1、Unit 4 Space Exploration Words and expressions 学习词汇 1. mental mentl: adj. 精神的精神的; 思想的思想的 physical: adj. 身体的身体的;物理物理的的 1). Mental illness is nothing to be ashamed of. 精神病并不可羞愧。 2). Mentally, I began making a list of things I had to do. 我开始在脑子里盘算我该做哪些事情。 3). Are you going to cooperate or do we have to
2、 get physical? 你是合作呢，还是要我们动手？ 输入 文字 2. cm = centimeter/centimetre sentimi:t(r) : n. 厘米 millimeter/millimetre: n. 毫米 meter/metre: n. 米; 公尺 kilometer/kilometre: n. 千米; 公里 1)His height has increased by 3 cm. 2)The player is 185 cm in height and 95 kg in weight. 3. intelligent adj.有智慧的;聪明的;有智力的 intellig
3、ence n.智力 AI=artificial intelligence 人工智能 完成句子 (1)他们聪明且有教养。 They were _. (2)人工智能在我们生活中应用广泛。 _ is widely used in our daily life. intelligentand educated. Artificial intelligence 4. frontier frnt(r): n. 边境;国界;边远地区 (指两国接壤的前沿地区,多有军队驻防) border: n. 边界; 边境 (多指靠近两国或两地区分界线的区域) boundary n. 分界线，边界侧重指某区域最外的界线，常
4、和 领土有关，也指地图上正式标定的、双方认可的边界或较小 行政单位间的界线)。 China has a frontier with Vietnam. 中国的边界和越南相接。 5.determine vt. 查明; 确定; 决定 determined adj. 有决心的, 意志坚定的 determination n. 决定, 确定 determine to do sth. 决心做某事 be determined to do sth. 下定决心做某事 be determined that. . . 决心 He has been _ (determine) that nothing should b
5、e changed in his report. We determine _ (get) the work done before Sunday. Now that you have expressed your _ (determine)，you should act. determined to get determination a determined look 坚定的眼神 6.launch vt.伟大的 n. 巨人;巨兽;伟人 big: adj. 大的;巨大的; 年龄较大的; 重大的; 严重的 huge: adj. 巨大的;庞大的 large: adj. 大的; 大量的; 大规模的
6、 great: adj. 伟大的: 巨大的; 大的 1).Hes a giant of a man. 他是个巨人。 2).He looks scary but hes really a gentle giant. 他看上去可怕，实际却是个性格温和的巨人 9.leap li:p: n. 跳跃;剧增;剧变 v. 跳过;跃过 (leapt-leapt lept; leaped-leaped) jump: v.跳; 跳跃;跳过; 跨越 1) She threw back the covers and leapt out of bed. 她掀开被子跳下床来。 2) With a spring, the
7、cat leapt on to the table. 猫一跃跳上桌子。 10. mankind n.人类 human n. 人，人类； adj. 人的；有人性的； (a) human being: humanity n. 人类；人性；人道；人文学科； man n. 男人；人类；男子汉；雇工； vt. 使振作；操纵； 给配置人员； 在就位； 第三人称单数：mans 复数：men 现在分词：manning 过去式：manned Theres no snake known that will habitually attack human beings unless threatened with
8、its life 除非自己的生命受到了威胁，已知的蛇中还没有习惯性地攻击人 类的。 11.agency ednsi: n (政府的)专门机构;服务机构;代理处 agent: n.代理人;经纪人 1)The agency has lost several of its most important accounts. 这家代理机构失去了几家最重要的老客户。 2)The agency is voluntary and not run for profit. 这个机构是义务性的，不是为了赢利。 3)You can book at your local travel agency. 你可以在当地的旅行
9、社订票。 12. transmit vt 数据 (单数: datum) 1)This information is only raw data and will need further a nalysis. 这些资料只是原始数据，还需要进一步进行分析。 2).New information is matched against existing data in the computer. 新的资料和电脑中已有的数据作了比较。 14.disappointed adj.失望的；沮丧的 disappoint vt.使失望 disappointing adj.令人失望的 disappointment
10、 n.失望；沮丧；令人失望的事(或人) (be) disappointed at/about/with 对感到失望 (be) disappointed to do sth 对做某事感到失望 (be) disappointed that从句 对感到失望 to ones disappointment 令人失望的是 disappoint sb. 使某人失望 They were disappointed _ the result of the game 他们对比赛结果很失望。 He was disappointed (see) she wasnt at the party The news that
11、he failed the exam made us very (disappoint) 4) To my _(disappoint), they refused my request. at to see disappointing disappointed disappointment 15. desire n. 渴望; 欲望 vt. 渴望; 期望 desirable adj. 令人满意的; 值得要的 desired adj. 渴望的; 想得到的 desire to do 渴望做 desire sb. to do 希望某人做 desire that. . 希望(从句中用should do结
12、构, should可以省略) a desire for sth. 渴望 (1) She has _success. (2) The people expressed their desire that the war _ _soon. a desire for should come to an end have a strong desire to do sth 16.carry on 继续做；坚持干 carry out 实施；执行 carry through 度过难关；完成 1).The group of soldiers carried out a secret military act
13、ion the other day 几天前，这群士兵执行了一次秘密的军事行动。 2).Comrades in Germany were carrying on a heroic fight against war under conditions of fascism at that time 那时，在德国的同志正在法西斯的统治区进行一场英勇的反 战斗争。 单句语法填空 The opening ceremony will be carried _ this afternoon at 3：00. That family has carried _ this business for five g
