1、人教版新教材高中英语必修三人教版新教材高中英语必修三 Unit 2 MORALS AND VIRTUES 单词详解课件 1. moral: adj. 道德的道德的; 道义上道义上的的 n. 品品行行; 道德道德; 寓意寓意 morally adv.道德上道德上 immoral adj. 不道德的不道德的 a moral question : 道德道德问题问题 traditional moral values 传统的道德观念传统的道德观念 act morally 循规蹈矩循规蹈矩 1)We will give them moral support. 2)I think we have a mor
2、al responsibility to help the poor people. 3)Young people these days have no morals. you will succeed if you work hard. 2. virtue: n. 高尚的道德高尚的道德; 美德美德; 优秀优秀品质品质 virtual adj. 实质上的，实际上的，虚拟的实质上的，实际上的，虚拟的 1)His virtue is patience. 2)Honesty is a virtue. 3)Virtue is beyond price. 3. dilemma: n.困境困境; 进退两难
3、进退两难的境地的境地 face a dilemma: 面临左右为难的困境面临左右为难的困境 be in a dilemma: 处于进退两难的处于进退两难的境地境地 moral dilemma: 道德道德困境困境 She was faced with the dilemma of whether to return to her country. get in trouble 陷入麻烦 run into trouble 陷入困境 get you in trouble 给你惹麻烦 invite trouble 招灾惹祸，招麻烦 ask for trouble 自找麻烦，自寻烦恼 make trou
4、ble 制造麻烦 cause sb. too much trouble 给某人添了太多麻烦 out of trouble 摆脱麻烦，脱离困境 take the trouble to do sth. 不辞劳苦做某事 have trouble with sth.在某事方面有困难 have trouble/difficultyin doing sth.做某事有困难 4. faint: v.昏昏倒倒;晕厥晕厥 adj.不清楚的不清楚的; 微弱微弱的的 faint from hunger 饿昏过去饿昏过去 a faint memory 模糊的记忆模糊的记忆 a faint light 微弱的光线微弱的光
5、线 a faint smile 淡淡的微笑淡淡的微笑 a faint chance很小的机会很小的机会 there is a faint hope 有一线希望有一线希望 1)During the exam, the student by the window fainted. 2)I almost fainted when she told me the news. 3)They have a faint chance of winning the war. 5. illustrate: v.(举例举例)说明说明;阐明阐明; 给给(书或文章书或文章)加加插图插图 illustration n.
6、 图解图解 illustrative adj. 解释性的解释性的 illustrator n. 插图画家插图画家 an illustrated book 一本有插画的书一本有插画的书 illustrate sth with sth 用用来讲解来讲解 illustrate what I mean 解释我的意思解释我的意思 to illustrate my point 为了说明的的观点为了说明的的观点 1)What does the author want to illustrate by mentioning Dr Lins life choices? 2)The teacher gave th
7、ree examples to illustrate the point. 3)She went on to art school and is now illustrating a book. 4)The book is well written and properly illustrated. 6. precious: adj. 珍稀的珍稀的; 宝贵宝贵的的 precious time 宝贵的时间宝贵的时间 precious memories 珍贵的记忆珍贵的记忆 precious treasure 珍贵的财宝珍贵的财宝 be precious to sb 对某人来说很珍贵对某人来说很珍
8、贵 1)Youre wasting your precious time! 2)Clean water is precious in that part of the world. 7. entrust: v. 委托委托; 交付交付 entrust sth to sb = entrust sb with sth: 把什么交付把什么交付/委托某人委托某人 be entrusted with sth./sb.被委托以某事被委托以某事/某人某人 1)If they entrust me with that life, how could I refuse that trust. 2)She entr
