1、新牛津高中英语语法讲练十一新牛津高中英语语法讲练十一 动词动词-ing 形式作定语、状语和宾语补足语的用法形式作定语、状语和宾语补足语的用法 动词-ing 形式是动词的现在分词形式，是动词用着进行时的谓语形式。如： We are having our English lesson now. How hard they are working! I will be watching TV this time tomorrow evening. They have been preparing for the final-term exam these days. 对比下面的句子： Hearing
2、 the surprising news, she burst into tears. The meeting being held now is very important. Do you know the teachers teaching English in the Changjiang Middle School? I hear someone singing in the next room. 上面四句中的“Hearing., surprising, being held, teaching., singing.”的动词-ing 形式单 词、短语都不能作谓语，是我们常讲的动词非谓
3、语形式。从语法功能看，它们作状语和定语 和宾语宾语补足语。 动词动词-ing 形式作定语有以下几种情况形式作定语有以下几种情况： 1.单个动词-ing 形式作定语一般置于被修饰的名词前面。英语中有很多动词-ing 形式已 经演变成形容词。如：interesting, surprising 等。 At the surprising news, he let out a cry of surprise. This is such an interesting story that everyone of us wants to read it. 注意对比下面的句子： He is doing his
4、 schoolwork in the reading room. 这里的 reading 是动词-ing 形式，不是现在分词，而是动名词。动名词具备名词的功能， 是动词非谓语的另外一种形式。我们常讲的动词-ing 形式作定语、状语和宾语补足语等，这 个动词-ing 形式属于现在分词的范畴。动词-ing 形式作定语、状语和宾语补足语等常表示主 动、进行的含义。 the surprising news 的含义可以这样理解： the news that is surprising/the news that surprises him/her/them.。 the reading room 的含义可
5、以这样理解：the room for reading。 2.很多情况下，动词-ing 形式是以短语的形式出现，作定语时置于被修饰的名词后面。 Do you know the girl reading English in that classroom? The boy wearing a white shirt is my classmate. 这个用法常用来改写定语从句，上两句用定语从句就可以这样表达： Do you know the girl who is reading English in that classroom? The boy wearing a white shirt is
6、 my classmate.=The boy who wears a white shirt is my classmate.=The boy in a white shirt is my classmate. 再如： Do you know the teachers teaching Japanese in our school?=Do you know the teachers who teach Japanese in our school? 以上三句能最好地说明：动词-ing 形式作定语、状语和宾语补足语等常表示主动、进行 的含义。但是动词-ing 形式短语的被动形式作定语常表示正在进
7、行的被动动作。 The meeting being held now is very important. (现在正在开的会很重要。) 对比： The meeting held yesterday is very important. (昨天开的会很重要。) The meeting to be held tomorrow is very important. (明天要开的会很重要。) 通过对比不难发现： 动词-ing 形式短语的被动形式作后置定语常表示正在进行的被动动 作； 过去分词短语作后置定语常表示被动且完成的动作； 不定式短语作后置定语有将要进行 的意思。以上三句话都可以用定语从句来表达
8、，分别是这样的： The meeting that is being held now is very important. The meeting that was held yesterday is very important. The meeting that is going to/will be held tomorrow is very important. 动词动词-ing 形式作状语有以下几种情况形式作状语有以下几种情况： 1.动词-ing 形式作状语，主要的功能是用来改写状语从句的主语和主句主语一致的状语 从句；也就是说动词-ing 形式作状语，其逻辑主语是句子的主语。动词
9、-ing 形式的一般式 (doing.)表示主动、进行的含义，一般置于句首。如: Being a Party member, he does good deeds for others.=Because he is a Party member, he does good deeds for others.(原因状语) Being ill, he didnt go to school yesterday.=Because he was ill, he didnt go to school yesterday.=He didnt go to school yesterday because of
10、 his illness. (原因状语) Walking along the street, he met Lao Wang.=When he was walking along the street, he met Lao Wang.(时间状语) Studying harder, you will make greater progress.=If you study harder, you will make greater progress.=Study harder, and you will make greater progress.(条件状语) Liking Mary very
