1、黛青 山色 清华大学附属中学 陈建荣、李冰清 黛青 山色 单选题单选题 语法知识部分 题号题号涉及话题涉及话题语法现象语法现象 1运动代词：主格 2志愿者介词：地点前的介词 3健康连词：and“结果是；那么；就” 4校园（比赛）比较级：as+形容词原级+as 5校园（寻找物主）疑问词：whose“谁的”，问所属 6校园（作业）情态动词：must问句使用neednt回答 黛青 山色 单选题单选题 语法知识部分 题号题号涉及话题涉及话题语法现象语法现象 7时态：主将从现（if引导的条件状语从句） 8交际功能时态：现在进行时（Look！） 9校园（网课） 时态：过去进行时（at this time
2、last year） 10社会（建党） 时态：现在完成时（since） 11校园（手机） 被动语态+一般现在时 12兴趣爱好宾语从句+一般过去时 时态题考查时态在具体语境中的应用，需要找准时间标记或分析具体语境 黛青 山色 一、单项填空（共 6 分，每小题 0.5 分） 1-5 CACA A 6-10 BADBD 11-12 C B 单选题答案 黛青 山色 二、完形填空（共 8 分，每小题 1 分） 13. A14. D15. B16. C 17. C18. B19. D20. A 完形填空答案 黛青 山色 What：文章讲述了主人公文章讲述了主人公YoonYoon与同学的一次冲突。与同学的一
3、次冲突。YoonYoon和家人搬家到和家人搬家到 美国以后，妈妈给了她一个奶奶传给她的手镯，告诉她这是真实与友美国以后，妈妈给了她一个奶奶传给她的手镯，告诉她这是真实与友 谊的象征，谊的象征，YoonYoon视若珍宝。视若珍宝。 第二天，同学第二天，同学SallySally邀请她跳绳并强行邀请她跳绳并强行 “借借”走她的手镯，表示要借戴一天。然而，当走她的手镯，表示要借戴一天。然而，当YoonYoon第二天想找第二天想找SallySally 拿回手镯的时候，拿回手镯的时候，SallySally并没有遵守诺言。并没有遵守诺言。YoonYoon只好找老师解决问题。只好找老师解决问题。 通过老师的协
4、调，两位同学化干戈为玉帛。通过老师的协调，两位同学化干戈为玉帛。 How：文章通过描写文章通过描写“我我”和同学出现冲突并解决的小故事，传递了和同学出现冲突并解决的小故事，传递了 在与同伴交往时要勇敢解决、互相尊重。在与同伴交往时要勇敢解决、互相尊重。 Why：希望同学们在人际交往时要敢于面对、知错能改。希望同学们在人际交往时要敢于面对、知错能改。 完形填空记叙文 故事梗概 黛青 山色 关注情节关注情节+情感线索情感线索 disappointed cherishing longing for friendship; unwillingly eventsrelieved attitude/fee
5、ling angry but helpless 黛青 山色 选项考查的能力 动词（动词（4个）个）名词（名词（3个）个）形容词、副词（形容词、副词（2个）个） 15. take (上下文) I felt afraid to take it from her. 13. box (上下文) Heres a surprise. . werent like that. 17. Unwillingly (上下文) I didnt think sharing it seemed right; . grabbed . 16. smiling (上下文) . smiling at her 14. disapp
6、ointment (上 下文；派生词) . managed a smile . 19. helpless (上下文) . laughed and ran away. . finally told the teacher about my trouble. 18. keep (词义辨析) keep ones word 遵守诺言 give ones word 保证 20. fit (一词多义） It fit. Perfectly. 黛青 山色 ring (n.) 文中有几个线索暗示，如文中有几个线索暗示，如a a surprise、I thought、a jade bracelet，说明作，说明作
7、 者经历了从猜测者经历了从猜测- -思考思考- -确认的过程，一开始作者并不知道它是什么，可以排除确认的过程，一开始作者并不知道它是什么，可以排除ringring。 My mother handed me a lovely _13_. “Here is a surprise!” Jump ropes that I was longing for werent like that, I thought. Trying not to show my 14 , I managed a smile“, Thank you, Mom.” “A jade bracelet (玉手镯), Yoon,” my
8、 mother said. “When I was a young girl, my own mother gave me this very bracelet. Now I am giving it to you. ” 黛青 山色 so.(that). It was so wonderful I felt afraid to 15 it from her. 黛青 山色 so (that) 黛青 山色 fit (v.) 1. RIGHT SIZE/TYPE 恰当的大小恰当的大小类型类型 I tried the dress on but it didnt fit. The key doesnt
9、fit the lock. 2. PUT STH SOMEWHERE 安置安置 The rooms were all fitted with smoke alarms. How do these two parts fit together? 3. AGREE/MATCH 一致；相称一致；相称 Something doesnt quite fit here. We should fit the punishment to the crime. 我们应该根据罪行量刑。 4. MAKE SUITABLE 使适合使适合 His experience fitted him perfectly for
10、the job. 黛青 山色 fit (adj.) 1. HEALTHY 健康健康 She tries to keep fit by jogging every day. 2. SUITABLE 合适合适 It was a meal fit for a king (= of very good quality) . 3. READY 准备好准备好 Ive eaten so much that Im fit to burst. fit (n.) a good/bad/close/perfect fit 很/不合身；贴身；完全合身 黛青 山色 完形填空教学建议完形填空教学建议 1. 关注情节情感线
11、索 2. 关注一词多义和熟词生义，梳理“课标”单词中常见 词的不常见意思 3. 关注词义辨析，梳理“课标”重要词组 黛青 山色 三、阅读短文，选择最佳选项。（共 26 分，每小题 2 分） 21. D22. B 23. C 24. D 25. C26. A 27. B28. A29. D 30. C31. A 32. B 33. C 阅读理解答案 黛青 山色 B 篇记叙文 WhenWhen I was in Grade 9 WhereIn my home Who I, my mom, (an old lady) CauseMy parents bought me a nightstand. E
12、vents I decided to paint it to make it look better. When I opened the bag, I found .bills wrapped in the papers. When my mother left, .thinking about this past week. I already knew right from wrong. ResultI decided not to fail this test. MessageIt was a test of honor. My honor. Honesty is the first
