1、Discoving Useful Structures P54P54 Unit 5 Music Look at the following sentences and circle the past participles. 1. She looked worried. 2. The door remained locked. 3. Moved by this music, he said, It was like seeing color for the first time. 4. Hit by the lack of fresh air, my head ached. Discuss:
2、What are the functions of these past participles? 过去分词 Past participles as the predicative and the adverbial 一、过去分词作表语 1、过去分词作表语时, 与谓语动词构成_ 结构, 表示主语的性质、特征或 _。 其前的系动词包括be动词,感官动词 (look,sound,taste,feel,smell)以及 become,get,remain,stay,seem等多种形式。 Everyone present is very inspired at his speech 听了他的发言，在场
3、的所有人都很振奋。 You looked frightened. 你看起来很害怕。 He became interested in two theories. 他对两种理论产生了兴趣。 系表系表 状态状态 例1：This shop is now closed This shop is closed at 6 pm everyday ( (状态状态) ) ( (动作）动作） 2、过去分词作表语，构成的系表结构与被动 语态的区别： 过去分词作表语，强调主语的特点或所处的状态； 而被动语态中，主语是动词所表示动作的承受者。 例2：The cup was broken by him. The cup
4、is broken. ( (动作）动作） ( (状态）状态） 3、有些动词如interest, worry, surprise, frighten,shock,puzzle,embarrass等通常用其过去分 词形式来说明人的情况，用动词- ing形式来说明物 的情况。 例1：The book is interesting and Im interested in it. 这本书很有趣，我对它很感兴趣。 例2：The Emperors New Clothes is an exciting text. All of us are excited about it. 皇帝的新衣是一篇激动人心的课文
5、。我们都很 兴奋。 即学即练 1 过去分词作表语/单句语法填空 1The fact is that store is now _ (close) 2They were _ at the _ news.(excite) 3The sound was _ and he was _.(frighten) closed excited exciting frightening frightened 二、过去分词作状语 1、过去分词作状语时，过去分词表示被动 完成的动作，与主句主语之间是逻辑上 的动宾关系。 例1： _(give)more attention, the tree can grow bet
6、ter. 如果多加注意，这棵树会长得更好。 例2： _(translate) into English, the sentence was found to have an entirely different word order. 翻译成英语后，我们发现这个句子的词序全变了。 Given Translated 2、过去分词作状语，可以表示时间、原因、 条件、让步、方式或伴随情况等，相当 于一个状语从句。 例： Once _（publish）, his work became famous for the absence of rhyme at the end of each line. (
7、1) (1) 时间时间状语状语: :相当于时间状语从句相当于时间状语从句, ,过去分词前加上过去分词前加上 when,while,once,until等，使其时间意义更明确。等，使其时间意义更明确。 Once it was published, his work became famous for the absence of rhyme at the end of each line. 他的诗作发表后，以行尾不押韵而出名。 published 例1： _(do) in a hurry, his homework was full of mistakes. (2) (2) 原因状语原因状语 S
8、ince/As she was given advice by the famous detective, the young lady was no longer afraid. 例2： _(give) advice by the famous detective, the young lady was no longer afraid. Because it was done in a hurry, his homework was full of mistakes. Done Given 例： _(give) more time, we will do better. ( (3) 3)
9、条件条件状语：状语：相当于相当于条件状语从句，可加连词条件状语从句，可加连词if, unless等转换成条件状语从句。等转换成条件状语从句。 If we are given more time, we will do better. (4) (4) 让步让步状语状语: :相当于相当于让步让步状语状语从句，可从句，可加加though， although，even if/though 等 例：Even if _(invite), I will not take part in the party. Even if I am invited, I will not take part in the
10、party. Given invited 例： The old man walked in the park, _(support) by his wife. She accepted the gift, and she was deeply moved. (5)(5)方式或伴随方式或伴随状语状语: :相当于由and 连接的并列句。 supported She accepted the gift, deeply_(move). moved The old man walked in the park and was supported by his wife. 点拨：点拨：有些有些过去分词过去
11、分词(短语短语)因来源于系表结构，作状语时不强调因来源于系表结构，作状语时不强调 被动而重在描述主语的状态。这样的过去分词被动而重在描述主语的状态。这样的过去分词(短语短语)常见的有：常见的有： lost (迷路迷路)；seated (坐坐)；hidden (躲躲)；lost/absorbed in (沉溺沉溺 于于)；dressed in (穿着穿着)；tired of (厌烦厌烦)。 Lost in thought, he didnt hear the bell. 由于陷入沉思之中，他没有听到铃声由于陷入沉思之中，他没有听到铃声。 (四四)过去分词过去分词(短语短语)与现在分词与现在分词(