11、much, John doesnt want her to be his wife.=Though he likes Mary very much, John doesnt want her to be his wife. (让步状语从句) 有时，状语从句用动词-ing 形式来表示，可以在前面加上引导状语从句的连词 when,while,though 等。如： Walking along the street, he met Lao Wang.=When walking along the street, he met Lao Wang. Liking Mary very much, John
12、 doesnt want her to be his wife.=Though liking Mary very much, John doesnt want her to be his wife. 不能把这种情况和状语从句的省略混为一谈。下面的情况属于状语从句的省略： If invited, I will go to his party. (If invited=If I am invited.) When possible, Mr. Li will ask us some questions in English. (When possible=When it is possible) T
13、hough young, he knows a lo of things. (Though young=Though he is young) 如果状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致，状语从句的结构是“从属连词+主语+be 动词+ 其它结构”，状语从句中的“主语+be 动词”可省略。如果状语从句的主语和主句的主语不一 致，状语从句的结构是“从属连词+it+be 动词+其它结构”，状语从句结构中的“it+be 动词”可 省略。它不同与分词和独立结构作状语的结构；分词和独立结构作状语不是省略，是句法结 构的改变。状语从句的省略必须保留引导状语从句的连词，而状语从句用动词-ing 形式来表 示可以在前面
14、加上引导状语从句的连词 when,while,though 等，也可以没有引导状语从句的 连词 when,while,though 等。 2.动词-ing 形式的完成式(having done.)和完成式的被动式(having been done.)作状语用 来改写状语从句，常表示这个动作(或被动的动作)先于主句中的动作且影响主句中的动作， 可置于句首，也可置于句尾，还可以插在主句中变成插入语。如： I got to the office earlier that day, having caught the 7:30 train from Paddington. Having eaten a
15、t the cafeteria before, Tina didnt want to eat there again. Lionel Messi, having set the record for the most goals in a calendar year, is considered the most talented football player in Europe. Having been explained repeatedly, the problem still appeared in the beginners homework. 3.动词-ing 形式作伴随状语，表
16、示这个动作伴随主语的动作。如： The beggar stood by the roadside begging. The teacher walked around in the classroom, waiting for the students to ask questions. 动词动词-ing 形式作宾语补足语的情况形式作宾语补足语的情况： 动词-ing 形式可以放在感官动词 see,observe,watch,find,notice,hear,feel 和表示“使，让， 叫”含义的动词 have,keep,set,leave 的宾语后作宾语补足语，表示正在进行或一直进行的动 作。
17、如： I often hear her singing this song in the next room. Dont leave him waiting in the rain. Sorry to have kept you waiting for a long time. The farmers had their tractors working day and night during the harvest time. His comment set me thinking. 巩固练习巩固练习 根据语境及所给词，完成填空。 Its still exciting to see Cha
18、plins films today. Some people will stand in line for hours (1)_(wait) to buy a ticket (2)_(see) one of his films. Though Chaplins films are mostly silent, they are still popular. People just love the films starred by the great comic actor. (3) _(star) in many famous films, Chaplin was one of the gr
19、eatest actors in the world. In one famous film, Chaplin acted as a poor worker (4)_(wear) old shoes,a round hat, and (5)_(hold) a walking stick. This character (6)_(create) by Chaplin might come from his childhood experiences. Born in London in 1889, Chaplin (7)_(abandon) by his father. Then his mot
20、her died, (8)_(leave) him as an orphan. He became interested in (9)_(act) at the age of five. After leaving school at ten, he began to travel with a British acting company. In 1910, he made his first trip to America. He was talented and hard-working. And by 1916, he had achieved great success. He wa
21、s then the highest-paid actor in the world. He produced,directed and wrote the movies he starred (10)_. In 1972, Chaplin was given a special Oscar for his outstanding work. 1. waiting2.to see3.having starred4.wearing5.holding6.created7.was abandoned8.leaving9.acting 10.in 新牛津高中英语语法讲练十一新牛津高中英语语法讲练十一
