1、阅读理解专题 江苏省扬州高中 2020- 2021 学年高一下学期开学检测英语试题 第一节第一节 (共共 15小题；每小题小题；每小题 2.5 分，满分分，满分 37.5 分分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C 和和 D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上 将该项涂黑。将该项涂黑。 A My Favourite Books Jo Usmar is a writer for Cosmopolitan and co- author of the This Book Will series(系列) of lifestyle
2、books. Here she picks her top reads. Matilda Roald Dahl I once wrote a paper on the influence of fairy tales on Roald Dahls writing and it gave me a new appreciation for his strange and delightful words. Matildas battles with her cruel parents and the bossy headmistress, Miss Trunchbull, are equally
3、 funny and frightening, but theyre also aspirational. After Dark Haruki Murakami Its about two sistersEri, a model who either wont or cant stop sleeping, and Mari, a young student. In trying to connect to her sister, Mari starts changing her life and discovers a world of diverse night people who are
4、 hiding secrets. Gone Girl Gillian Fynn There was a bit of me that didnt want to love this when everyone else on the planet did, but the horror story is brilliant. Theres tension and anxiety from the beginning as Nick and Amy battle for your trust. Its a real whodunit and the frustration when you re
5、alise whats going on is horribly enjoyable. The Stand Stephen King This is an excellent fantasy novel from one of the best storytellers around. After a serious flu outbreak wipes out 99.4% of the worlds population, a battle unfolds between good and evil among those left. Randall Flagg is one of the
6、scariest characters ever. 1. Who does I refer to in the text? A. Stephen King. B. Gillian Flynn. C. Jo Usmar. D. Roald Dahl. 2. Which of the following tells about Mari and Eri? A. Cosmopolitan. B. Matilda. C. After Dark. D. The Stand. 3. What kind of book is Gone Girl? A. A folk tale. B. A biography
7、. C. A love story. D. A horror story. 【答案】1. C 2. C 3. D 【解析】 这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了作家 Jo Usmar 选出的四本好书。 【1 题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段 Jo Usmar is a writer for Cosmopolitan and co- author of the This Book Will series(系 列) of lifestyle books. Here she picks her top reads.可知，下文介绍作家 Jo Usmar选出的最好的读物，所以 下文中的I指的是 Jo Usmar。
8、故 C选项正确。 【2 题详解】 细节理解题。 根据 After Dark 中 Its about two sisterEri, a model who either wont or cant stop sleeping, and Mari, a young student.可知，故事讲的是两个姐妹Eri是一个要么不睡，要么一觉不醒的模特，玛丽， 是一个年轻学生。所以 After Dark 中讲述了 Eri和 Mari的故事。故 C 选项正确。 【3 题详解】 细节理解题。由 Gone Girl中的.but the horror story is brilliant.可知，这是一个恐怖故事。故
9、 D选项正确。 B You can use me as a last resort(选择), and if nobody else volunteers, then I will do it. This was an actual reply from a parent after I put out a request for volunteers for my kids lacrosse(长曲棍球) club. I guess that theres probably some demanding work schedule, or social anxiety around steppi
10、ng up to help for an unknown sport. She may just need a little persuading. So I try again and tug at the heartstrings. I mention the single parent with four kids running the show and I talk about the dad coaching a team that his kids arent even on At this point the unwilling parent speaks up, Alrigh
11、t. Yes, Ill do it. Im secretly relieved because I know theres real power in sharing volunteer responsibilities among many. The unwilling parent organizes the meal schedule, sends out emails, and collects money for end- of- season gifts. Somewhere along the way, the same parent ends up becoming an in
12、valuable member of the team. The coach is able to focus on the kids while the other parents are relieved to be off the hook for another season. Handing out sliced oranges to bloodthirsty kids can be as exciting as watching your own kid score a goal. Still, most of us volunteers breathe a sigh of rel
13、ief when the season comes to a close. That relief is coupled with a deep understanding of why the same people keep coming back for more: Connecting to the community(社 区) as you freely give your time, money, skills, or services provides a real joy. Volunteering just feels so good. In that sense, Im p
14、retty sure volunteering is more of a selfish act than Id freely like to admit. However, if others benefit in the process, and I get some reward too, does it really matter where my motivation lies? 4. What can we infer about the parent from her reply in paragraph l？ A. She knows little about the club
15、. B. She isnt good at sports. C. She just doesnt want to volunteer. D. Shes unable to meet her schedule. 5. What does the underlined phrase tug at the heartstrings in paragraph 2 mean? A. Encourage teamwork. B. Appeal to feelings. C. Promote good deeds. D. Provide advice. 6. What can we learn about
16、the parent from paragraph 3? A. She gets interested in lacrosse. B. She is proud of her kids. C. Shell work for another season. D. She becomes a good helper. 7. Why does the author like doing volunteer work? A. It gives her a sense of duty. B. It makes her very happy. C. It enables her to work hard.