13、policy. 黛青 山色 选文意图：选文意图： 帮助考生树立诚信意识。帮助考生树立诚信意识。 第第24小题（容易题）：小题（容易题）： 获取事实性信息题；找出关键词，定位原文出处（获取事实性信息题；找出关键词，定位原文出处（Para. 1-4） 第第25小题（容易题）：小题（容易题）： 获取事实性信息题；聚焦感情细节及铺垫（定位时间点：获取事实性信息题；聚焦感情细节及铺垫（定位时间点：at first when he found.Para.2定位铺垫细节：定位铺垫细节：it turned out .） 第第26小题（中档题）：小题（中档题）： 推断隐含意义题；聚焦情节发展（最后一段推断隐含意
14、义题；聚焦情节发展（最后一段 I decided not to fail this test. It was a test of honor. My honor.） B 篇 黛青 山色 What：作者阐释了在深度睡眠期，人们可以进行互动、拥有清作者阐释了在深度睡眠期，人们可以进行互动、拥有清 晰梦境的研究发现。晰梦境的研究发现。 How：作者通过做解释、做比较的方式展开说明，最后展望了该作者通过做解释、做比较的方式展开说明，最后展望了该 研究的好处和未来。文章结构清晰，话题和内容对部分学生来说研究的好处和未来。文章结构清晰，话题和内容对部分学生来说 也比较熟悉。也比较熟悉。 Why：旨在告诉学
15、生人在睡眠时可以拥有互动性梦境，学会运用旨在告诉学生人在睡眠时可以拥有互动性梦境，学会运用 科学道理解释生活中的现象。科学道理解释生活中的现象。 C 篇 体裁：说明文 黛青 山色 While dreams are a common experience, scientists still havent fully explained them. Relying on a persons retelling of dreams is also filled with distortions (扭曲) and forgotten details. And most curious of all,
16、dreams take us to what feels like a different reality. They also happen while were fast asleep. So, you might not expect that a person in the middle of a vivid dream would be able to sense questions and provide answers to them. But a new study reported in the journal Current Biology on February 18,
17、2021 shows that, in fact, they can. Real-time Dialogue with a Dreaming Person Main ideas of each paragraph Thesis statement: A person in the middle of a vivid dream would be able to sense questions and provide answers to them. topic sentence 黛青 山色 The researchers from four labs in four different cou
18、ntries studied 36 people who aimed to have a lucid dream, in which a person realizes he/she is dreaming. The study is unusual because it includes four experiments using different ways to achieve a similar goal. “We found that individuals in REM sleep can interact with an experimenter and engage in r
19、eal-time communication,” said senior researcher Ken Paller of Northwestern University. “We also showed dreamers can understand questions, take part in working-memory operations, and produce answers, although most people might think this would not be possible.” “We put the results from four different
20、 labs together because we considered that they can prove the reality of this two-way communication activity,” Karen Konkoly, another specialist in this field, added. Real-time Dialogue with a Dreaming Person Main ideas of each paragraph Process: How the study was carried out (and why its unusual). h
21、igh-frequency words 黛青 山色 According to the study, it was possible for people while dreaming to follow instructions, do simple math, answer yes-or-no questions, or tell the difference between different sensory stimuli (感官刺激). They could respond by using eye movements or contracting (收缩) facial muscle
22、s. The researchers refer to it as “interactive dreaming”. Real-time Dialogue with a Dreaming Person Main ideas of each paragraph Findings: what people can do and how they respond during interactive dreaming. combining similar ideas 黛青 山色 Our experiment is like finding a way to talk with an astronaut
23、 in another world, but in this case the world is completely based on the memories stored in the brain,” the researchers write. “But we realized that finding a way to communicate could open the door in future scientific examinations. Moreover, it is helpful to learn more about dreams and memory stora
24、ge. We will carry out follow-up experiments, aiming to learn more about connections between sleep and memory processing, and about how dreams may show this memory processing,” the researchers say. Real-time Dialogue with a Dreaming Person Main ideas of each paragraph Conclusion: the benefits and fut
