1、Coming to The Correct Diagnosis 涉外护理英语中级教程涉外护理英语中级教程 Unit One OUTLINE Related Information Notes to Text A Notes to Text B Key to Exercises Text A Key to Exercises Text B Warming-up Activities Reference Key to Warming-up Activities Warming-up Activities Difficult Sentences and Key Words 1 dry up: 枯竭；
2、使枯竭；使干涸；语塞干涸；语塞 Warm breezes from the South dried up the streets. 温暖和煦的南风吹干了街道。 If you ask her what shes good at she will dry up after two minutes. 如果你问她擅长什么，两分钟后她就没话说了。 Example: Warming-up Activities Difficult Sentences and Key Words 2 Many times, just as I think Ive successfully sorted out their p
3、roblems, my patient produces another one, like a magician bringing rabbits out of a hat, but these are different animals each time! 参考译文：参考译文： 很多时候，我想我已经成功地解决了他们的问题，我的病 人会产生另一个问题，像一个魔术师从帽子带出兔子，但 每次都是不同的动物！ Warming-up Activities Difficult Sentences and Key Words 2 sort out：分类，解决：分类，解决 First sort out
4、the problems, then find solutions. 先把问题梳理一下，再研究解决办法。 The two countries have sorted out their trade and security disputes. 两国已经解决了贸易与安全方面的争端。 Example: Warming-up Activities Difficult Sentences and Key Words 2 , like a magician bringing rabbits out of a hat, but these are different animals each time!
5、like a magician bringing rabbits out of a hat 此处的修辞方法为明喻（simile），标志词常用like，as等， 表示“像 一样”。 Warming-up Activities Difficult Sentences and Key Words 3 If I curtail the consultation abruptly, my patient will feel that they have had a raw deal, and that the doctor doesnt care, or isnt interested. 参考译文：参考
6、译文： 如果我突然缩短会诊的话，我的病人会觉得他们就是在做 交易，而医生则不关心，或是不感兴趣。 Warming-up Activities Difficult Sentences and Key Words 3 curtail: 剪短，减少剪短，减少 His powers will be severely curtailed. 他的权力将受到极大的限制。 raw deal: 不公平待遇不公平待遇 Those people got a raw deal. 那些人受到了不公平的待遇。 Example: Example: Warming-up Activities Difficult Senten
7、ces and Key Words 4 Thats how I often get over this consultation hurdle by sizing up the problems presented, tackling the most important, and then suggesting that the others can be dealt with in depth later. 参考译文：参考译文： 这就是我经常处理这一问题的方式，通过评估所提出的问 题，解决最重要的问题，然后提出其他问题可以在以后做 深度处理。 Warming-up Activities D
8、ifficult Sentences and Key Words 4 本句中sizing up the problems presented，tackling the most important和 suggesting that the others can be dealt with in depth later为并列结构，跟在介词by后，构成状语。 size up：估计 的大小（或多少） Can you size up the situation? 你可以估计一下形势吗？ Example: Warming-up Activities Difficult Sentences and Key
9、 Words 5 get the wrong end of the stick： 完全搞错了，完全误解了完全搞错了，完全误解了 How could you get the wrong end of the stick? 你怎么会完全理解错了？ Example: Key to Warming-up Activities I. Choose the best answer according to the text. 1. After reading the text, we can infer that the author must be _ . A. a patient B. a nurse
10、 C. a doctor D. a teacher Exercises Key to Warming-up Activities 2. How can we best summarize the main idea of the second paragraph of the text? A. What is the matter with you? is the most suitable starting question a doctor can ask. B. How are you? seems to be a good way to start the consultation.
11、C. Doctors also face the problem of how to start the consultation properly. D. Doctors can handle patients well enough to make them comfortable. Exercises Key to Warming-up Activities 3. Whats the authors dilemma mentioned in the fourth paragraph? A. Patients various questions cannot be answered ful
12、ly because of the waiting patients. B. The questions produced by the patient are too difficult to be answered by the doctor. C. Patients always bring up various questions like magicians bringing rabbits out of their hats. D. The doctor would rather do other things than answer meaningless questions.
