(2021新教材)牛津译林版必修第三册英语Unit1词汇讲解(全).doc

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1、牛津译林必修三 Unit1 词汇全解 1.harm 伤害,损害伤害,损害 n. do harm to =be harmful to harmful effects 害处 短语搭配:cause 引起伤害 There is no harm in (sbs) doing sth./It does no harm (for sb) to do sth.做某事没什 么坏处。 He looks fierce, but he means no harm.他看上去很凶,但并无恶意。 The treatment they gave him did him more harm than good.他们的治疗弊大于

2、利。 V. harm 伤害,损害 2.overseas 在海外,在国外在海外,在国外=abroad The product is sold both at home and overseas. 外国的,海外的 trade/visitors 3.region 地区,区域地区,区域-regional 区域的,地区的 variations 地区差异 4.length 长度长度 The room is twice the length of the kitchen.房间长度是厨房的两倍。 The river is 300 miles in length.这条河长 300 英里。 the length

3、of time 时间长短 重点短语:at length/ at .(length)length 长时间,详尽地 We have discussed the matter at great length. go to any/some/great lengths (to do)竭尽全力,不遗余力 5. biodiversity 生物多样性生物多样性 diversity 多样性 diverse 多样的 diversify 使.多样化 6. variety 不同种类不同种类 a of =varieties of 各种各样的 He resigned for a variety of reasons.

4、多样化 We all need variety in our diet.我们都需要饮食多样化。 vary v.不同, 有别 The students work varies considerably in quality.学生作业的质量 参差不齐。 变化,变更 vary with sth/ vary from .to./vary between .and . The prices of the vegetables vary with the season. 7. beneath 在在.下面下面 be buried beneath the bridge 不够好,配不上 He considers

5、 such jobs beneath him. 8. mass N.团,块团,块 a mass of snow and rocks 大量,许多 a mass of evidence(多用单数) 一群 the mass of people, a mass of figures 大量的东西 masses of work, masses of people 老百姓 the masses Adj.大批的 mass unemployment 大批失业 weapons of mass destruction 大规模杀 伤性武器 V.集结 Dark clouds masses on the horizon.

6、天边乌云密布。 9.towering 高大的,高耸的高大的,高耸的(skyscrapers);出色的(performances) V.tower 高于,超过.He towered over/above his classmates. (能力,品质)胜过,超过 9. living Adj.活着的活着的 all living things all the living Nobel winners 在使用的 living languages N. make a living 谋生 10. survive V.生存,存活生存,存活 vi Strange customs have survived fr

7、om earlier times. I cant survive on $40 a week. 幸存,幸免于难,艰难度过 vt survive the crisis/the attack/earthquake 比.活得久=outlive survive sb by . N.survival survivor 幸存者 11.in turn 相应地,转而;依次相应地,转而;依次 one after another in a particular order The boys called turn N.机会 take turns 轮流 take turns to do sth=take turns

8、 (in)doing =take a turn (in)doing It is ones turn to do sth.轮到某人做 Turn 拐弯 make a left turn, 弯道 twists and turns, 变化,转变 take a turn for the worse/better , by turns 轮流,交替 The book is, by turns, funny and very sad.这本书时而有趣时而悲伤。 V.转动,旋转;转身;翻转,翻动;转弯;变成;到达(年龄) ; 短语动词 turn against sb 与.反目成仇 turn (sth)around

9、 翻身,翻转;好转有起色 turn sb away 把某人拒之门外,不准进入 turn back 原路返回,往回走 turn .down 拒绝,顶回=reject/refuse turn (sb/sth)in 交还,退还;上交,呈交 turn (sb)off 不再听,不再想;使反感 turn on 突然攻击;依靠 turn out 出席;结果是 Everything turned out well.制造,生产;熄灭;腾空,清 空; turn over 翻身;深思熟虑;把.移交给 turn to 向.求助 turn up 被发现,被找到;露面; 12.break down 使分解,使变化;发生故