12、短语短语)作状语的区别作状语的区别 过去分词过去分词(短语短语)与句子的主语之与句子的主语之间存在逻辑上的动宾关间存在逻辑上的动宾关 系，即表示被动；现在分词系，即表示被动；现在分词(短语短语)与句子的主语之间存在逻辑与句子的主语之间存在逻辑 上的主谓关系，即表示主动。上的主谓关系，即表示主动。 助记助记 分词作状语记忆口诀分词作状语记忆口诀 分词作状语，主语是问题。分词作状语，主语是问题。 前后两动作，共用一主语。前后两动作，共用一主语。 主语找出后，再来判关系。主语找出后，再来判关系。 主动用主动用- ing，被动用，被动用- ed。 过去分词表已完成的动作过去分词表已完成的动作/ /现在
13、分现在分 词表进行的动作。词表进行的动作。 Used for a long time, the book looks old.(动宾关系动宾关系) 由于用了很长时间，这本书看上去陈旧。由于用了很长时间，这本书看上去陈旧。 Using the book, I find it very useful.(主谓关系主谓关系) 在使用这本书时，我发现它很有用。在使用这本书时，我发现它很有用。 名师点津名师点津 无论是现在分词还是过去分词，其逻辑主语必须无论是现在分词还是过去分词，其逻辑主语必须 和句子的主语一致。如果不一致，则必须用状语从句、独立主和句子的主语一致。如果不一致，则必须用状语从句、独立主
14、格结构等其他表达形式。格结构等其他表达形式。 If caught, the police will punish the thief.() If caught, the thief will be punished by the police.() If the thief is caught, the police will punish the thief.() 知识拓展：如果其逻辑主语与整个句子的主语不一致， 除了用状语从句，还可以用独立主格结构或者with复 合结构来替代 1. Weather permitting, well go for a picnic tomorrow. =If
15、 weather permits, well go for a picnic tomorrow. 2. With his homework finished, he went out to play. Her work done, she sat down for a cup of tea. With the price going up fast, we cant afford luxuries. 即时训练即时训练 4 用所给词的适当形式填空用所给词的适当形式填空 When I was little, my mother used to sit by my bed, _ (tell) me
16、stories till I fell asleep. Where is Jimmy? Just now I saw him sitting under the tree, _ (absorb) in his video games. telling absorbed .单句语法填空 1_ (catch) in a heavy rain, he was all wet. 2_ (grow) in rich soil, these seeds can grow fast. 3_ (surround) by his students, the professor sat there cheerfu
17、lly. 4_ (bury) in the novel, he didnt notice her enter the room. 5_ (read) the book carefully, he didnt notice his teacher enter the room. 6Yesterday we were deeply _ (move) by the movie directed by Zhang Yimou. Caught Grown Surrounded Buried Reading moved 7I am very _ (delight) at the news that my
18、brother got first place in the long- distance race. 8We were all _ by the _ speech made by the well- known teacher.(inspire) 9My parents were _ (satisfy) with the plan for our summer vacation. 10Tony is really amusing and tells jokes when he thinks were getting _ (bore) 11_ (guide) by an artist, the
19、 girl made great progress. delighted inspired inspiring satisfied bored Guided 12Though _ (defeat) many times, the man didnt lose heart. 13_ (worry) about their childrens safety, parents together with the teachers went into the mountains in search of the _ (lose) students. 14_ (praise) by the head t
20、eacher, Amy was excited all day. 15Completely _ (examine) by the doctors, Mr.Lee went back to work right now. defeated Worried lost Praised examined Production Enjoy some beautiful sentences. _ (move) by what I said, she stood there for a moment. 感我此言良久立感我此言良久立 ( (白居易白居易 琵琶行琵琶行) ) _ (give) the talen
21、t by the heaven, I will employ it! 天生我材必有用天生我材必有用 ( (李白李白 将进酒将进酒) ) Moved Given _ (wake) at dawn from a misty dream, I read, a year later, news from home. 远梦归侵晓远梦归侵晓, , 家书到隔年家书到隔年 ( (杜牧杜牧 旅宿旅宿) ) When _ (question) under a pine tree, “My teacher,” the pupil answered, “went for herbs”. 松下问童子松下问童子, , 言师采药去言师采药去( (贾岛贾岛 寻隐者不遇寻隐者不遇) ) Waken questioned Thank you!