13、Exercises Key to Warming-up Activities 4. To get rid of the dilemma, what does the doctor usually do? A. He cuts short the consultation. B. He tells the patients that he hasnt enough time to treat so many of them. C. He asks other doctors for help. D. He sorts out the major problems and tackles them
14、, leaving behind the minor ones. Exercises Key to Warming-up Activities 5. What should you do at the doctors office if you are a patient according to the text? A. Dont be shy to tell your doctor anything about your worries. B. Talk about all your problems in as much detail as you can. C. Speak calml
15、y, and dont show your fears in your voice. D. Do not embarrass the doctor by your private matters. Exercises Key to Warming-up Activities II. Learn the use of idiomatic expressions with the help of a dictionary. Tongue 1. The doctor told him to put out his tongue. 2. Did I say that? It must have bee
16、n a slip of the tongue. 3. I wanted to argue but I had to bite my tongue. 4. Couldnt you keep a civil tongue in your head? Exercises 伸出舌头伸出舌头 口误口误 一言不发一言不发 措辞谨慎，说话有礼措辞谨慎，说话有礼 Related Information Computer-assisted history taking systems have been available since the 1960s. One advantage of using comp
17、uterized systems is that patients may be less susceptible to social desirability bias. Another advantage of using computerized systems is that they allow easy and high-fidelity portability to a patients electronic medical record. Also an advantage is that it saves money and paper. Related Informatio
18、n An electronic medical record (EMR), refers to the systematized collection of patient and population electronically-stored health information in a digital format. These records can be shared across different health care settings. Records are shared through network-connected, enterprise-wide informa
19、tion systems or other information networks and exchanges. Related Information EMRs may include a range of data, including demographics, medical history, medication and allergies, immunization status, laboratory test results, radiology images, vital signs, personal statistics like age and weight, and
20、 billing information. No part of the patient evaluation is more essential to diagnosis than the patient history. 参考译文：参考译文： 就诊断而言，了解病史是患者评估中最为重要的环节。 本句为包含比较结构的完全否定句。 Notes to Text A 1 Difficult Sentences and Key Words 完全否定句通常含有no, none, nobody, nothing, nowhere, neither, never 等否定词来表达绝对否定的含义。 Nobody
21、 knows. 谁也不知道。(没有任何一个人知道。) No trickery can fool us. 任何骗人的东西都不能欺骗我们。 Notes to Text A Difficult Sentences and Key Words elaborate：复杂的；精巧的：复杂的；精巧的 They used elaborate secret codes, as when the names of trees stood for letters. 他们使用了复杂的暗号，比如用树的名称代表字母。 She is known for her elaborate costumes. 她以着装精致而闻名。
22、Notes to Text A 2 Difficult Sentences and Key Words Example: crush：压破，压碎：压破，压碎 The military operation was the first step in a plan to crush the uprising. 军事行动是镇压暴动计划的第一步。 He crushed the empty can. 他把空罐子捏扁了。 Notes to Text A 3 Difficult Sentences and Key Words Example: Vital information such as smokin
23、g history, use of alcohol or illicit drugs and sexual behavior can give invaluable clues to the diagnosis. 参考译文: 吸烟史、饮用酒精饮料或者吸食毒品以及不良性行为等重要信息 可以给诊断提供重要线索。 本句中use of alcohol or illicit drugs为名词词组，逻辑上表 达了 某种动宾关系，即：饮用酒精饮料或者吸食毒品。 Notes to Text A 4 Difficult Sentences and Key Words illicit：非法的；不正当的：非法的；不
24、正当的 The author of this article points out the problem of illicit downloading of term papers by students. 本文章的作者指出了学生非法下载学期论文的问题。 Notes to Text A 4 Difficult Sentences and Key Words Example: When asked a specific question by the interviewer, they may assume they should give as much information as pos
25、sible, thus the interviewer is forced to “sift” through their response and retain only the pertinent data for the medical record. 参考译文： 每当病人被问到某一具体问题时，他们会以为应该尽可能多地提 供信息，因此，询问者（这里指医生）不得不对他们的应对进行 筛选，在病史记录中只保留相关信息。 Notes to Text A 5 Difficult Sentences and Key Words 本句中When asked a specific question by
26、 the interviewer 为省略形式，其完整形式为：when they are asked a specific question by the interviewer，注意其被动含义。 Notes to Text A Difficult Sentences and Key Words retain：保持；雇；记住：保持；雇；记住 The interior of the shop still retains a nineteenth-century atmosphere. 这家商店的内部装修仍然保留着19世纪的风格。 Notes to Text A 5 Difficult Senten
27、ces and Key Words Example: heed： 注意，留心注意，留心 Listen to both sides and you will be enlightened; heed only one side and you will be benighted. 兼听则明，偏信则暗。 Notes to Text A 6 Difficult Sentences and Key Words Example: Key to Exercises Text A I. Choose the best answers to the following questions. 1. Which
28、part of the patient history may be written informally in oral language? A. Social Hx B. Chief Complaint C. HPI D. PMH 2. Which part of the medical history may contain a detailed description of the frequency and level of pain? A. Chief Complaint B. HPI C. PMH D. ROS Text Comprehension Key to Exercise
29、s Text A 3. To medical workers, which part of the patient history may be paid little attention to? A. ROS and Social History B. HPI and ROS C. Chief Complaint and Social History D. Social History and HPI Text Comprehension Key to Exercises Text A 4. Which one of the following statements about the “o
30、utline” of the patient history is CORRECT according to the author? A. Patients usually cooperate by fitting their information into the outline. B. Guided by the outline, medical workers seldom have difficulty in writing a patient history. C. In addition to the outline, better understanding and selec
