1、Unit 4 1 The scientist is motivated primarily by curiosity and a desire for truth. Irving Langmuir (page 43) 科学家的驱动力主要是好奇心和对真理的渴望。欧文 朗缪尔 该句出自美国化学家、物理学家欧文 朗缪尔。朗缪尔因在表面化学的贡献于 1932 年获得诺贝尔化学奖。这句话意在说明科学家应保有一颗好奇心，勇于追求真理。 2 Tu Youyou has become the first female scientist of the Peoples Republic of China to
2、receive a Nobel Prize, awarded for her contribution to the fight against malaria, one of the deadliest diseases in human history. (page 44, lines 15) 屠呦呦成为中华人民共和国第一位获得诺贝尔奖的女科学家。她获奖是因为她在抗 击疟疾中做出的贡献，疟疾是人类历史上最致命的疾病之一。 (1) 疟疾又称寒热病，曾经肆虐全世界，夺去了无数人的生命。在人类和疟疾的战斗 中，最初有效的药物是奎宁，二战时期科学家又发明了奎宁替代物氯喹，一 度是抗击疟疾的特效药。
3、但引发疟疾的疟原虫被抑制了近 200 年之后抗药性逐 渐增强，20 世纪 60 年代再度肆虐东南亚，疫情蔓延到无法控制的地步。 (2) 句中 deadly 是形容词，意为致命的。如： The leaves of certain trees contain a deadly poison. 某些树的叶子含有致命毒素。 3 In the 1960s, many people were dying of malaria, and in 1969 Tu became head of a team that intended to find a cure for the disease. (page 4
4、4, lines 1315) 在 20 世纪 60 年代，许多人死于疟疾。1969 年屠呦呦担任了一个课题组的组长，计 划找到该疾病的治疗方法。 句中 intend 意为打算，计划。如： I intend to stay for a couple of days there. 我打算在那里住几天。 4 When they failed to produce any promising results, Tu referred to the ancient books of traditional Chinese medicine again. (page 45, lines 1618) 当它们
5、未能产生预期效果时，屠呦呦再次查阅历代中医典籍。 句中 refer to 意为查阅，查看。如： She referred to a history book to find out the exact date of the event. 她查阅了一本历史书以弄清该事件发生的确切日期。 5 Inspired by an over 1,600-year-old text about preparing qinghao extract with cold water, Tu redesigned the experiments and tried extracting the herb at a
6、low temperature in order not to damage its effective part. (page 45, lines 1820) 据一本 1600 多年前的古籍记载，古人通过冷水制备青蒿提取物，受此启发，屠呦呦重 93 新设计了实验，为了不破坏其（抗疟的）有效成分，她尝试在低温下提取青蒿。 青蒿在中国的应用已经有 2000 多年历史。关于入药最早见于马王堆三号汉墓出土 的帛书五十二病方，而青蒿治疗疟疾的记载则始见于东晋葛洪所著的肘后备急 方。在反复研读文献过程中，屠呦呦发现肘后备急方上讲到：青蒿一握，以水二 升渍，绞取汁，尽服之。这给了屠呦呦新的启发，她重新设计
7、了研究方案，发现在低温 下用乙醚提取青蒿效果最好。 6 When there was no research equipment, they had to extract herbs using household water containers. (page 45, lines 2526) 当时没有研究设备，他们就用家用的盛水容器提取青蒿。 句中 household 是形容词，意为家庭的；household 也可以作名词，意为一家人。如： It is important to recycle household waste. 回收家庭垃圾是重要的。 Most households now
8、own at least one computer. 现在大多数家庭拥有至少一台电脑。 7 The trials on patients were likely to be postponed because they did not have sufficient safety data. (page 45, lines 2930) 因为他们没有充足的安全性数据，在病人身上进行试验有可能推迟。 句中 sufficient 意为足够的。如： Did you have sufficient time to finish the book? 你有充裕的时间写完这本书吗？ 8 The efforts
9、 of Tu and her team finally paid off. (page 45, line 32) 屠呦呦和其团队的努力终于有了回报。 句中 pay off 意为得到回报，获得成功。如： He finally succeeded and all his hard work paid off. 他终于成功了，所有努力都有了回报。 9 Perhaps the next generation of scientists, drawing on the wisdom of traditional Chinese medicine, will indeed discover more me
10、dicines beneficial to global health care. (page 45, lines 3840) 也许下一代的科学家借鉴中医的智慧，将发现更多有益于全球医疗的药物。 (1) 句中 draw on 意为利用，动用。如： He had rich experience to draw on. 他有丰富的经验可供借鉴。 (2) 句中 wisdom 意为智慧，知识，学问。如： The book serves as a bridge between ancient wisdom and modern science. 这本书成为古代智慧和现代科学的桥梁。 (3) 句中 ben
11、eficial 意为有益的，有用的。如： 94The food is beneficial to the brain function. 这种食物对于大脑功能有帮助。 10 One might think Fleming discovered penicillin by accident, but actually this is far from the truth. (page 48) 有人可能会认为弗莱明发现青霉素是出于偶然，然而实际上，这远非事实。 (1) 句中 by accident 意为偶然地，意外地。如： We met each other in the coffee shop
12、by accident. 我们在咖啡厅不期而遇。 (2) 句中 far from 意为远非，几乎相反。如： The paperless office is still far from coming true. 无纸化办公还远没有实现。 11 When a thunderstorm approached, the lightning would charge the key. (page 49) 当雷雨来临，闪电就会给钥匙充电。 句中 charge 意为充电。如： You dont have to charge your mobile phone all night. 你不必给手机整夜充电。
13、12 Science Festival goes off with a bang! (page 51) (1) 句中 go off 意为（以某种方式）发生，还有开火，爆炸的意思，与后面的 with a bang 呼应，让人联想到宇宙大爆炸（the Big Bang），增加标题的趣味性。如： How did the meeting go off? 会议开得如何？ The fireworks went off all over the town. 镇上到处都在放烟花。 (2) 句中 with a bang 意为极为成功，引人注目。如： Their concert went with a bang.