9、usted her children to a good friend. 3)He entrusted the task to his daughter. = He entrusted his daughter with the task. 4)They can be entrusted to solve the problems. 8. carry sb through sth: 帮助帮助某人渡过某人渡过难关难关 carry him through the hardships 帮助他度过难关帮助他度过难关 carry through his plan 完成他的计划完成他的计划 carry o
10、ut 实行实行;履行；执行履行；执行 carry onwith/doing sth 继续继续做某事做某事 carry away 感动感动;使忘乎所以使忘乎所以;运走运走;使使失去自制力失去自制力 carry sb. back to sth. 使某人回想起使某人回想起某事某事 9. marriage mrd: n. 结婚结婚; 婚姻婚姻; 婚礼婚礼 marry mr: v. 结婚结婚; 为为主持婚礼主持婚礼 marry sb: 和和结婚结婚; 嫁嫁; 娶娶; 为为.主持婚礼主持婚礼 be/get married to sb: 和和结婚结婚 wedding : n. 婚礼婚礼; 结婚庆典结婚庆典
11、10.majority: n. 大大部分部分;大多大多数数 major: adj.主要的主要的; 大的大的; 重要重要的的 n.主修课程，专业，主修学生主修课程，专业，主修学生 v.主修主修 【major in+专业专业】 the majority of 大多数大多数 the majority 大众，大多数人大众，大多数人 the vast majority 绝大多数绝大多数 be in the majority 占多数占多数 major causes 主要原因主要原因 play a major role in 在在中扮演主角中扮演主角 1)The majority of the studen
12、ts come from the countryside. 2)The majority is/are preparing for the college entrance exams. 注意：注意：The majority做主语，谓语动词可以用单数也可以做主语，谓语动词可以用单数也可以 用复数用复数【如上面第如上面第3句句】 plain: v. 抱怨抱怨; 埋怨埋怨; 发牢骚发牢骚 complaint: n. 投诉投诉; 抱怨抱怨; 控告控告; 不不满满 complainto sb about/of sth: 向某人向某人抱怨抱怨/埋怨某事埋怨某事 complain to sb that 向
13、某人向某人抱怨抱怨/投诉投诉 make a complaint 提出投诉提出投诉 make a complaint to sb. About sth.向某人抱怨某事向某人抱怨某事 He complained (to the headmaster) that he hadnt been fairly treated. 注意注意：complain 后面后面不能直接跟人作宾语不能直接跟人作宾语，要加，要加 介词介词to。类似的还有。类似的还有explain解释解释、mention提及提及、 announce宣布宣布 12.tuition:n. (小组小组)教学教学; 讲课讲课; 学费学费 1)Wit
14、h deep sadness, she decided to pay Lucys tuition for school. 2)She is having extra tuition in chemistry. 她她正在正在补化学补化学。 13.fee: n.专业服务费专业服务费;报酬报酬 school/tuition fees 学费学费=tuition for school extra fees 额外费用额外费用 1)There is no entrance fee to the museum. 2)Kate, you get half the fees. All right? 3)My da
15、ughter looks after the neighbors child for a small fee. 14.respond : vt.回答回答;回复回复; vi. 做出做出反应反应; 回应回应 response: n. 响应响应; 反应反应;回回答答;答答复复 answer: v./n. 回答回答; 答复答复 respond to.: 对对.回答回答/回应回应/回复回复 1)She responded, “Id rather stay single to study all my life!” 2)They will respond positively to the preside
16、nts request for money. 注意：注意：respond常用作不及物动词，后接宾语时，常用作不及物动词，后接宾语时， 要加介词要加介词to，这与，这与reply用法一样，而用法一样，而answer后直后直 接接宾语。接接宾语。 15.response: n. 反应反应;回答回答;回复回复 in response to.: 作为作为的的答复答复;响应响应; 回答回答; make no response to 对对没做回应没做回应 1)I knocked on the door but there was no response. 2)We have not received a
17、response from the government. 3)All our soldiers have gone to the front in response of attacks on us. 16.union: n.协会协会;联合会联合会;工会工会 unite: v. 统一统一;联合联合;联手联手;团结团结 united: adj. 联合的联合的; 统一的统一的; 团结的团结的 The Students/ Student Union: 学生会学生会 17. scholarship: n.奖奖学金学金 scholar: n. 学者学者; 奖学金获得奖学金获得者者 1)They wer