31、ting of information are also helpful in writing a medical history. D. The outline is useful but NOT essential to reaching a proper diagnosis. Text Comprehension Key to Exercises Text A 5. Which of the following statements is NOT mentioned in the text? A. A patient history should be based on a certai
32、n structure. B. A patient history is important in the process of diagnosis. C. Patience and practice are necessary in writing a patient history. D. Patients should be told to organize their words according to the outline of the patient history. Text Comprehension Key to Exercises Text A I. Fill in t
33、he blanks with the proper form of the words given. 1. The diagnosis of bacterial endocarditis（ 心内膜炎） has long been based on a series of history, physical examination findings, and laboratory data. 2. He spent hours through all the documents relating to the case. 3. Can you describe the circumstances
34、 which _ the symptoms? Vocabulary accurate sifting relieve Key to Exercises Text A 4. The symptoms and signs recorded in the patients chart are highly to the diagnosis. 5. In this hospital, we are trying to recruit and _ skilled medical and nursing staff. 6. Before the operation, the surgical team m
35、ade very _ plans to ensure its success. Vocabulary pertinent retain elaborate Key to Exercises Text A 7. Caring for the elderly is one of the major service areas and we definitely cannot _ it. 8. Basic research _ enormously to our understanding of the disease. Vocabulary neglect contributes/has cont
36、ributed Key to Exercises Text A II. Complete the following sentences by putting in the proper word in the right form. 1. We need to carry out a careful _ of the results from lab tests. 2. The performance of each employee _ once a year. Vocabulary evaluate evaluation evaluation is evaluated Key to Ex
37、ercises Text A 3. It is easy to become _ on sleeping pills. 4. The level of care a patient needs _ on the several factors. 5. After collapsing, she was rushed to the hospital, where she _. 6. Half of all _are emergencies, and these are treated straight away. Vocabulary depend dependent dependent dep
38、ends admit admission was admitted admissions Key to Exercises Text A I. Rewrite the sentences below by following the models given. Model: When patients are asked a specific question by the interviewer, they may assume they should give as much information as possible. When asked a specific question b
39、y the interviewer, they may assume they should give as much information as possible. Grammar and Structure Key to Exercises Text A 1. When he was questioned repeatedly whether he had told the truth, he admitted that he had lied. _ _ 2. When he was told the real reason for her change of heart, he had
40、 to accept the fact. _ _ Grammar and Structure When questioned repeatedly whether he had told the truth, he admitted that he had lied. When told the real reason for her change of heart, he had to accept the fact. Key to Exercises Text A Model: This section is often the section of the patient history
41、 that is most neglected. This section is often the most neglected section of the patient history. Grammar and Structure Key to Exercises Text A 3. No food contains all the nutrients that are needed. _ 4. If the veins that are affected fail to respond to simple treatment, they may sometimes require s
42、urgical removal. _ _ Grammar and Structure No food contains all the needed nutrients. If the affected veins fail to respond to simple treatment, they may sometimes require surgical removal. Key to Exercises Text A II. Make the correct choice in the following text about Taking Histories. The medical
43、history of a patient is essential for the physician who is attempting _ (analyze/ analyzing/ to analyze) the manifestations of a disease. The first items _ (record/recorded/to be recorded) are the patients name, race, age, birthplace, sex, marital status, occupation, and residence. Grammar and Struc
44、ture 1 1 to analyze 2 2 to be recorded Key to Exercises Text A The patients age is an important factor because certain diseases, including some contagious diseases, congenital heart disease, and acute leukemia, _ (find/found/are found) mainly in young people, while other diseases, including arterios
45、clerotic heart disease and degenerative diseases, _(is/are/to be) much more common in middle-aged and elderly people. The patients occupation is also an important factor, especially if the patients job _ (exposes/exposed/exposing) him to certain substances. Grammar and Structure 3 3 are found 4 4 ar
46、e 5 5 exposes Key to Exercises Text A The real medical history starts with a description of the reason for the patients coming to the hospital for consultation. The physician _ (need/needs/is needed) to know the exact circumstances of the appearance, extent, and duration of the symptoms. Further _ (
47、question/questioning/being questioned) develops details of the health of the patients family, his habits and lifestyle, and his previous medical experiences. Grammar and Structure 6 6 needs 7 7 questioning Key to Exercises Text A Finally, the physician _ (asks/asking/to ask) a series of questions ab
48、out each of the body systems such as the heart, lungs, and stomach. At the completion of a thorough medical history, the physician often has a good understanding of the nature of the patients disorder, or at least he can begin to categorize illness. Grammar and Structure 8 8 asks Key to Exercises Text A I. Translate the following sentences into English. 1. 1. 许多疾病不仅与性别和年龄相关，而且更常见于特定
