we shall raise ducks or geese. 但我们不能说 If we shall raise ducks or geese remains to be decided.
15、 3. 连接代词和连接副词连接代词和连接副词 连接代词 who, which, whom, whose 有各自的意义，起连接作用，并在从句中充当语、 宾语、表语、定语等；连接副词 when, where, why, how 等有各自的意义，起连接作用，并 在从句中充当状语。 It is clear who is afraid of having a change in land ownership. It is not yet decided which cash crop will be produced next year. When well start tomorrow will be
16、 told soon. Where we can buy oxen is something we need to find out. 四、以四、以 it 作形式主语的主语从句与强调句型的区别作形式主语的主语从句与强调句型的区别 It be + adj./n. + that 从句与强调句型均有 It be.that. 之类的语言标志，但不同的是： 前者中的 that 从句是主语从句。若删掉其中的 It be 和 that，则剩余部分不论结构还是 语意都不能成为一个句子；但若将后者中的 It be 和 that 去掉，则剩余部分的结构和语意仍 能构成一个完整的句子。 It is surprisi
17、ng that Mary should have won first place. 令人惊奇的是玛莉竟然获得了第一 名。 It is Mary that has won first place. 正是玛莉得了第一名。 第一句话中的 It 是形式主语,that 引导的是主语从句。句中的 It is 和 that 无法删除，一 旦删除句子就不成立。 第二句是强调句型，其中的 It is 和 that 可以去掉，因为没有 It is 和 that 句子仍然很通 顺。 1. Does _ matter if he cant finish the job on time? A. this B. that
18、 C. he D. it 2. It worried her a bit _ her hair was turning grey. A. which B. that C. if D. for 3. _ is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language. A. There B. This C. That D. It 4. It matters little _ a man dies, but _ matters much is _ he lives. A. how; what; how B. how; it
19、; how C. why; it; why D. that; what; that 5. _ she couldnt understand was _ fewer and fewer students showed interest in her lessons. A. What; why B. That; what C. What; because D. Why; that 6. It is pretty well understood _ controls the flow of carbon dioxide in and out the atmosphere today. A. that
20、 B. when C. what D. how 7. Have you decided _for Australia? A. when will you leave B. when do you leave C. you will leave when D. when you will leave 答案答案：DBDAACD Chemical Versus Organic Farming comprise vt. 包括；包含；由组成 1. The funds of the association shall comprise of members subscriptions. 协会的基金将由会员
21、的捐款构成。 2. Twelve departments comprise this university. 12 个系组成了这所大学。 【拓展】【拓展】 compose, comprise, consist 这些动词均含组成，构成之意。 compose: 正式用词，多用被动态。指将两个或两个以上的人或物放到一起形成一个整 体。 comprise: 正式用词，指整体是由几个独立的部分所组成。 consist 与 of 连用，指一个整体由几个部分组成，或由某些材料构成。 alternative n. 可供选择的事物 adj. 可供替代的；非传统的 1. New ways to treat art
22、hritis may provide an alternative to painkillers. 治疗关节炎的新方法可能会提供一种止痛药的替代品。 2. There were alternative methods of travel available. 有另外的旅行方式可采用。 【拓展】【拓展】 choice, alternative, preference, option, selection, election 这些名词均含有选择之意。 choice: 侧重指自由选择的权利或特权。 alternative: 指在相互排斥的两者之间作严格的选择，也可指在两者以上中进行选择。 prefe
23、rence: 侧重因偏见、爱好或判断等而进行选择。 option: 着重特别给予的选择权利或权力，所选物常常相互排斥。 selection: 指作广泛的选择，着重选择者的识别力或鉴赏力。 election: 强调目的和达到目的判断能力。 extension n. 扩建部分；扩大；电话分机 1. We are thinking of having an extension built, as we now require an extra bedroom. 我们正在考虑扩建房屋，因为我们现在需要多一间卧室。 2. He first entered the country on a six-mon
24、th visa, and was given a further extension of six months. 他最初凭有效期为 6 个月的签证进入这个国家，之后又得到了 6 个月的续签。 【拓展】【拓展】 vt. extend 延伸；扩大；推广；伸出；给予；使竭尽全力；对估价 adj. extensive 广泛的；大量的；广阔的 extended 延伸的；扩大的；长期的；广大的 extendable 可延长的；可展开的；可扩张的 extensional 外延的；具体的；事实的 adv. extensively 广阔地；广大地 n. extensiveness 延伸；大范围 主题写作主题写
25、作有机食物有机食物 写作任务写作任务 现代社会不断发展，有机食物引起了大家的关注，有机食物的营养价值深受大家喜爱。 有些人认为我们应该加大有机食物的种植， 有些人士却提出了不同意见， 他们认为有机食物 成本高， 而不可能大面积推广让每个人都能吃到。 针对是否应该大面积推广有机食物进行分 析。内容： （1）有机食物的好处 （2）有机食物的不利现状 （3）发表自己的看法 _ _ _ _ 写作思路写作思路 一审：确定写作体裁和主题 体裁：议论文 主题：是否应该大面积推广有机食物的种植 二定：确定时态和人称(与体裁和主题息息相关) 时态：以一般现在时为主 人称：以第三人称为主 三明确 有机食物的好处不