22、动词动词-ing 形式作定语、状语和宾语补足语的用法形式作定语、状语和宾语补足语的用法(ss) 动词-ing 形式是动词的现在分词形式，是动词用着进行时的谓语形式。如： We are having our English lesson now. How hard they are working! I will be watching TV this time tomorrow evening. They have been preparing for the final-term exam these days. 对比下面的句子： Hearing the surprising news, s
23、he burst into tears. The meeting being held now is very important. Do you know the teachers teaching English in the Changjiang Middle School? I hear someone singing in the next room. 上面四句中的“Hearing., surprising, being held, teaching., singing.”的动词-ing 形式单 词、短语都不能作谓语，是我们常讲的动词非谓语形式。从语法功能看，它们作状语和定语 和宾语
24、宾语补足语。 动词动词-ing 形式作定语有以下几种情况形式作定语有以下几种情况： 1.单个动词-ing 形式作定语一般置于被修饰的名词前面。英语中有很多动词-ing 形式已 经演变成形容词。如：interesting, surprising 等。 At the surprising news, he let out a cry of surprise. This is such an interesting story that everyone of us wants to read it. 注意对比下面的句子： He is doing his schoolwork in the read
25、ing room. 这里的 reading 是动词-ing 形式，不是现在分词，而是动名词。动名词具备名词的功能， 是动词非谓语的另外一种形式。我们常讲的动词-ing 形式作定语、状语和宾语补足语等，这 个动词-ing 形式属于现在分词的范畴。动词-ing 形式作定语、状语和宾语补足语等常表示主 动、进行的含义。 the surprising news 的含义可以这样理解： the news that is surprising/the news that surprises him/her/them.。 the reading room 的含义可以这样理解：the room for read
26、ing。 2.很多情况下，动词-ing 形式是以短语的形式出现，作定语时置于被修饰的名词后面。 Do you know the girl reading English in that classroom? The boy wearing a white shirt is my classmate. 这个用法常用来改写定语从句，上两句用定语从句就可以这样表达： Do you know the girl who is reading English in that classroom? The boy wearing a white shirt is my classmate.=The boy
27、who wears a white shirt is my classmate.=The boy in a white shirt is my classmate. 再如： Do you know the teachers teaching Japanese in our school?=Do you know the teachers who teach Japanese in our school? 以上三句能最好地说明：动词-ing 形式作定语、状语和宾语补足语等常表示主动、进行 的含义。但是动词-ing 形式短语的被动形式作定语常表示正在进行的被动动作。 The meeting bei
28、ng held now is very important. (现在正在开的会很重要。) 对比： The meeting held yesterday is very important. (昨天开的会很重要。) The meeting to be held tomorrow is very important. (明天要开的会很重要。) 通过对比不难发现： 动词-ing 形式短语的被动形式作后置定语常表示正在进行的被动动 作； 过去分词短语作后置定语常表示被动且完成的动作； 不定式短语作后置定语有将要进行 的意思。以上三句话都可以用定语从句来表达，分别是这样的： The meeting th
29、at is being held now is very important. The meeting that was held yesterday is very important. The meeting that is going to/will be held tomorrow is very important. 动词动词-ing 形式作状语有以下几种情况形式作状语有以下几种情况： 1.动词-ing 形式作状语，主要的功能是用来改写状语从句的主语和主句主语一致的状语 从句；也就是说动词-ing 形式作状语，其逻辑主语是句子的主语。动词-ing 形式的一般式 (doing.)表示主
30、动、进行的含义，一般置于句首。如: Being a Party member, he does good deeds for others.=Because he is a Party member, he does good deeds for others.(原因状语) Being ill, he didnt go to school yesterday.=Because he was ill, he didnt go to school yesterday.=He didnt go to school yesterday because of his illness. (原因状语) Wa
31、lking along the street, he met Lao Wang.=When he was walking along the street, he met Lao Wang.(时间状语) Studying harder, you will make greater progress.=If you study harder, you will make greater progress.=Study harder, and you will make greater progress.(条件状语) Liking Mary very much, John doesnt want
