1、语法学案 1 省略句省略句(Ellipsis) 一、省略句一、省略句的基本概念：的基本概念： 人们在交流时， 尤其在口语中， 常把一个或几个句子成分省略掉， 这种现象称为省略(Ellipsis) 这种句子叫做省略句(Elliptical Sentences)。在特定情况下，几乎可以省略各种句子成分。 二、省略句二、省略句的用法及常考点：的用法及常考点： 一）简单句中的省略： （常见于情景会话）一）简单句中的省略： （常见于情景会话） 省略句子的主语，在交际用语中出现的很多。 (I) Beg your pardon. (I)Havent seen you for ages! (_) Doesnt
2、 matter. (_) Sounds good! 省略主谓语或主谓语的一部分 (You come) This way, please. (This is) Jane speaking. (_) Feeling any better today? (_) Some more tea? (_) Anything I can do for you? (Its a) Pity you couldnt come. Why not buy her some flowers? (_) Better do sth. 省略宾语 Which of them is the better choice? Well,
3、 its hard to tell (it). 1. Dad! Toms broken a glass! _. Accidents will happen. A. No way B. Doesnt matter C. No trouble at all D. Dont mention it 2. I was wondering if we could go skiing on the weekend. _ good. A. Sound B. Sounded C. Sounding D. Sounds 3. Susan, go and join your sister cleaning the
4、yard. Why _? John is sitting there doing nothing. A. him B. he C. I D. me 二）二） 并列句中的省略：并列句中的省略： 在并列句中，如果后面分句中有前面相同的部分，就常给省略掉： Turandot says any potential husband must answer three riddles correctly or (he must) die. Some books are to be tasted, others (are) to be swallowed, and some few (are) to be
5、chewed and digested. 一些书可以浅尝辄止；一些书可以狼吞虎咽；而有些书则需要细嚼慢咽，好好消化。 We tried to help, but (we tried) in vain. 我们想法子帮助她，但没用。 4. He has made a lot of films, but _ good ones. A. any B. some C. few D. many 5. The piano in the other shop will be _, but _. A. cheaper; not as better B. more cheap; not as better C.
6、cheaper; not as good D. more cheap; not as well 三）三） 复合句中的省略：复合句中的省略： (1) 宾语从句： that 引导宾语从句时可省略，但如果有两个或两个以上的宾语从句时，只有第一个 that 可以省 略。The teacher said (that) Tom was a clever boy and _ he liked him. wh-疑问词引导宾语从句且后面的内容与前面重复时，可以把重复的内容省去，而保留 wh-疑 问词 Tom was sad, but I dont know why (he was sad). (2) 定语从句：
7、关系代词作宾语时常省略 A. 在限定性定语从句中，关系代词 that, which, whom 作宾语且不位于介词之后常省略。 This is the room (_) LuXun once lived in. 语法学案 2 6. Why does she always ask you for help? There is no one else _, is there? A. who to turn to B. she can turn to C. for whom to turn D. for her to turn 7. Do you have anything to say for y
8、ourselves? Yes, theres one point_ we must insist on. A. why B. where C. how D. / b. way 和 time 后接定语从句的情况 the way 后的定语从句 1) I dont like the way _ you speak to her. 2) This is the way _ really works. 3) This is the way _ he uses to solve the problem. 先行词是 time 时，表“次数”用关系代词 that 引导定语从句 (可省略)； 表“一段时间”用关
9、系副词 when 或介词 at/ during which 8. Do you know our town at all? No, this is the first time I _ here. A. was B. have been C. came D. am coming 9. There was _time _I hated to go to school. A. a; that B. a; when C. the; that D. the; when (3) 状语从句中的省略： 在时间、条件、让步、方式等状语从句中，当从句主语和主句主语一致，或从句主语是 it，且从 句中含有 be
10、动词时，可以将从句主语和 be 动词省略。这类省略句结构紧凑，语言简练，流畅。 I usually memorize twenty new words a day and put them to use whenever (it is) possible. 条件 if/ unless/ once Once (it is) seen, it will never be forgotten. If _(heat), water will boil. I wont attend your wedding unless _ (invite). 时间 when/ while/ as As（he was）