10、障; (谈判)失败;垮掉(健康,情绪)使分解,使变化;发生故障; (谈判)失败;垮掉(健康,情绪) break 总结 V.破,裂 break into pieces break sth in two 弄坏;弄破;违犯;稍停;打断 break the silence;终止,断绝;逃跑; (白天, 黑夜)来临 The day breaks. break away 逃脱;脱离 break in 破门而入;打断,插嘴(on the conversation) break into 强行进入;突然开始 break off 断开,折断; (谈话)中断 break out 突然爆发 break throug

11、h 突破,冲破;在.取得重大突破; break up 粉碎,破碎; (关系)破裂; (会议)散开;(with sb)同.的绝交 break with 突破,破除(传统,习惯) N.间歇;课间;暂停;中断 13.breathe the life into 给给.带来起色,注入活力带来起色,注入活力 V.breathe in 吸入 out 呼出 N.take a deep breath 深呼吸 a of air 新鲜空气 a breath of sth 微量,一丝 hold your breath 屏住呼吸,焦急等待 out of 喘不过气 14. due to 由于,因为由于,因为 同义短语总结

12、 owing to,thanks to(多指好的方面),because of due 到期的,预期的 be due to do/for sth =be scheduled to do 预计做某事 15. impact N.影响;撞击影响;撞击 have/make an impact on . =have an effect/influence on . =make a difference to 对.有影响 His speech made a profound impact on everyone. V.impact (on/upon) sth 有影响,有作用=affect Her fathe

13、rs death impacted greatly on her childhood years. 16. extinction 灭绝,绝种灭绝,绝种 extinct adj. become extinct 17. damage V.损害,损坏损害,损坏 damage ones health,damage ones career,damage several vehicles N.minor/severe/extensive damage 短语 do/cause damage to sth, pay for the damage, prevent serious property damage

14、 18. build up(to)逐渐增加,扩大)逐渐增加,扩大 build 动词短语 build sth around 在.基础上创出 build on 在.基础上发展,build sth on sth 把.作为基础 build sb/oneself up 增强体质 19. come up with 想出,想到;拿出一笔钱想出,想到;拿出一笔钱 come 短语 come easily to sb 轻而易举 How come.?怎么会?When it comes to 当 涉及某事 短语动词 come about 发生 come across 被理解,被弄懂;偶然碰到,遇到 come afte

15、r 追赶,追逐 come along 到达;跟着来;进步,进展 come apart 破碎,破裂 come around 恢复知觉,苏醒; (to)短暂访问; come back 回来,再度流行;回想起 come between 损害 come by 短暂拜访 come down 崩塌,坍塌;下降,降低;流传下来(to) ;归纳为 come down with 患病,染上 come forward 主动提供 come out(太阳月亮星辰)出现;开花;出版;大白天下; (照片)冲洗清 楚; come to sb(主意)被想到 come to sth 合计,总共;达到 come up 破土而出;

16、升起;被提及;即将发生 20. call for 要求要求=ask for;需要=need They called for him to resign. call 短语总结 call it a day 到此为止,停止 call sb names 谩骂 call a spade a spade 直言不讳 call at 停靠,停留 call back 回电话 call forth 引起,使产生 call off 取消 call on/upon 邀请,要求;请求 I call upon the chairman to address the meeting. call up 征召,使回忆起 21.