32、her to be his wife.=Though he likes Mary very much, John doesnt want her to be his wife. (让步状语从句) 有时，状语从句用动词-ing 形式来表示，可以在前面加上引导状语从句的连词 when,while,though 等。如： Walking along the street, he met Lao Wang.=When walking along the street, he met Lao Wang. Liking Mary very much, John doesnt want her to be
33、his wife.=Though liking Mary very much, John doesnt want her to be his wife. 不能把这种情况和状语从句的省略混为一谈。下面的情况属于状语从句的省略： If invited, I will go to his party. (If invited=If I am invited.) When possible, Mr. Li will ask us some questions in English. (When possible=When it is possible) Though young, he knows a
34、 lo of things. (Though young=Though he is young) 如果状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致，状语从句的结构是“从属连词+主语+be 动词+ 其它结构”，状语从句中的“主语+be 动词”可省略。如果状语从句的主语和主句的主语不一 致，状语从句的结构是“从属连词+it+be 动词+其它结构”，状语从句结构中的“it+be 动词”可 省略。它不同与分词和独立结构作状语的结构；分词和独立结构作状语不是省略，是句法结 构的改变。状语从句的省略必须保留引导状语从句的连词，而状语从句用动词-ing 形式来表 示可以在前面加上引导状语从句的连词 when,while,
35、though 等，也可以没有引导状语从句的 连词 when,while,though 等。 2.动词-ing 形式的完成式(having done.)和完成式的被动式(having been done.)作状语用 来改写状语从句，常表示这个动作(或被动的动作)先于主句中的动作且影响主句中的动作， 可置于句首，也可置于句尾，还可以插在主句中变成插入语。如： I got to the office earlier that day, having caught the 7:30 train from Paddington. Having eaten at the cafeteria before,
36、 Tina didnt want to eat there again. Lionel Messi, having set the record for the most goals in a calendar year, is considered the most talented football player in Europe. Having been explained repeatedly, the problem still appeared in the beginners homework. 3.动词-ing 形式作伴随状语，表示这个动作伴随主语的动作。如： The beg
37、gar stood by the roadside begging. The teacher walked around in the classroom, waiting for the students to ask questions. 动词动词-ing 形式作宾语补足语的情况形式作宾语补足语的情况： 动词-ing 形式可以放在感官动词 see,observe,watch,find,notice,hear,feel 和表示“使，让， 叫”含义的动词 have,keep,set,leave 的宾语后作宾语补足语，表示正在进行或一直进行的动 作。如： I often hear her sin
38、ging this song in the next room. Dont leave him waiting in the rain. Sorry to have kept you waiting for a long time. The farmers had their tractors working day and night during the harvest time. His comment set me thinking. 巩固练习巩固练习 根据语境及所给词，完成填空。 Its still exciting to see Chaplins films today. Some
39、 people will stand in line for hours (1)_(wait) to buy a ticket (2)_(see) one of his films. Though Chaplins films are mostly silent, they are still popular. People just love the films starred by the great comic actor. (4) _(star) in many famous films, Chaplin was one of the greatest actors in the wo
40、rld. In one famous film, Chaplin acted as a poor worker (4)_(wear) old shoes,a round hat, and (5)_(hold) a walking stick. This character (6)_(create) by Chaplin might come from his childhood experiences. Born in London in 1889, Chaplin (7)_(abandon) by his father. Then his mother died, (8)_(leave) h
41、im as an orphan. He became interested in (9)_(act) at the age of five. After leaving school at ten, he began to travel with a British acting company. In 1910, he made his first trip to America. He was talented and hard-working. And by 1916, he had achieved great success. He was then the highest-paid actor in the world. He produced,directed and wrote the movies he starred (10)_. In 1972, Chaplin was given a special Oscar for his outstanding work.