11、a young man, Abraham Lincoln was a storekeeper and a postman. When in Rome, do as the Romans do. 地点 where/ wherever Lei Feng was always ready to give help wherever _ (need). 让步 even if (though) / though/ no matter wh- I wont go even if invited. 原因 Since (I am) well again, I can go on with my work. 比
12、较 than You came later than _(require). 方式 as/ as if (though) He opened his lips as if _ (speak). 10. It was a nice meal, _a little expensive. A. though B. whether C. as D. since 11. When _, the museum will be open to the public next year. A. completed B. completing C. being completed D. to be comple
13、ted (4) 强调句型中的省略： 12. Where did you get to know her? It was on the farm _ we worked. A. that B. there C. which D. where 语法学案 3 四）四） 几种特殊的省略：几种特殊的省略： 1) 动词不定式的省略： 有时为了避免重复，可以用 to 来代替前面的不定式，这种情况常出现在下列动词之后： expect，hope，intend, wish，mean，prefer，want，promise，care，try，hate；need，plan； 或出现在下列短语结构之后：would li
14、ke，would love，be going，be gladhappy，be willing 等。 不定式的否定式的省略用 not to Shall I go instead of him? I prefer not to. He wanted to swim across the river but I warned him not to. 13. Would you like to join me for a quick lunch before class? _, but I promised Nancy to go out with her. A. Id like to B. I li
15、ke it C. I dont D. I will 14. Does your brother intend to study Germany? Yes, he intends _. A. / B. to C. so D. that 15. The driver wanted to park his car near the roadside but was asked by the police _. A. not to do B. not to C. not do D. do not 如果不定式中含有 be 或作助动词用的 have, have been 时, 则这些词要保留。 China
16、 is no longer what it used to be. John didnt come, but he ought to have. A. I didnt tell him the news. Oh, you ought to_. 你本应该告诉他的。 b. Was the work finished then? 当时工作完成了吗? No, but it _. 没有，不过本应该完成的。 c. Is your father a teacher? 你的爸爸是一名教师吗? No, but _. 不，但他过去是。 表示过去没有实现的愿望、期待或计划，可以用下列表达： A. intended
17、to have done = had intended to do 类似的词有：plan, hope, expect, mean, want, think, 还可用 would like/ love to have done b. was/ were to have done 表示未曾实现的计划 c. was / were going to 有本打算之意 16. Tom, you didnt come to the party last night? I _, but I suddenly remembered I had homework to do. A. had to B. didnt
18、C. was going to D. wouldnt 2) 虚拟语气中 should 的省略 在含有建议、要求、命令等相关的名词性从句用 should + V，should 可以省略。 He suggested that she (should ) go at once. 但 suggest 表示“暗示” 时用陈述语气 17. Janes pale face suggested that she _ ill, and her parents suggested that she _ a medical examination. A. be; should have B. was; have C
19、. should be; had D. was; has 3) 在否定结构中（由 nor，neither 等引导的连续否定的句子也是一种省略句，这种句子在意思上 与前面的句子是相同的，而且主谓用倒装。 ） If you dont go to the party, _ I. 我也不去。 18. Mary never does any reading in the evening, _. A. so does John B. John does too C. John doesnt too D. nor does John 4) 惯用的省略结构： (It is) no/ little / smal
20、l wonder （或 No wonder）难怪 语法学案 4 无动词祈使句或不定式感叹句 No smoking! / To think you are so foolish! 想不到你这么笨！ What about / How about ? How about going for an outing tomorrow? What if ? 如果怎么办？What if they dont agree with us? 19. Brad was Janes brother! _ he reminded me so much of Jane! A. No doubt B. Above all C
21、. No wonder D. Of course 四、省略和替代四、省略和替代 1) 我们还可以用 so 或 not 代替上文内容（往往代替一个从句） If not/ so/any/ ever He may be at home then. If so (he is at home), leave him a note. 20. It sounds like something is wrong with the cars engine. _, wed better take it to the garage immediately. A. Otherwise B. If not C. But