17、 application 运用,应用;申请运用,应用;申请 an application form 申请表 make an to sb for sth/to do sth 向.申请做. the application of sth to sth 在.方面的运用 涂抹,敷 运用,生效 V. 申请 apply apply to sb for sth/to do sth s 使用,运用 apply sth to sth 涂抹,敷 apply sth to sth 涉及,有关 apply to sb/sth 勤奋工作 apply oneself to sth/doing sth applicant 申

18、请人 appliance 电器 22. organization 组织,团体;组织工作;安排,条理组织,团体;组织工作;安排,条理 organ 器官;风琴 organize 组织, 筹备;安排,处理;规划,管理 23. absolutely 绝对地;极其绝对地;极其 absolute power/trust 24. belt 裤带,腰带裤带,腰带 fasten/tighten the belt 传送带 地区,地带 industrial belt 25. spring to mind 突然想起突然想起 sprang/sprung sprung spring 用法 spring to ones f

19、eet 立刻站起来 spring into/to life 突然工作 spring from sth 起源于 spring up 突然兴起 26. track V.跟踪,追踪跟踪,追踪 Vt./Vi N.小道,小径 a muddy track 人或动物留下的 足迹,车辙 轨道 railway tracks 铁轨 跑道 a running track 移动的路径,路线 短语 on track 做法对头,back on track 恢复正常 keep/lose track of 了解.动态,与.失去联系 区分:trail N.长串 痕迹,踪迹 a trail of blood leave a tr

20、ail of litter 丢了一路垃圾 打猎时的踪迹,痕迹 小路,小径 特定路线 27. habitat 生活环境,栖息地生活环境,栖息地 habitant 居民 habitation 居住,住所(不可数) habitual 习惯性的;典型的 habitable 可居住的 28. resident 居民居民 reside 居住在+adv./prep. residence 住所,住房;居住,定居 29. get rid of 摆脱,丢弃,扔掉摆脱,丢弃,扔掉=remove rid 使.摆脱 rid A of B rid our streets of crime Rid/Having been

21、rid of headache, the old man felt much better.= Having ridding himself of headache, the old man felt much better. 30. protest 抗议,反对抗议,反对 N.a protest against. The man resigned in protest at the decision.他辞职以示抗议这项决定。 V.protest (against/at/about) sth 反对 protest her innocence 坚决表示,申辩 31. profit N.利润,好处利

22、润,好处 a huge 巨额利润 a good/handsome/healthy/tidy 可观的利润 a small/modest 微薄的利润 earn/make a profit 赚取利润 V.profit by/from 从.中受益 profitable 营利的 non-profit 非营利的 32. defense/defence N.辩护;防御;防御物;国防;防守辩护;防御;防御物;国防;防守 in defence of 为保卫.,为.辩护=in sbs defence a defence against.的防御物 mechanisms 防御机制 V.defend sb from/a

23、gainst.防御,保护;辩解 Adj. defensive 防御性的 33. economic 经济的,经济上的经济的,经济上的;economical 经济实惠的 34. strategy 策略策略 reading Adj. strategic 战略上的 35. poison N.毒药毒药 V.下毒;毒害下毒;毒害 Adj. poisonous 36. consequence 结果,后果结果,后果 as a (of)=as a result (of) suffer/face/take the s of sth 自食其果,承担后果 重要性 be of no 无足轻重 Adj.consequen

24、t 随之发生的 the responsibilities on/upon the arrival of a new child 新生儿出生后随之而来的职责 37. give rise to 使发生,导致使发生,导致 辨析: rise, arise 是不及物动词 raise, arouse 是及物动词 1)rise(rose, risen)vi. 上升,升起, 升高;上涨;文: (躺 坐或跪后)起立,起身; 起床 无被动 2)arise (arose, arisen) vi. .(问题,困难等)出现;发生, 产生;主语一般为抽象名词,如 problem, trouble, quarrel, di

25、fficulty, misunderstanding, disagreement 无被动 常用短语:arise from / out of sth.由引起;因产生 3)raise vt. 招募: to raise an army 养育 to raise a family 提高工资 raise salaries, 举起 raise ones hand 提出问题 raise a question 筹集 raise / collect money 4)arouse 意为“激起,唤醒;使. 奋发” .ones awareness of doing sth arouse ones interest / sympathy/ enthusiasm “唤起某人的兴趣 / 同情心/ 热情” arouse sb. 唤醒

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