18、e very proud to see their son awarded the university scholarship. 2)He has got a scholarship to Peking University. 3)She won a scholarship to study at Harvard University. 18.hire: v. 聘任聘任;雇用雇用;租用租用 n. 租借租借; 租用租用 hire sth out 短期 出租某物 hire sb. to do sth. 雇用某人做某事雇用某人做某事 hire的反义词：fire vt.开除，解雇 1)They wi
19、ll hire/rent a room for the workers. 2)You can hire/rent a car for a day to explore the city. 19.reject: v. 拒绝接受拒绝接受;不录用不录用; 拒收拒收 rejection: n. 拒绝接受拒绝接受;否决否决 reject a decision/an offer/a suggestion: 拒绝一拒绝一个决定个决定/一项提议一项提议/一个建议一个建议 reject sb./sth: 拒绝接受拒绝接受; 不录用不录用; 拒收拒收 society reject 社会弃儿社会弃儿 refuse:
20、 v. 拒绝拒绝; 回绝回绝; 推却推却; 拒绝给拒绝给 refuse to do.: 拒绝做什么拒绝做什么 refuse sth: 拒绝拒绝; 回绝回绝; 推却推却 20. appoint: v. 任命任命;委派委派 appoint sb (as) sth: 任命任命某人当某人当什么什么 appoint sb to sth: 派某人任某职派某人任某职 appoint sb to do sth: 派某人做某事派某人做某事 appoint a time/place for sth约定时间约定时间/地点做某事地点做某事 appoint a time/place to do sth约定时间约定时间/
21、地点做某地点做某事事 appointment: n. 任命任命; 预约预约; 约会约会; 委任委任 have an appointment with sb. 和某人有约会和某人有约会 make an appointment 预约预约 by appointment按约定按约定 keep/cancel an appointment 遵守遵守/取消约会取消约会 disappoint: v. 使失望使失望 21. faraway: adj. 遥远的遥远的 far away: 在远在远处处 in the distance: 在远处在远处 a faraway look/expression 心不在焉的表情
22、心不在焉的表情 1)At times she was even seen riding a donkey to faraway villages to provide medical care. 2)They have just returned from faraway places . 3)She dreamed of spending the rest of her life on a faraway island. 4)A lot of birds flew towards us slowly from far away. 22. election: n. 选举选举;推选推选;当选当选
23、 elect: vt. 选举，推选选举，推选 run for election : 参加参加竞选竞选 在在“elect+sb.+职务职务”的结构中，总统、市长等独的结构中，总统、市长等独 一无二的职位前不用任何冠词。一无二的职位前不用任何冠词。 1)The man refused to accept the election result. 2)He has won/lost the election. 3)In America, presidential elections are held every four years. 4)The media played an important
24、part in the last election. 23.decade: n. 十年十年;十年期十年期 in the decade: 在这十年在这十年 in the next decade: 在下个在下个十年十年 in the past/last decade 在过去的十年中在过去的十年中 1)In 1954, she was elected to the first National Peoples Congress and, over the next several decades, she held many important positions. 2)British Railwa
25、y has become more commercial over/in the past decade. 3)The two countries fought a border(边界边界) war a decade/10 years ago. 24. tend: v. 照顾照顾; 照料照料; 倾向倾向; 趋于趋于 tend to do sth: 易于做某事易于做某事; 往往往往会发生某事会发生某事 tend (to) sb/sth: 照料，照顾照料，照顾 tend to/towards + 名名词词: 倾向于倾向于; 趋于趋于 look after: 照照顾顾; 照照料料 take (goo