17、 D. It brings her material rewards. 【答案】4. C 5. B 6. D 7. B 【解析】 本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。 文中讲述了作者成功说服了一个家长参加志愿者团队， 并且这位家长后来成为 这个团队中有力的帮手，同时作者在参与志愿者活动过程中也获得了很多快乐。 【4 题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第一段中的 You can use me as a last resort(选择), and if nobody else volunteers, then I will do it.可知，这位家长说如果其他人都不愿意做志愿者的工作，她会做这份工作，作者可以把她当
18、作最后的备选，也就是她不愿意做志愿者的工作。故选 C。 【5 题详解】 词义猜测题。根据划线前句 she may just need a little persuading.和下面的一句话 I mention the single parent with four kids running the show and I talk about the dad coaching a team that his kids arent even on .可知， 作者为了劝服这位家长，举了两个例子。故可知，划线句此处应是煽情之意。故选 B。 【6 题详解】 细节理解题。 根据第三段中这位家长作出的贡献及
19、 the same parent ends up becoming an invaluable member of the team.可知，她最终成为了志愿者队伍中的重要的一员，也即是说，她成了一个好帮手。故选 D。 【7 题详解】 细节理解题。 题干问作者为什么喜欢做志愿者工作。 根据第四段最后两句 Connecting to the community(社 区) as you freely give your time, money, skills, or services provides a real joy. Volunteering just feels so good. 可知，为
20、社区做贡献可以带来真正的快乐，参加志愿者活动活动能让人感觉快乐。故选 B。 C Marian Bechtel sits at West Palm Beachs Bar Louie counter by herself, quietly reading her e- book as she waits for her salad. What is she reading? None of your business! Lunch is Bechtels me time. And like more Americans, shes not alone. A new report found 46
21、percent of meals are eaten alone in America. More than half(53 percent) have breakfast alone and nearly half(46 percent) have lunch by themselves. Only at dinnertime are we eating together anymore, 74 percent, according to statistics from the report. I prefer to go out and be out. Alone, but togethe
22、r, you know? Bechtel said, looking up from her book. Bechtel, who works in downtown West Palm Beach, has lunch with coworkers sometimes, but like many of us, too often works through lunch at her desk. A lunchtime escape allows her to keep a boss from tapping her on the shoulder. She returns to work
23、feeling energized. Today, I just wanted some time to myself, she said. Just two seats over, Andrew Mazoleny, a local videographer, is finishing his lunch at the bar. He likes that he can sit and check his phone in peace or chat up the barkeeper with whom hes on a first- name basis if he wants to hav
24、e a little interaction(交流). I reflect on how my days gone and think about the rest of the week, he said. Its a chance for self- reflection. You return to work recharged and with a plan. That freedom to choose is one reason more people like to eat alone. There was a time when people may have felt awk
25、ward about asking for a table for one, but those days are over. Now, we have our smartphones to keep us company at the table. It doesnt feel as alone as it may have before all the advances in technology, said Laurie Demeritt, whose company provided the statistics for the report. 8. What are the stat
26、istics in paragraph 2 about? A. Food variety. B. Eating habits. C. Table manners. D. Restaurant service. 9. Why does Bechtel prefer to go out for lunch? A. To meet with her coworkers. B. To catch up with her work. C. To have some time on her own. D. To collect data for her report. 10. What do we kno