25、ure aims of studying dreams and memory. Linking words 黛青 山色 Ways of summarizing paragraph main ideas 1. Finding the topic sentence. 2. Finding the high-frequency words. 3. Combining similar ideas. 4. Focusing on linking words (also, moreover, whats more.) 黛青 山色 Common structure of an expositoryPheno
26、 menon / Proble m Proce ss Findin gs Concl usion/ Outloo k Research process 黛青 山色 根据上下文猜测词义根据上下文猜测词义 Para 2-1 The researchers from four labs in four different countries studied 36 people who aimed to have a lucid dream, in which a person realizes he/she is dreaming. 黛青 山色 细节题细节题 Para. 1-5 . would be
27、 able to sense questions and provide answers to them . in fact, they can. Para. 3-1 According to the study, it was possible for people while dreaming to follow instructions, do simple math, answer yes-or-no questions, or tell the difference between different sensory stimuli (感官刺激感官刺激). 黛青 山色 归纳段落主旨要
28、义题归纳段落主旨要义题。 Our experiment is like finding a way to talk with an astronaut in another world, but in this case the world is completely based on the memories stored in the brain,” the researchers write. “But we realized that finding a way to communicate could open the door in future scientific examin
29、ations. Moreover, it is helpful to learn more about dreams and memory storage. We will carry out follow-up experiments, aiming to learn more about connections between sleep and memory processing, and about how dreams may show this memory processing,” the researchers say. Real-time Dialogue with a Dr
30、eaming Person Conclusion: the benefits and future aims of studying dreams and memory. Linking words 黛青 山色 What：作者阐释了大数据的定义、分析了运用大数据的利弊，作者阐释了大数据的定义、分析了运用大数据的利弊， 并强调了恰当运用大数据的重要性。并强调了恰当运用大数据的重要性。 How：作者通过下定义、做解释、做对比、作者通过下定义、做解释、做对比、举例子等举例子等方式展开说方式展开说 明。文章结构清晰，话题和内容对学生来说虽然不够熟悉，但也明。文章结构清晰，话题和内容对学生来说虽然不够熟
31、悉，但也 深入到了他们生活的方方面面。深入到了他们生活的方方面面。 Why：旨在旨在让让学生了解大数据及其使用，引导学生对于新科技要学生了解大数据及其使用，引导学生对于新科技要 以人为本、审慎使用，培养学生的批判精神。以人为本、审慎使用，培养学生的批判精神。 D 篇 体裁：论说文 黛青 山色 In todays climate, industries often talk about the new popular word of this age, big data. Big data refers to data in general, mostly unorganized and uns
32、tructured. The use of big data has huge potential (潜力) for various industries, healthcare included. Facebook, Amazon, for example, use big data for their digital structures to match customers with their interests. Some experts in discussing big data have described it as the four Vs: Volume referring
33、 to a large amount of data; Velocity referring to the timely generation of data; Variety referring to the many forms of data; Veracity referring to the quality of the data. D The definition of big data. Combining similar ideas 黛青 山色 Some researchers discussed the potential of big data in medicine re
34、cently. For example, big data can be used to improve decision-making when combined (结合) with other new technology like artificial intelligence (AI). It is possible that big data can combine clinical (临床的) characteristics, lifestyle and environmental factors with AI in future clinical testing. Howeve
35、r, this remains just a daydream at the present moment. So far, all big data techniques are mainly descriptive. In the future, with advanced computational power, using big data in medicine is promising. D The potential of using big data in medicine. topic sentence 黛青 山色 However, big data also has its