22、 for that D. If so 21. The climate here is quite pleasant, the temperature rarely, _，reaching 30 in summer. A. if not B. if ever C. if any D. if so 下列否定表达只有一种：I fear not. / I guess not. / I hope not. / Im afraid not. 以下否定式有两种： I think/ believe/ expect/ suppose/ imagine not. = I dont think/ believe/
23、expect/ suppose/ imagine so. 22. You should apologize to her, Barry. _, but its not going to be easy. A. I suppose so B. I feel so C. I prefer to D. I like to 23. Is it all right if I keep this photo? _. A. No, you dont B. No. it shouldnt C. Im afraid not D. Dont keep it 2) do 用来代替动词或动词加其他成分，更常用于比较状
24、语从句（从句中除助动词、情态动词和 系动词 be 外，其他动词不能重复使用，须用动词 do 的适当形式代替。 ） He can swim better than I can. You are younger than I am. He doesnt run faster than I do. I know you better than he _. （我比他更了解你。 ） 24. We got here Tuesday afternoon. _ Why didnt you call us earlier? A. Good luck! B. You did? C. Its no surprise
25、. D. You are welcome 25. Dont take too much of the medicine; it does you more harm than good if you_. A. do B. take C. like D. have 语法学案 5 随堂巩固练习 1. Bill wasnt happy about the delay of the report by Jason, and _. A. I was neither B. neither was I C. I was either D. either was I 2. We all know that,
26、_, the situation will get worse. A. not if dealt carefully with B. if not carefully dealt with C. if dealt not carefully with D. not if carefully dealt with 3. The thief tried to open the locked door but _. A. in no way B. in vain C. without effect D. at a loss 4. Has ISIS, the most shameful terrori
27、st group, already been wiped off the earth? I guess not, but I think it ought to _. A. be done B. have been C./ D. have 5. I have some big news for you. Youve been accepted as a member of our club. _ Thats great! A. Have I? B. Pardon? C. Congratulations! D. Good idea! 6. Tom, did Mr. Li join you in
28、your discussion? No, he _, but he happened to have fallen ill. A. would like to B. was to have C. will D. was going to join 7. What did David demand in the meeting just now? _ a chance to join the Debating Club. A. Being offered B. Having been offered C. To be offered D. To have been offered 8. The
29、type and quantity of illegal drugs a person is carrying when _ by the police determine the punishment, _ from a small fine to life imprisonment（监禁）. A. caught; ranged B. caught; ranging C. catching; ranging D. catching; ranged 9. When he got home, he found that the house_ and some jewelry _. A. has
30、broken into; has been stolen B. had been broken into; stole C. had been broken into; stolen D. has been broken into; stolen 10. The school rules state that no child shall be allowed out of the school during the day, _ accompanied by an adult. A. once B. when C. if D. unless 11. Do you have any idea
31、what Paul does all day? As I know, he spends at least as much time playing as he _. A. writes B. does writing C. is writing D. does write 12. Guess what! I came across an old friend at the party last night. _. Im sure you had a wonderful time. A. Sounds good! B. Very well C. How nice! D. All right !
