1、新牛津高中英语语法讲练十二新牛津高中英语语法讲练十二 动词动词-ed 形式作定语、状语和宾语补足语的用法形式作定语、状语和宾语补足语的用法 动词-ed 形式是动词的过去分词形式， 是动词用着完成时和完成进行时的谓语形式。 如： We have studied English for three years. He has joined the Party. Lao Wang had worked in that factory for five years before he moved to Nantong. We have been preparing for the national e
2、xam these days. By the time you get to London I will have stayed there for five months. 对比下面的句子： Japan is one of the developed countries in the world. This is the bridge built 100 years ago. Hunted everywhere, the wolf had no place to hide in. When we saw the road blocked with snow, we decided to sp
3、end the holiday at home. 上面四句中的“developed, built 100 years ago, Hunted everywhere, blocked with snow”的动 词-ed 形式单词、短语都不能作谓语，是我们常讲的动词非谓语形式。从语法功能看，它们 作定语和状语及宾语宾语补足语。 动词动词-ed 形式作定语有以下几种情况形式作定语有以下几种情况： 1.单个动词-ed 形式作定语一般置于被修饰的名词前面。 英语中有很多动词-ed 形式已经 演变成形容词。如：frightened, interested, surprised 等。 我们都知道，动词-in
4、g 形式作定语、状语和宾语补足语等常表示主动、进行的含义，而 动词-ed 形式作定语、状语和宾语补足语等常表示被动、完成的含义。对比以下短语： the changing world 变化着的世界；the changed world 变化了的世界 falling leaves 正在飘落的叶子；fallen leaves 落叶，枯叶 the rising sun 正在升起的太阳；the risen sun 已经升起的太阳 developing countries 发展中国家/不发达国家 developed countries 发达国家 要注意的是：无论是动词-ing 形式还是动词-ed 形式，当它
5、们用着非谓语时，也就是作 作定语、状语和宾语补足语等时与进行时和完成时是没有关系的。动词-ing 形式多样，有一 般式(doing)、一般形式的被动式(being done)、完成式(having done)、完成式的被动式(having been done);而动词-ed 形式单一，就是 done 的形式。 2.很多情况下，动词-ed 形式是以短语的形式出现，作定语时置于被修饰的名词后面。 Most colleges now offer first-year students a course specially designed to help them succeed academica
6、lly and personally. In art criticism, you must assume the artist has a secret message hidden within the work. To return to the problem of water pollution, Id like you to look at a study conducted in Australia in 2012. 这个用法常用来改写定语从句，上三句用定语从句就可以这样表达： Most colleges now offer first-year students a cours
7、e which is specially designed to help them succeed academically and personally. In art criticism, you must assume the artist has a secret message which is hidden within the work. To return to the problem of water pollution, Id like you to look at a study which was conducted in Australia in 2012. 不难看
8、出，动词-ed 形式一般用来改写被动形式的定语从句；动词-ed 形式作定语、状 语和宾语补足语等常表示被动、完成的含义。 动词动词-ed 形式作状语有以下几种情况形式作状语有以下几种情况： 1.动词-ed 形式作状语，主要的功能是用来改写状语从句的主语和主句主语一致的被动 形式的状语从句； 也就是说动词-ed 形式作状语， 其逻辑主语是句子的主语并构成被动关系。 Ordered over a week ago, the books are expected to arrive any time now.=Because they were ordered over a week ago, th
9、e books are expected to arrive any time now.(原因状语) Seen from the top of the hill, our school looks beautiful.=If it is seen from the top of the hill, our school looks beautiful.(条件状语) Exposed to the sun for a long time, the girl fell onto the ground.=Because she was exposed to the sun for a long tim
10、e, the girl fell onto the ground.(原因状语) 2.动词-ed 形式作伴随状语，表示这个被动动作伴随主句主语的动作。如： He kept studying all the day locked in the room. The teacher entered the classroom, followed by a group of students. 3.状语从句用动词-ed 形式来改写，可以在前面加上引导状语从句的连词 if, when,while 等。其实，这和被动形式的状语从句的省略是一致的。如果状语从句的主语和主句的主语一 致，状语从句的结构是“从属连
11、词+主语+be 动词+其它结构”，状语从句中的“主语+be 动词” 可省略。如： If invited, I will go to his party. (=If I am invited, I will go to his party.) There are some health problems that, when not treated in time, can become bigger ones later on.(There are some health problems that, when they are not treated in time, can become
12、bigger ones later on.) The conflict between economic development and environmental protection, if not appropriately managed, can cause disastrous consequences in daily life.(=If it is not appropriately managed, the conflict between economic development and environmental protection can cause disastro
13、us consequences in daily life.) To the couples great surprise, the house was in a mess as if broken into.(=To the couples great surprise, the house was in a mess as if it had been broken into) 由于这种状语从句本身的特征，有时用省略结构比单纯使用过去分词更常见。如： Unless invited/If not invited, I will not attend the opening ceremony.