26、d) care of : 照照顾顾; 照料照料 1)The doctors and nurses will tend the injured. 2)Women tend to live longer than men. 3)When Im tired, I tend to make mistakes. 4)His views tend towards the extreme. 25.publish: v.发表发表(作品作品); 出版出版 publisher n. 出版人出版人或机构或机构；发行人；发行人或机构或机构 publish to the world 公之于世公之于世 publish u
27、nder ones real name 用真名发表用真名发表 print: v. 打印打印; 印刷印刷;登载登载; 刊登刊登 1)She was more interested in tending patients, publishing medical research on care for women and children, and training the next generation of doctors. 2)The dictionary was published in 1997. 3)The report will be published on the Interne
28、t. 26. staff: n. 员工员工; 全体职员全体职员 The staff + 动词单数动词单数/复数复数 27.responsible adj.负责的，有责任的负责的，有责任的 be responsible to sb. 对某人对某人负责负责 sb. be responsible for sth. 某人为某人为某事某事负责负责 sth. is responsible for 某事是某事是的原因的原因 responsibility n. 责任，义务责任，义务 have/take responsibility for 对对负责负责 a sense of responsibility 责任
29、感责任感 escape/avoid responsible for 逃避逃避/回避责任回避责任 28. retire: v. 退休退休; 退职退职;退出退出 retire from office/service/the world/: 退职退职/退役退役/脱离社会脱离社会 retire as 从从职位上退休职位上退休 retire from ones job: 退退休休 retired adj. 退休的退休的 a retired worker/teacher:退休工人退休工人/教师教师 retiring adj. 将要退休的将要退休的 retirement n. 退休，退职，退休生活退休，退职
30、，退休生活 take early retirement 提前退提前退 1、She was forced to retire from teaching because of ill health. 2、The countrys official retiring age is 65.退休年龄退休年龄 29.saving: n.节省物节省物;节省节省;节约节约;(复数复数)储蓄金储蓄金;存款存款 save: v. 救救; 挽救挽救; 储蓄储蓄; 救助救助; 攒攒钱钱; 收集收集; 收藏收藏 save sb. from doing sth. 省了某人做某事的时间省了某人做某事的时间 1)Buy f
31、ive books and you will make a saving of 15 dollars. 2)Her savings are in the Agricultural Bank of China. 3)She drew all her savings from the bank. 30. kindergarten: n.学前班学前班;幼儿园幼儿园 nursery: n. 托儿所托儿所 31.principle: n.道德原则道德原则; 法则法则; 原则原则 principal adj. 最重要的，主要的，资本的最重要的，主要的，资本的 n. 校长，主要演员，主角，当事人校长，主要演
32、员，主角，当事人 a man of principle 有道德准则的人有道德准则的人 be against ones principles 违背某人的原则违背某人的原则 stick to your principle 恪守你的原则恪守你的原则 in principle 原则上，按道理，基本上原则上，按道理，基本上 on principle 依据依据道德道德原则原则 1)I refuse to lie about it; its against my principles. 2)The principle behind it is very simple. 32.passive: adj.被动的
33、被动的; 顺从顺从的的 n. 被动式，被动语态被动式，被动语态 passive voice 被动语态被动语态 active: adj. 积极的积极的; 忙碌的忙碌的; 活跃的活跃的 1)Many studies have shown that shy, passive children tend to be socially rejected by their classmates. 2)His passive attitude made things easier for me. 3)We mustnt be passive. 4)Passive smoking can be deadly