26、利现状发表自己的看法 三分段(与写作要点息息相关) 结合写作要点分为三个段落 素材整理素材整理 （1）关键词语 without doubt ; pros and cons; be available to; make it impossible to； ingest；is being dedicated to; side effects; live a life ; free from （2）翻译句子 毫无疑问，有机蔬菜像其他任何事情一样都有利有弊。 (without doubt ; pros and cons) 一方面现在世界人口的压力很大，有机蔬菜不可能被所有人吃到。 (be availa
27、ble to; make it impossible to) 另外，吃有机蔬菜能帮助我们减少健康风险和非有机食物的副作用。 (only by. side effects) 世界上更多土地正被用于有机种植。 (is being dedicated to; organic farming) 我梦想有一天我们都能够吃到有机食物。 ( I have a dream that ; organic food ) 当这一天来临，我们将能够真正过上无忧无虑的健康生活。 (live a life ; free from) Keys: Without doubt, organic vegetables, just
28、 as anything else, come with pros and cons. On the one hand, the heavy population pressure of todays world makes it clearly impossible for organic food to be available to everyone. Only by ingesting organic foods can we avoid many health risks and side-effects of non-organic food. More land around t
29、he world is being dedicated to organic farming. I have a dream that one day we will all be able to consume organic food. When that day comes, we will be able to live truly healthy lives free from worry and risk. 将以上句子连成一篇语言流畅、用词准确、逻辑严谨的短文。 Without doubt, organic food, just as anything else, comes wi
30、th pros and cons. On the one hand, the heavy population pressure of todays world makes it clearly impossible for organic food to be available to everyone. But on the other hand, organic food are healthier and more eco-friendly. Only by ingesting organic food can we avoid many health risks and side-e
31、ffects of non-organic food. More land around the world is being dedicated to organic farming. As for the problem of population, Im sure that it will be solved as technology develops. I have a dream that one day we will all be able to consume organic food. When that day comes, we will be able to live
32、 truly healthy lives free of worry and risk. Lets support organic food. （答题时间：（答题时间：40 分钟）分钟） 一、阅读理解一、阅读理解 We have a strange obsession with the concept of perfection. “If I have the perfect parents and perfect grades, then I would be happy.” Under cultural influence, we seek what we cant have withou
33、t remembering that we dont actually need to be perfect. Imperfection allows us to be human. Parents, teachers and other high-achieving peers will have us believe that we must be perfect if we wish to remain competitive. However, what job or school requires you to have a 2400 SAT, 4.0 GPA and develop
34、 a cure for some form of cancer by the age of 18? Although these would be great achievements, are they worth the cost of sleep? We feel like we need the perfect grades to get into the perfect college that will provide us with the perfect education necessary to obtain the perfect job. With this misco
35、nception, when writing our resumes(简历), we then seek out experiences that we think may help build a good name for ourselves. Feeding on our thirst for perfection, some college and career industries have been set up claiming to help us reach our goals. The truth is, you only need to be good enough. D
36、ont worry about anything secondary to your passions. You wont become an expert at anything if you spend your time trying to succeed in everything you do. You only become an expert when you devote your time to the one or two projects that truly bring you joy. As members of this society, we have a res
37、ponsibility to be excellent in what we do, not perfect. Although perfection can be a goal, it should not be the only goal. We only have 24 hours in a day. Thus, we need to prioritize(优先选择)what we want to do and cut out the activities we cannot do. If you enjoy debating, take a law class and see how