36、 limitations, and there are several lessons we must learn before using it effectively. First, big data is never well-managed and comes with a large degree of mess. Thus, selecting the correct technology with human power to manage big data is of importance. Second, analytic (分析的) companies can misint
37、erpret (误释) big data by using incorrect research questions to test their guesses or using the wrong tool to analyze the related data, resulting in delivering false messages. D The limitations of using big data in medicine. topic sentence 黛青 山色 Surgisphere, an American analytic company, is a typical
38、example of what can go wrong through the analysis of big data. Surgisphere stated that it collected data from over 1,000 hospitals worldwide. Although this is possible and new technology can complete this task with minimal human resources, it is difficult that this data can be well-managed. In addit
39、ion, healthcare data is challenging to work with, as the combining of electronic medical records and data privacy are major problems. Another example is the Cambridge analytic case (案例), where data got from Facebook was used without permission. D Two examples of using big data wrongly. Linking words
40、 黛青 山色 When properly used, big data can be a game-changer for various industries, including the healthcare industry. This requires well-managed data, related research questions, appropriate analytic tools, and advanced computational powers. In the wrong hands, big data can be a big threat that can b
41、ring industries into disorder as a whole. D The importance of using big data properly. Linking words 黛青 山色 段落间逻辑关系图 P1 P2 P3 P4 P5并列关系 递进关系 黛青 山色 获取事实性信息题。第一段第三句。获取事实性信息题。第一段第三句。 黛青 山色 全文细节题。第二段最后一句话。全文细节题。第二段最后一句话。 are difficult to be(Para 4-3) used without permission (Para. 4-5) to match customer
42、with their interests (Para. 1-3) 黛青 山色 判断作者写作目的题判断作者写作目的题。先归纳全文主旨，再判断。先归纳全文主旨，再判断。 通过分析全文结构可知，第一段阐述了大数据的定义，第二段说通过分析全文结构可知，第一段阐述了大数据的定义，第二段说 明了大数据的潜力，第三段讨论了大明了大数据的潜力，第三段讨论了大数据的潜力，数据的潜力，第四段举例说第四段举例说 明大数据的局限性，第五段强调了合理使用大数据的重要性。明大数据的局限性，第五段强调了合理使用大数据的重要性。 因此，作者的写作目的是：告诉人们各行业只有合理使用大数据因此，作者的写作目的是：告诉人们各行业只
43、有合理使用大数据 才能从中受益。才能从中受益。 黛青 山色 归纳全文主旨，找出最佳标题。归纳全文主旨，找出最佳标题。 通过对全文内容的总结，作者分析了使用大数据的利弊，并且通过对全文内容的总结，作者分析了使用大数据的利弊，并且 在文末强调合理使用大数据的重要性，由此可见，作者对于大在文末强调合理使用大数据的重要性，由此可见，作者对于大 数据是持有审慎态度的，从而可以判断答案为数据是持有审慎态度的，从而可以判断答案为C C。 黛青 山色 In todays climate, industries often talk about the new popular word of this age,
44、 big data. Climate a general attitude or feeling; an atmosphere or a situation which exists in a particular place 倾向；思潮；风气；环境气氛 the current climate of opinion目前的舆论倾向 a climate of kindness 善良的风气 We need to create a climate in which business can prosper. 我们需要 创造一个有利于生意兴隆的环境气氛。 黛青 山色 (D篇 Para. 3-4) Ana
45、lytic companies can misinterpret big data by using incorrect research questions to test their guesses or using the wrong tool to analyze the related data, resulting in delivering false messages. 主语： Analytic companies 谓语：can misinterpret 宾语：big data 方式状语： by using incorrect research questions to tes
46、t their guesses or using the wrong tool to analyze the related data 结果状语： resulting in delivering false messages 黛青 山色 (C篇 Para. 2-1) The researchers from four labs in four different countries studied 36 people who aimed to have a lucid dream, in which a person realizes he/she is dreaming. 主语： the r
47、esearchers 介词短语作后置定语：from four labs in four different countries 谓语：studied 宾语：36 people 定语从句作后置定语：who aimed to have a lucid dream 定语从句in which a person realizes from four labs in four different countries修饰先行词lucid dream 黛青 山色 阅读理解阅读理解教学建议教学建议 考生需掌握的能力 1. 词：根据上下文猜测词义，搞懂常见词的不常见意思 2. 句：分析文章长难句，读懂文章细节 3. 段：运用找中心句、找高频词、找逻辑词、合并同类 意思等方法概括段落大意； 4. 篇：梳理段落逻辑结构，概括文章主旨，分析作者写 作目的，既见树木，又见森林