34、too. 33.scared: adj. 害怕的害怕的; 对对感到惊感到惊慌慌/恐恐惧惧的的 scare vt. 惊吓，使害怕惊吓，使害怕 vi.受惊吓受惊吓 scary adj. 恐怖的，吓人的恐怖的，吓人的 be scared/afraid/frightened of doingsth: 害怕害怕 be scared to do sth. 害怕做某事害怕做某事 scare sb. into doing sth. 恐吓某人做某事恐吓某人做某事 scareoff/away 把把吓跑吓跑 a scary moment 恐怖的一刻恐怖的一刻 a scary movie 恐怖片恐怖片 1)She w
35、as so scared during the interview that she completely forgot how she should respond to the questions. 2)Im certainly not scared of the dog. 3)People are scared of walking/ to walk in the streets late at night. 34. sharp: adj.(增长增长/下跌等下跌等)急剧的急剧的;锋利锋利的的;明显明显的的 sharply adv. 急剧地，尖刻地，严厉地急剧地，尖刻地，严厉地 sharp
36、en v. 使使锋利，锋利，使使提高提高 a sharp knife 锋利的刀锋利的刀 sharp teeth 锋利的牙齿锋利的牙齿 a sharp bend 急拐弯急拐弯 a sharp pain 一阵剧痛一阵剧痛 have sharp eyes 有敏锐的眼睛有敏锐的眼睛 have a sharp tongue 说话尖刻说话尖刻 a man with a sharp mind 一名头脑敏锐的男士一名头脑敏锐的男士 a sharp drop/increse in prices: 价格的价格的骤降骤降/骤升骤升 a sharp rise in crime: 犯罪率的急剧上犯罪率的急剧上升升 a
37、sharp increase in unemployment: 失业失业人数的人数的剧增剧增 35. insurance: n.保险保险; 保险业保险业 insure vt. 确保，保证，给确保，保证，给保险保险 vi. 确保，投保确保，投保 the insurance company: 保险公司保险公司 China Life Insurance Company: 中中国国人寿保险人寿保险公司公司 life/car/travel/household insurance: 人人寿寿/汽车汽车/旅行旅行/家庭财产保险家庭财产保险 take out insurance against .: 办理办理
38、.的保险的保险 pay insurance on.: 交交.的的保险金保险金 have insurance on 给给上保险上保险 36.energetic: adj.精力充沛的精力充沛的;充满活力充满活力的的 keep energetic 保持活力保持活力 energetic exercise 剧烈运动剧烈运动 energetically adv.精力充沛地，积极精力充沛地，积极地地 talk energetically 满怀热情地说满怀热情地说 energy: n. 精精力力; 力量力量; 能源能源 renewable energy 可再生能源可再生能源 apply/devote/put
39、ones energy to sth. 把精力投入到某事中把精力投入到某事中 be full of energy 充满活力充满活力 traditional sources of energy 传统能源传统能源 37.replace: v.接替接替; 取代取代; 更换更换 replace A with B 用用B取代取代A A be replaced by B 被被取代取代 replace sb. as 取代某人当取代某人当 replace supper with snacks用零食代替晚饭用零食代替晚饭 replace the old with the new 除旧迎新除旧迎新 replace
40、ment n. 取代，代替取代，代替 表示表示“取代，代替取代，代替”的短语：的短语： take the place of =take ones place instead of.: 代代替替;而而不是不是 in place of in ones place 38. accident: n.事故事故;车祸车祸;失事失事 指偶然发生的不幸事故指偶然发生的不幸事故 accidental adj. 意外的，偶然意外的，偶然 accidentally adv. 意外地，偶然地意外地，偶然地 have an accident 出事故出事故 a fatal accident 致命致命的事故的事故 avoi
41、d an accident 避免事故避免事故 cause an accident 引发事故引发事故 by accident 偶然地，意外地偶然地，意外地 event 指重大事件或比赛项目指重大事件或比赛项目 incident: n. 事变事变;冲突冲突; (严重严重)事件事件; 暴力暴力事件事件 可以指小事件，也可指政治上的具有影响力的事件或事变可以指小事件，也可指政治上的具有影响力的事件或事变 39. operation: n. 手术手术;企业企业;经营经营 do an operation: 做手术做手术 operate: v. 操作操作; 使用使用; 控制控制; 动手术动手术 operat
42、or n. 操作员，经营者操作员，经营者 operate on/upon: 给给.动手术动手术 in operation 在运行在运行 put sth. into operation 使使运转，启动运转，启动 come into operation 投入运营投入运营 have an operation on sb. 给某人做手术给某人做手术 operate a computer/company 操作计算机操作计算机/经营一家公司经营一家公司 be easy to operate 容易操作容易操作 operating costs/table 运营成本运营成本/手术台手术台 40. whisper
