1、1 阅读教材 P2526中的材料，选出最佳选项 1In which country was Pompeii located? AGreece. BRoman. CPeru. DEngland. 2What rhetoric (修辞)is used to describe the volcanic eruption? AParallelism (排比). BPersonification (拟人). CSimile (明喻). DExaggeration (夸张). 3Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passa
2、ge? AThe City of Pompeii was a typical model of the whole Roman empire with little shops，tiny palaces，forum and theatre. BDuring the volcanic eruption，all men and women cried with fear. CIt is almost seven centuries before the city of Pompeii was discovered again. DThe walls of Pompeii city were cov
3、ered with ash and dirt long after being buried in the earth. 答案 13 BCA Words and Phrases 知识要点1 shock n震惊，惊愕，剧烈震动 vt.使震惊；使气愤 (教材 P20) As you can imagine，it was a bit of a shock. 你可以想象，这有点令人震惊。 例 1 I got a terrible shock the other day. 前两天可把我吓坏了。 例 2 We were all shocked at the news of his death. 听到他的死
4、讯，我们都感到震惊。 造句 他的处境使我们大家都大为震惊。 His situation was a great shock to us all. 2 归纳拓展 (1)be a shock to. 使震惊 (2)shocked adj. 感到震惊的 be shocked by/at. 对感到震惊 be shocked to do sth. 因做某事而感到震惊 be shocked that. 对感到震惊 (3)shocking adj. 令人震惊的 即学即练 单句语法填空 I was shocked(shock)to hear the news that he had been fired. T
5、he ending of this play is very shocking(shock). Its shocking(shock)how students cant spell these days. Shocked(shock)at the news，the man couldnt say a word. 小片段助记 It is a shock to me that the man should be shocked when he saw the science fiction film which wasnt shocking at all.I was really shocked
6、at it. 知识要点2 scare vt.& vi.惊吓，害怕 n恐慌；惊吓 (教材 P20) The strong wind and heavy rain didnt scare me，but I was quite frightened during the power failure. 大风和大雨并没有把我吓倒，但是停电期间把我吓坏了。 例 1 Rock climbing is a fun thing but I was scared from the start. 攀岩运动很有趣，但是开始时我是害怕的。 例 2 Weve had quite a scare. 我们吓得不轻。 造句 她
7、害怕独自一人走着回家。 She is scared of walking home alone. 归纳拓展 (1)scare.away/off 把吓跑 scare sb.into/out of doing sth. 恐吓某人做/不做某事 (2)scared adj. 害怕的 3 be scared of sb./sth. 害怕某人/某物 be scared to do sth. 不敢做某事(某件事情要发生了， 但内心还是感到恐惧) be scared to death 吓得要死 be scared of doing sth. 害怕做某事(内心恐惧某事， 但这件事不一定会发生) (3)scari
8、ng adj. 令人害怕的 即学即练 单句语法填空 Local businessmen were scared into paying(pay)protection money. She was scared to go(go)into the yard because a big dog was in it. Swimming in a river may be dangerous and I was scared to death(die)from the start. The scared(scare)look on her face suggested that there must
9、be something frightening. 知识要点3 (教材 P20) Were you afraid of running out of supplies? 你是不是担心供应品用光了？ (1)run out of 用完，耗尽 例 1 I am running out of petrol.I must find a gas station before it runs out. 我的汽油快用完了，我得趁还没用完找到一个加油站。 例 2 The trapped workers are running out of time. 对于被困的工人们来说，时间快用完了。 造句 我对她已失去耐性
10、。 I have run out of patience with her. 归纳拓展 run out give out (某物)用完/耗尽(不能用于被动语态) run after 追捕；跟踪；追求 run across 跑着穿过；偶然碰见 run into 撞上；偶然遇见；遇到困难 名师点津 4 run out，run out of 两者都表示“用完”，前者为不及物动词短语，其主语是 物，不能用于被动语态；后者是及物动词短语，主语是人，可以用于被动语态。 即学即练 单句语法填空 If you run into someone，you must say “sorry” I ran across
11、 an old photo in the drawer the other day. We ran out of the coal，and we had to burn wood. (2)supply n& vt.补给，补给品；供应；提供，供给 例 1 Books were in short supply. 书籍供应短缺。 例 2 The brain requires a constant supply of oxygen. 大脑需要持续的供氧。 造句 我们的补给品快用完了。 Our supplies were running out. 归纳拓展 in short supply 供应不足，短缺
12、 supply sb.with sth. 向某人提供某物 supply sth.to sb. 将某物供应给某人 即学即练 单句语法填空 As there was little rain，water was in short supply in this mountain village. We can supply you with food and drink. The company has won a plan to supply books and materials to schools. 易混辨析 supply，offer，provide 三者都有“供给，提供”的意思，但用法不同：
13、 supply 通常指定期“供应”， 强调替代或补充所需物品， 常用于 supply sb.with sth.或 supply sth.to sb.结构。 offer 侧重表示“愿意给予， 主动提供”， 常用于 offer sb.sth.或 offer to do sth. 结构，后不能接宾语从句。 provide 指有远见，为应付意外、紧急情况等作好充分准备而“供给，提供”， 可用于 provide sb.with sth.或 provide sth.for sb.结构。 5 选词填空 supply，offer，provide The school provided food for the
14、 students. The cars will be supplied to people all over the country. She offered me a cup of tea. 小片段助记 When food and drinking water were in short supply，they volunteered to provide essential supplies to the affected areas.Moved by their actions，we supplied/provided the area with some necessities of