32、 13. How about seeing the new movie at the theatre tonight? _, but Ive got to go over my notes for tomorrows exam. A. All right B. Sounds great C. I cant D. No, I am terribly sorry 14. What surprised me most was not what he said but _ he said it. A. the way B. in the way that C. in the way D. the wa
33、y which 15. I dont think there will be more than 4 students left in the class,_, because the environment is not fit for studying. A. if so B. if possible C. if ever D. if any 16. Do you think its going to rain over the weekend? _. A. I dont believe. B. I dont believe it. C. I believe not so. D. I be
34、lieve not. 语法学案 6 17. If you are planning to spend your money having fun this week, better _ityouve got some big bills coming. A. forget B. forgot C. forgetting D. to forget 18. Whats the noise ? It sounds as if it comes from upstairs. _. It must be the window-cleaner working next door. A. Im not su
35、re B. I hope not C. Id rather not D. I dont think so 19. Having checked the doors were closed, and _ all the lights were off, the boy opened the door to his bedroom. A. why B. that C. when D. where 20. If you go to Xian, you will find the palaces there more magnificent than commonly _. A. supposing
36、B. supposed C. to suppose D. suppose 21. Ill be away on a business trip. Would you mind looking after my cat? Not at all. _. A. Ive no time B. Id rather not C. Id like it D. Id be happy to 22. What s the matter with Della? Well, her parents wouldnt allow her to go to the party, but she still_. A. ho
37、pes to B. hopes so C. hopes not D. hopes for 23. In some western countries, the rich are becoming richer, and _. A. the poor the poor B. poor poor C. the poor poorer D. poorer the poor 24. Who should be responsible for the accident? The boss, not the workers. They just carried out the order _. A. as
38、 told B. as are told C. as telling D. as they told 25. Is this the reason _ at the meeting for his carelessness in his work? A. he explained B. what he explained C. how he explained D. why he explained 26. Mary was only too ready to help others, seldom, _, refusing them when they turned to her. A. i
39、f never B. if not C. if any D. if ever 27. No matter how frequently _, the works of Beethoven still attract people all over the world. A. performed B. performing C. to be performed D. being performed 28. One of the sides of the board should be painted yellow, and _. A. the other is white B. another
40、white C. the other white D. another is white 29. Scientists have pointed out that beans of this type, _ long enough, can be poisonous. A. if not to be cooked B. if not cooked C. if not cooking D. if not being cooked 30. The boys are not doing a good job at all, are they? _. A. I guess not so B. I do
41、nt guess C. I dont guess so D. I guess not 31. In the dark street, there wasnt a single person _ she could turn for help. A. that B. who C. from whom D. to whom 32. The flowers his friend gave him will die unless _ every day. A. watered B. watering B. water D. to water 33. If _ properly, medical was
42、te from hospitals may contribute to spreading diseases. A. not handled B. not being handled C. not to be handled D. not having been handled 34. The man we followed suddenly stopped and looked as if _ whether he was going in the right direction. A. seeing B. having seen C. to have seen D. to see 35.
43、What do you think made Mary so upset? _ her new bicycle. A. As she lost B. Lost C. Losing D. Because of losing 语法学案 7 省略答案 (It) Doesnt matter. (It) Sounds good! (Are you) Feeling any better today? (Would you like) Some more tea? (Is there) Anything I can do for you? (Youd) Better do sth. 1-5BDDCC Th
44、e teacher said (that) Tom was a clever boy and that he liked him. This is the room (that/which) LuXun once lived in. 6-7BD 1) I dont like the way (that/in which) you speak to her. 2) This is the way that/which really works. 3) This is the way (that/which) he uses to solve the problem. 8-9BB If (it i
45、s) heated, water will boil. I wont attend your wedding unless (I am) invited. Lei Feng was always ready to give help wherever (it is) needed. You came later than (you are) required. He opened his lips as if (he was) to speak. 10-11AAD 13-15ABB A. I didnt tell him the news. Oh, you ought to have. 你本应
46、该告诉他的。 b. Was the work finished then? 当时工作完成了吗? No, but it ought to have been. 没有，不过本应该完成的。 c. Is your father a teacher? 你的爸爸是一名教师吗? No, but he used to be. 不，但他过去是。 16-17 CB If you dont go to the party, neither/nor shall/will I. 我也不去。 18-23 DCDBAC I know you better than he does. （我比他更了解你。 ） 24-25BA 随堂巩固练习 1-5BBBBA 6-10BCBCD 11-15BCBAD 16-20DADBB 21-25DACAA 26-30DACBD 31-35DAADC