27、w about Mazoleny? A. He makes videos for the bar. B. Hes fond of the food at the bar. C. He interviews customers at the bar. D. Hes familiar with the barkeeper. 11. What is the text mainly about? A. The trend of having meals alone. B. The importance of self- reflection. C. The stress from working ov
28、ertime. D. The advantage of wireless technology. 【答案】8. B 9. C 10. D 11. A 【解析】 本文是一篇说明文。据一份报告显示，越来越多的美国人喜欢独自用餐，并通过两个实例加以说明，文 章总结了人们喜欢独自用餐的原因。 【8 题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段可知，在美国，约有 46%的人们独自用餐，53%的人们独自吃早餐，46%的人 们独自吃午餐，只有 74%的人们晚餐不是独自享用，故可知本段的数据是关于用餐习惯，故选 B。 【9 题详解】 细节理解题。 根据第三段A lunchtime escape allows her to
29、 keep a boss from tapping her on the shoulder. Today, I just wanted some time to myself.可知，Bechtel一个人吃午饭可以让她逃离老板的关注，给自己留一些 自由时间，故选 C。 【10 题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段 he likes that he can sit and check his phone in peace or chat up the barkeeper with whom hes on a first- name basis if he wants to have a little
30、interaction.可知，Mazoleny喜欢这样的气氛，因 为可以坐在那里安静查看手机信息，或者想聊天了，可以直呼吧台服务员名字和他聊天，故可知，他与 服务员很熟悉，可以直呼对方名字，故选 D。 【11 题详解】 主旨大意题。 本文通过一份调查结果显示美国人喜欢独自用餐的趋势， 并总结了人们选择独自用餐的原 因，故选 A。 D Youve probably seen ads for apps promising to make you smarter in just a few minutes a day. Hundreds of so- called brain training pr
31、ograms can be bought for download. These simple games are designed to challenge mental abilities, with the ultimate goal of improving the performance of important everyday tasks. But can just clicking away at animations of swimming fish or flashed streets signs on your phone really help you improve
32、the way your brain functions? Two large groups of scientists and mental health practitioners published consensus statements, months apart in 2014, on the effectiveness of these kinds of brain games. Both included people with years of research experience and expertise in cognition (认知), learning, ski
33、ll acquisition, neuroscience and dementia (痴呆). Both groups carefully considered the same body of evidence available at the time. However, they issued exactly opposite statements. One concluded that there is little evidence that playing brain games improves potential broad cognitive abilities, or th
34、at it enables one to better handle a complex condition of everyday life. The other argued that a large and growing body of evidence shows that certain cognitive training methods can significantly improve cognitive function, including in ways that generalize to everyday life. Brain training programs
35、are an attractive shortcut, a get smart quick scheme. But improving or maintaining cognition is likely not going to be quick and easy. Instead, it may require a lifetime or at least an extended period of cognitive challenge and learning. If youre worried about your cognition, what should you do? Fir
36、st, if you do engage in brain games, and you enjoy them, please continue to play. But keep your expectations realistic. If youre playing only to obtain cognitive benefits, instead consider other activities that might be as cognitively inspiring, or at least more rewarding like learning a new languag
37、e, for instance, or learning to play a musical instrument. 12. How did the scientists make their findings? A. By collecting statistics from research. B. By observing available evidence. C. By recording cognitive changes. D. By comparing the differences. 13. The second study could possibly lead to _.