43、: v. 悄声说悄声说;耳语耳语;低语低语 n. 耳语耳语(声声); 低语低语(声声); 传言传言; 谣传谣传 in a whisper: 悄悄地悄悄地 whisper about sth. 密谈某事密谈某事 whisper to sb. 对对某人窃窃私语某人窃窃私语 it is whispered that 有人私下说有人私下说 whisper sth. to sb.=whisper to sb. sth. 1)She whispered something in his ear. 2)He whispered to me that he was afraid. 3)Ive heard a
44、whisper that David and Mary are heading for marriage 【WHISPER后接双宾语时，间接宾语无论在前还后接双宾语时，间接宾语无论在前还 STH 41. midnight: n.子夜子夜;午夜午夜 at noon/midnight: 在中午在中午/半半夜夜 = in the middle of the day/night after/before midnight 午夜过后午夜过后/之前之前 work until midnight 工作到半夜工作到半夜 42.import: n.进口进口; 进口进口商品商品 v. 进口进口;输入输入;引进引进
45、1)The country has to import most of its oil. 2)Japan will have to do a deal with the USA on rice imports. export n. 出口，出口商品出口，出口商品 vt. 出口出口,输出输出,传播传播 export sth. from to 从从向向出口某物出口某物 export coffee to other areas 出口咖啡到其他地区出口咖啡到其他地区 43.bitebat: v. (bite-bit-bitten ) 咬咬;叮叮;蜇蜇 n.咬咬; (咬下的咬下的)一口一口; 咬伤咬伤 b
46、e bitten by: 对对着迷着迷; 热衷于热衷于;被被咬了咬了 beatbit (beat-beat-beaten): v.打打;敲打敲打;打败打败; (心脏心脏)跳动跳动 bite ones tongue 忍住不说忍住不说 bite off 咬掉咬掉 take/have a bite of 咬咬 give sb. a bite 咬某人一口咬某人一口 1)Yesterday afternoon she was bitten by the mad dog. 2)She took a couple of bites of the sandwich. 44.lip : n. 嘴唇嘴唇 bite
47、 ones lip: 竭力忍住不说话竭力忍住不说话; 抑制抑制情感的流露情感的流露 bite ones tongue: 隐忍不隐忍不言言 45. assist : v.帮助帮助; 援助援助 assistant n.助手，助理助手，助理 assistance n. 援助，帮助，支持援助，帮助，支持 assist sb in doing: 帮助某人做帮助某人做 assit sb in/with sth: 在在方面帮助方面帮助/协助某人协助某人 assist sb to do: 帮助某人做帮助某人做 with the assistance of 在在的帮助下的帮助下 give/ offer assi
48、stance to sb. 给某人以援助给某人以援助 1)Despite the difficult situation, Dr. Bethune did whatever he could to assist the Chinese people. 2)Julia was assisting/helping him to prepare his speech. 3)We will assist you in finding somewhere to live. 4)They decided to assist/help me with my chemistry. 46. first aid:
49、 急救急救 do/make/offer/give first aid (to sb): 进行急救进行急救 financial aid 经济援助经济援助 first aid kit: 急救箱急救箱 come to ones aid=come to the aid of sb帮某人的忙帮某人的忙 in aid of 为了帮助为了帮助 aid v. 帮助，协助帮助，协助 aid sb. in doing sth.帮助某人做某事帮助某人做某事 aid sb. with sth. 在某方面帮助某人在某方面帮助某人 aid sb. to do sth. 帮助某人做某事帮助某人做某事 47. pass aw
50、ay: 去世去世 die: v. 死亡死亡 death : n. 死死;死亡死亡 dead: adj. 死的死的 deadly: adj. 致致命的命的 pass by 经过经过 pass onto 转交，传给转交，传给 pass down 把把传给后人传给后人常用被动语态常用被动语态 48. in memory of .: 作为对作为对的的纪念纪念 memory n. 记忆力，记忆记忆力，记忆 have a good/bad memory: 有好的有好的/差的差的记忆力记忆力 memorize v.记住，熟记记住，熟记 memorize English words 记英语单词记英语单词 1)