38、it suits you. If you enjoy cooking, experiment in the kitchen and see what you can make! Try as hard as you can and let your future worry about itself. Worry about your task at hand and you will be successful in achieving your dreams. Above all, remember that you are going to be okay. 1. From the pa
39、ssage, we can learn that _. A. perfect grades are necessary when applying to colleges B. many students devote themselves to the cure for cancer C. many students ignore the importance of writing good resumes D. the desire for perfection may cost many students their good health 2. What can be conclude
40、d from the passage? A. As a member of society, we are responsible for being perfect. B. Actually seeking perfection is good for a persons development. C. Students great desire for perfection actually benefits some industries. D. We should make full use of our time to do our planned activities. 3. Wh
41、at should people focus on when trying to reach their goals? A. Their real interests. B. Their resumes. C. Their experiences. D. Their weaknesses. 4. What is the most important thing to remember when people are achieving their goals? A. Getting rid of worries. B. Never trying what they cant do. C. Ha
42、ving great confidence. D. Accepting their imperfection. 二、二、完形填空完形填空 When pilots fly over the grassland of the Pampas region, Argentina, theyre often surprised to spot a huge guitar-shaped forest in the ordered fields. The site is more than an amazing example of land art. Behind the site is a(n) _5_
43、 love story. When young Argentine_6_ Pedro Martin Ureta, aged 28, met 17-year- old Graciela Yraizoz in his hometown, they fell in love at first _7_. Two years later, they got married and_8_down on the farm where Ureta had been _9_. Graciela had many big plans for the farm in her mind. One day when s
44、he was taking a plane on a flight _10_ Pampa, Graciala noticed that another farm looked like a milking pail(桶) from the _11_. Graciela thought that her family could create something even more attractive on their own farm: A huge forest _12_ as her favorite musical instrumentthe guitar. Graciela _13_
45、playing the guitar in her spare time and often played the guitar at the local_14_. But Ureta didnt take his wifes idea _15_saying, “Well talk about it later.” Later_16_ came. In 1977, Graciela died suddenly of brain cancer at the _17_ age of 25 while carrying their fifth child. After her wifes death
46、, Mr. Ureta _18_not fulfilling her wish. Still heartbroken a few years later, Ureta decided that the best way to honor his_19_wife would be to fulfill her wish and _20_the giant work of art in her honor. After the local government refused to_21_with the project, Ureta and his children took it _22_.
47、One by one, they planted roughly 7,000 trees into the shape of a guitar. It took a few rough seasons for the trees to take root, but Uretas dedication_23_. Watching the forest grow over the years gave Gracielas children _24_. “It was the closest thing possible to have my mother alive,” Maria Julia,
48、Uretas second daughter, said. 5. A. thrilling B. exciting C. boring D. touching 6. A. farmer B. worker C. teacher D. engineer 7. A. place B. time C. sight D. way 8. A. put B. settled C. laid D. took 9. A. picked up B. given up C. made up D. brought up 10. A. below B. over C. across D. beyond 11. A. air B. distance C. beginning D. top 12. A. treated B. regarded C. considered D. shaped 13. A. disliked B. missed C. enjoyed D. avoided 14. A. concerts B. lectures C. games D. shops