15、 life. 知识要点4 donate vt.捐赠，赠送；献(血) (教材 P20) Yes.Luckily， many people came to help， donating food and clothes to charities. 是的。幸运的是，许多人来帮忙，给慈善机构捐赠食物和衣服。 例 1 He donated thousands of pounds to charity. 他向慈善事业捐款数千英镑。 例 2 All donated blood is tested for HIV and other infections. 对所有捐献的血都要进行艾滋病病毒和其他传染病病毒检测
16、。 造句 这些书是由一个当地的出版公司捐赠的。 The books were donated by a local publishing company. 归纳拓展 (1)donate sth.to. 向捐赠某物 (2)donation n. 捐赠，捐献 make a donation to. 向捐赠 即学即练 单句语法填空 Donations(donation)began flooding in from hundreds of people. The old man donated a lot of money to the local school. I donated blood to
17、 the Red Cross for the victims of the earthquake. Without donated(donate)blood most of illnesses would have probably been cureless. 知识要点5 curious adj 好奇的；奇特的 (教材 P23) She was curious to see how much water there was outside. 6 她很好奇，想看看外面有多少水。 例 1 In high school，I was/became curious about the computer
18、 and built my first website. 上高中时，我对电脑很好奇，并建立了自己的第一个网站。 例 2 They were very curious about the people who lived upstairs. 他们对住在楼上的人感到很好奇。 造句 奇怪的是他竟然没有通过考试。 Its curious that he didnt pass the exam. 归纳拓展 (1)be/become curious about 对感到好奇 be curious to do sth. 急于做某事，想做某事 It is curious that. 很奇怪 (2)curiosi
19、ty n. 好奇；好奇心 out of curiosity 出于好奇 with curiositycuriously 好奇地 即学即练 单句语法填空 She is curious to know(know)what is happening. Looking up，I saw their eyes fixed on me with curiosity(curious). Curiously(curious)enough， a year later exactly the same thing happened again. Children tend to be curious about t
20、hings they see. 小片段助记 The little girl has a strong curiosity.She is curious about everything.She looks at something around her curiously/with curiosity.Once she asked her mother out of curiosity， “Where did I come from？” 知识要点6 rescue n& vt.救援，营救，抢救 (教材 P27) Dogs have been very helpful in rescue effo
21、rts on land. 狗在陆地上的救援工作中很有帮助。 例 1 They were eventually rescued by helicopter. 他们最后被直升机救走了。 例 2 We had given up hope of rescue. 7 我们那时已经放弃了获救的希望。 造句 他救了一名溺水儿童。 He rescued a child from drowning. 归纳拓展 (1)come/go to ones rescue 营救某人，帮助某人 rescue workers 营救人员 rescue sb.from. 从中营救某人 (2)rescuer n. 营救人员 即学即练
22、 单句语法填空 The firemen rescued a baby from the burning house. The two men on the fishing ship were rescued(rescue)before it sank. We came to his rescue and pulled him out of the river. The woman is comforting the boy rescued(rescue)from the old building. 推理判断题一步推导法 推理判断题主要考查考生对文章深层意义的理解，在解答这类题时，可采用 “一步
23、推导法”。即推理判断题的最近答案原则：推得近的要比推得远的好，直 接推出的要比间接推出的好。 思维建模熟练 3 步解题流程 例文 Languages have been coming and going for thousands of years，but in recent times there has been less coming and a lot more going.When the world was still populated by hunter- gatherers，small，tightly knit 推理判断题不是考查我们的想象力， 它 实际是考查我们原文中的某一
24、个点或几个 点所涉及的问题读透了没有。 因此做题时不 能想得太多，推得过远，是否把原文读懂才 是关键。在推理判断时要牢记以下几点： (1)忠实原文原则： 严格按照阅读材料中所提 供的信息进行推理， 千万不要掺杂自己的主 8 (联系)groups developed their own patterns of speech independent of each other.Some language experts believe that 10， 000 years ago，when the world had just five to ten million people，they spo
25、ke perhaps 12，000 languages between them 观想法或经验。 (2)深层推断原则： 如果某选项中的内容是阅 读材料的简单重复，那它就不是推论，也就 不是正确答案。 (3)全面分析原则： 如果某个选项表达的内容 虽在文中提到，但很片面或很不完整，那也 不是正确答案。 名师点津 某些过渡词，如 however，but，on the contrary，whats more 等后面所表达的内容 往往能反映作者的观点和态度。 What can we infer about languages in huntergatherer times? AThey develop
26、ed very fast. BThey were large in number. CThey had similar patterns. DThey were closely connected. 答案 B 即学即练 请快速确定下面这段文字的推理判断题的答案。 Just outside our gate，all down Jabu Ndlovu Street，as the day begins to fade， security guards take their places.Theyre cheerful.And they sleep right through their shifts
27、.No one expects a security guard to stay awake.Thats why the whole street knew Solly.He not only stayed awake，but also walked around to check the block， picked up litter，and knocked on doors and asked residents to turn their music down. What made Solly different from other guards? AHis skin color. BHis hard work. CHis friendly manner. DHis lovable character. 答案 B