14、 动词动词-ed 形式作宾语补足语的情况形式作宾语补足语的情况： 动词-ed 形式可以放在感官动词 see,observe,watch,find,notice,hear,feel 和表示“使， 让， 叫” 含义的动词 have,keep,make,leave 的宾语后作宾语补足语，表示被动、完成的动作。如： I often hear the song sung by him in the next room. Please keep me informed of the change of the plan. I had my hair cut yesterday. I am afraid y
15、ou cannot help me, for I have my students papers graded. 巩固练习巩固练习 用所给词的正确形式填空 With only about 1000 pandas (1)_(leave) in the world, China is desperately trying to clone the animal and save the (2)_(endanger) species. Thats a move similar to what a Texas A 而动词-ed 形式单一，就是 done 的形式。 2.很多情况下，动词-ed 形式是以短
16、语的形式出现，作定语时置于被修饰的名词后面。 Most colleges now offer first-year students a course specially designed to help them succeed academically and personally. In art criticism, you must assume the artist has a secret message hidden within the work. To return to the problem of water pollution, Id like you to look
17、at a study conducted in Australia in 2012. 这个用法常用来改写定语从句，上三句用定语从句就可以这样表达： Most colleges now offer first-year students a course which is specially designed to help them succeed academically and personally. In art criticism, you must assume the artist has a secret message which is hidden within the wo
18、rk. To return to the problem of water pollution, Id like you to look at a study which was conducted in Australia in 2012. 不难看出，动词-ed 形式一般用来改写被动形式的定语从句；动词-ed 形式作定语、状 语和宾语补足语等常表示被动、完成的含义。 动词动词-ed 形式作状语有以下几种情况形式作状语有以下几种情况： 1.动词-ed 形式作状语，主要的功能是用来改写状语从句的主语和主句主语一致的被动 形式的状语从句； 也就是说动词-ed 形式作状语， 其逻辑主语是句子的主语并
19、构成被动关系。 Ordered over a week ago, the books are expected to arrive any time now.=Because they were ordered over a week ago, the books are expected to arrive any time now.(原因状语) Seen from the top of the hill, our school looks beautiful.=If it is seen from the top of the hill, our school looks beautifu
20、l.(条件状语) Exposed to the sun for a long time, the girl fell onto the ground.=Because she was exposed to the sun for a long time, the girl fell onto the ground.(原因状语) 2.动词-ed 形式作伴随状语，表示这个被动动作伴随主句主语的动作。如： He kept studying all the day locked in the room. The teacher entered the classroom, followed by a
21、group of students. 3.状语从句用动词-ed 形式来改写，可以在前面加上引导状语从句的连词 if, when,while 等。其实，这和被动形式的状语从句的省略是一致的。如果状语从句的主语和主句的主语一 致，状语从句的结构是“从属连词+主语+be 动词+其它结构”，状语从句中的“主语+be 动词” 可省略。如： If invited, I will go to his party. (=If I am invited, I will go to his party.) There are some health problems that, when not treated
22、in time, can become bigger ones later on.(There are some health problems that, when they are not treated in time, can become bigger ones later on.) The conflict between economic development and environmental protection, if not appropriately managed, can cause disastrous consequences in daily life.(=
23、If it is not appropriately managed, the conflict between economic development and environmental protection can cause disastrous consequences in daily life.) To the couples great surprise, the house was in a mess as if broken into.(=To the couples great surprise, the house was in a mess as if it had
24、been broken into) 由于这种状语从句本身的特征，有时用省略结构比单纯使用过去分词更常见。如： Unless invited/If not invited, I will not attend the opening ceremony. 动词动词-ed 形式作宾语补足语的情况形式作宾语补足语的情况： 动词-ed 形式可以放在感官动词 see,observe,watch,find,notice,hear,feel 和表示“使， 让， 叫” 含义的动词 have,keep,make,leave 的宾语后作宾语补足语，表示被动、完成的动作。如： I often hear the son
25、g sung by him in the next room. Please keep me informed of the change of the plan. I had my hair cut yesterday. I am afraid you cannot help me, for I have my students papers graded. 巩固练习巩固练习 用所给词的正确形式填空 With only about 1000 pandas (1)_(leave) in the world, China is desperately trying to clone the an
26、imal and save the (2)_(endanger) species. Thats a move similar to what a Texas A & M University researchers have been undertaking for the past five years in a project (3)_(call) “Noahs Ark”. Noahs Ark is (4)_(aim) at collecting eggs, embryos, semen and DNA of endangered animals and storing them in l
27、iquid nitrogen. If certain species should become extinct, Dr. Duane Kraemer, a professor in Texas A & Ms College of Veterinary Medicine, says there would be enough of the basic (5)_(build) blocks to reintroduce the species in the future. It is estimated that as many as 2000 species of mammals, birds
28、 and reptiles will become extinct in over 100 years. The panda, native only to China, is in danger of (6)_(become) extinct in the next 25 years. This week, Chinese scientists said they grew an embryo by introducing cells from a dead female panda into the egg cells of a Japanese white rabbit. They ar
29、e now trying to implant the embryo into a host animal. The entire procedure could take from three to five years (7)_(complete). “The nuclear transfer(核子移植) of one species to another is not easy, and the lack of available panda eggs could be a major problem,” Kraemer believes. “They will probably hav
30、e to do several hundred transfers (8)_(result) in one pregnancy. It takes a long time and its difficult, but this could be groundbreaking science if it works. They are certainly not putting any live pandas at risk, so it is worth the effort,” adds Kraemer, who is one of the leaders of the Project at
31、 Texas A& M, the first-ever attempt at (9)_(clone) a dog. “They are trying to do something thats never been done, and this is very similar to our work in Noahs Ark. Were both trying to save animals (10)_(face) extinction. I certainly appreciate their effort and theres a lot we can learn from what they are attempting to do. Its a research that is very much needed.”