14、 他们的音乐会极为成功。 13 The Value of Science (page 53) 本文改写自理查德 费曼（19181988）的演讲。费曼是美国著名物理学家，1965 年诺贝尔物理学奖得主。1942 年，24 岁的费曼加入美国原子弹研究项目小组，参与 秘密研制原子弹的项目曼哈顿计划。 14 I had to ask myself, Is there some evil involved in science? (page 53, lines 45) 我不得不问自己：科学里是不是有罪恶？ 句中 involve 意为牵涉，牵连，影响。如： How many people were inv
15、olved in the staff cutback? 这次裁员涉及多少人？ 9515 Of course, if we make good things, it is not only to the credit of science; it is also to the credit of the moral choice which led us to good work. (page 53, lines 1113) 当然，如果我们做了善事，不仅归功于科学，还归功于引导我们行善的道德选择。 (1) 句中 credit 意为认可，赞扬。如： We dont mind who gets th
16、e credit as long as we dont get the blame. 谁受表扬都无所谓，只要我们不挨批评。 (2) 句中 moral 意为道德的，基于道德的，道义的。如： The article says that an increase in crime indicates serious problems with moral standards. 文章说犯罪活动增多表明道德标准方面出现了严重的问题。 16 Never concerned that the answer may let us down, with pleasure and confidence we tur
17、n over each new stone to find unimagined strangeness leading on to more wonderful questions and mysteries. (page 54, lines 2022) 我们从不担心答案会令人失望，总是快乐而自信地开始每一次新探索，发现一些意想 不到、稀奇古怪的东西，随之而来的是更加奇妙的问题和奥秘。 (1) 句中 let sb down 意为使某人失望。如： Im sorry that I have let you down. 对不起，我让你失望了。 (2) 句中 turn over each new s
18、tone 字面意思是翻开一块块新的石头，引申意思是 进行一次次新的探索。 17 The scientist has a lot of experience with ignorance and doubt and uncertainty, and this experience is of very great importance. (page 54, lines 2527) 科学家经常会经历无知、疑惑和不确定，而这种经历是十分重要的。 句中 ignorance 意为无知，形容词形式是 ignorant，意为不了解的，无知的，愚昧 的，它们都是由动词 ignore 加词缀构成的。如： It
19、is said that poverty and ignorance are the enemies of progress. 有人说，贫穷和无知是进步之敌。 We remain ignorant of the causes of this disease. 我们对这个疾病的起因仍然一无所知。 18 Now, we scientists take it for granted that it is perfectly possible to live and not know. (page 54, lines 3031) 现在，我们科学家理所当然地认为，人类一无所知地活着是完全有可能的。 句中
20、 take it for granted (that .) 意为认为是理所当然的。如： He just took it for granted that I would follow his advice. 他还想当然地认为我会听从他的建议。 9619 It is our responsibility as scientists, knowing the great progress that is the fruit of freedom of thought, to declare the value of this freedom; to teach how doubt is not t
21、o be feared but to be welcomed and discussed; and to demand this freedom as our duty to all coming generations. (page 54, lines 3740) 作为科学家，我们明白巨大进步源于思想自由，因此，我们有责任声明这一自由的价 值；有责任教育人们不必害怕怀疑，而要欢迎怀疑、讨论怀疑；有责任强烈要求这一自 由，这就是我们对后世的义务。 (1) 这是一个长句，句首 it 是形式主语，真正的主语是三个并列的动词不定式短语； knowing the great progress that is the fruit of freedom of thought 是动词 -ing 形式充当原因状语。 (2) 句中 declare 意为声明，宣称；declare 还有宣布，宣告的意思。如： The government declared a state of emergency following the tsunami. 海啸过后，政府宣布进入紧急状态。