38、 A. solutions to cognitive difficulty B. promotion of puzzle games C. new ways to improve cognitive function D. further research into brain training 14. What does the author think of puzzle games? A. It is completely illegal. B. It is of much practice. C. It is hardly acceptable. D. It is of little
39、value. 15. What could most probably be discussed in the following paragraph? A. The examples of cognitive activities. B. The tips on playing cognitive games. C. The disadvantages of puzzle games. D. The affection for puzzle games. 【答案】12. B 13. B 14. D 15. A 【解析】 【分析】 本文是一篇议论文。 文章论述了两大组科学家和心理健康从业人员就
40、这类益智游戏的有效性发 表了截然相反的声明。 【12 题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段Both groups carefully considered the same body of evidence available at the time. (两组人都仔细考虑了当时可用的同一组证据)可知，科学家们是通过观察现有的证据得出他们的发现 的。故选 B项。 【13 题详解】 细节理解题。根据倒数第四段a large and growing body of evidence shows that certain cognitive training methods can significant
41、ly improve cognitive function, including in ways that generalize to everyday life. (大量 且越来越多的证据表明，某些认知训练方法可以显著改善认知功能，包括可以推广到日常生活的方式) 可知，第二项研究可能会导致益智游戏推广。故选 B项。 【14 题详解】 推理判断题。 根据最后一段If youre playing only to obtain cognitive benefits, instead consider other activities that might be as cognitively ins
42、piring, or at least more rewarding like learning a new language, for instance, or learning to play a musical instrument. (如果你演奏乐器只是为了获得认知上的好处，那么你可以考虑其他 可能同样能激发认知的活动， 或者至少是更有意义的活动比如学习一门新的语言， 或者学习演奏一 种乐器)可推知，作者觉得益智游戏没有太大的价值。故选 D项。 【15 题详解】 推理判断题。 根据最后一段If youre playing only to obtain cognitive benefit
43、s, instead consider other activities that might be as cognitively inspiring, or at least more rewarding like learning a new language, for instance, or learning to play a musical instrument. (如果你演奏乐器只是为了获得认知上的好处，那么你可以考虑其他 可能同样能激发认知的活动， 或者至少是更有意义的活动比如学习一门新的语言， 或者学习演奏一 种乐器)可推知，作者接下来一段会举一些认知活动的例子。故选 A 项
44、。 江苏省泰州市第二中学 2020- 2021 学年高一下学期期初检测英语试题 第一节 (共 15 小题；每小题 2.5 分，满分 37.5 分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C 和 D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂 黑。 A Nobel prize winners sometimes display as much uniqueness when deciding how to spend their prize money as they did on the work that won them the award in the first place. Whe
45、n Sir Paul Nurse won the Nobel Prize in Medicine in 2001, he decided to upgrade his motorbike. A fellow winner in 1993, Richard Roberts, installed a croquet lawn in front of his house. Austrian author Elfriede Jelinek, who won in 2004, said the prize meant financial independence Lars Heikensten, exe
46、cutive director of the Nobel Foundation, said there were no obvious shopping trends among winners. I think it depends a lot on which country they come from, their personal finances. what kind of incomes they have, when they get the prize， he said. Real estate, however, is a popular option, at least
47、among those willing to reveal what they spend the money on. Phillip Sharp, the American co- winner of the 1993 medicine prize, decided to splash out on a 100yearold Federal style house. I took that money and bought a little bit bigger house. Its a beautiful old place， he told AFP(法新社), adding that T
48、he money is a nice part of the process， but the important thing about the prize is the recognition For winners of the peace prize the decision is often more clear- cut,_as the honour tends to go to politicians, organizations and activists who are under more public supervision. Many, like the US Pres
49、ident Barack Obama in 2009 and the European Union in 2012, donate to charities. Literature winners tend to be more private about how they use the money, but the choice is often equally straightforward. Even if Nobel- winning authors are quite well known, many of them will not have made much money from writing， said Anna Gunder, a Nobel literature expert at Uppsala University. While the prize might keep the wolf from the door for some years, giving them freedom to write, it can also briefly have the opposite effect. It really changes their careers. During the first year after theyve won, th