14、enerations. Their hope helped those people to carry _ this last difficult test. out on through 17.ongoing n: adj.持续存在的; 仍在进行的;不断发展的 outgoing: adj. 外向的; 善于交际的 1)An example of this ongoing work is the International Space Station. 2)There is an ongoing debate on this problem. 3)That research is ongoing
15、. 1. 用作副词时，表示“在船上”。如： Have the passengers gone on board? 旅客都已上船了吗? As soon as Im on board, I always feel sick. 我一上船就想呕。 2. on board 用作介词时，其后可直接跟表示车、船、飞机的名词。 如： He went on board the train just now. 他刚上火车。 Mr Smith is on board one of those ships. 史密斯先生在其中的一条船上。 There were ten people on board the plane
16、. 当时飞机上有十个人。 18.on board 在宇宙飞船上；在船上；在飞机上 broad adj.宽的 宽阔的 abroad adv.在国外;到国外 board vt.依赖的依赖的;取决于取决于的的 depend on:依靠；取决于依靠；取决于 It depends:看情况看情况 We depend on energy to do many things in our daily lives. The journey takes about two hours, depending on traffic. from independent on I stood watching for t
17、he signal to change to green. As soon as he sat down at the table, he signalled to the waiter to bring the menu. 一在桌边坐下, 他就示意侍者拿菜 单来。 20. signal vi. 发暗号; 示意 n. 信号; 暗号 (1)signal(sb. )that. . . 示意(某人) signal(to)sb. to do sth. 示意某人做某事 (2)a danger/warning signal 危险/警告信号 traffic signals 交通信号灯 a stop sign
18、al 停车信号 symbol 指符号、象征、标志等指符号、象征、标志等, 常表示某种有深邃寓意的事常表示某种有深邃寓意的事 物物 signal指指为某一目的而有意识地为某一目的而有意识地发出的信号发出的信号 sign 表示表示“记号、符号记号、符号”时时, 同同symbol; 表示表示“告示告示, 标志标志” 时时, 侧重指用侧重指用图形、文字图形、文字等所表达的内容等所表达的内容; 另外还可指另外还可指 “征兆征兆, 迹象迹象” mark 普通用词普通用词, 含义广泛含义广泛, 既可指为便于辨认而有意识地所既可指为便于辨认而有意识地所 做的标记做的标记, 又可指自然而然形成的标志或有别于其他
19、又可指自然而然形成的标志或有别于其他 事物的特征事物的特征, 也可用于指也可用于指“分数分数, 成绩成绩” eg. There is no sign of rain. She made a signal with her arm for a left turn. Peace marked a new dawn in the countrys history. Those marks above the window look like damp to me. The dove is a universal symbol of peace. to to stop signalling 21. i
20、n (the) hope of doing sth: 抱着的希望 in hopes of doing : 抱着做的希望 in the hope that: 抱着的希望 1)He studies hard in the hope of attending a key university. 2)We got up very early in the hope of catching the first train. 3)We got up very early in the hope that we could catch the first train. 22. to do sth ,so a
21、s to do sth ,in order to do sth ,so that,in order that的区别 在句子中位置的差别：to do sth ,in order to,in order that 既可用在开头,也可用 在句中。so as to,so that 只能用于句中。 在搭配上的区别：to，so as to，in order to 后面接动词原形，in order that， so that 后面接从句。 （1）to 表示“为了”，to 不定式做目的状语，后接动词原形，表示目的。 And to make it, you have to try your best. （2）s
22、o as to 表示目的是.，后面接动词原形，表示结果，只能用在句中。 He studied even harder so as to pass the exam. （3）in order to 意思是“为了”，与to相近，但比to的目的性更强，后接动词 原形 ，既可用在开头,也可用在句中。 句中：He studied even harder in order to pass the exam. 句首：In order to pass the exam, he studied even harder. 句意上的区别：在一般情况下，to、in order to、so as to可以互 换，只要s
23、o as to不在句首即可。so that、in order that有以至于 的意思，但so that多用于非正式语体而in order that更加正式。 除此so that和in order that还有自己独特用法： （1）so that可以表结果。引导结果状语从句： Some people were so moved by the sight that they began to cry. （2）in order that的从句中可以使用can,could,may,might,must等 情态动词： You must work harder in order that you can
24、 achieve high score. 23. lack n. 缺乏; 短缺vt. 没有; 缺乏 lacking adj. 缺乏的; 没有的; 不足的 (a)lack of 没有, 缺乏; 不足, 不够 for lack of因缺乏; 因没有 lack in=be lacking in 缺少 lack作及物动词时, 不能用于被动语态。形容词lacking 不用于名词前。 (1)He _courage to do the work. (2) _could put the birds health at risk. (3)They did not close _customers. is lac
25、king in Lack of sleep for lack of 24. otherwise adv.否则;要不然 otherwise adv. 以另外方式,别样,在其他方面,除此之外 conj.不然,否则(常用于虚拟语气中) = or = or else 写出otherwise在句中的含义 (1)The rent is a bit high,but otherwise the house is satisfying. (2)Im not feeling very well today,otherwise I would do it myself. (3)There was some mus
26、ic playing upstairs.Otherwise the house was silent. 在其他方面 否则,要不然 除此之外 25.beyond prep. 在更远处;超出 beyond prep. 除之外;非所能及;晚于,迟于 beyond repair/control/belief/imagination 无法修理/控制/相信/想象 be beyond sb 超出某人的理解能力 写出beyond在句中的含义 (1)They crossed the mountain and travelled to the valleys beyond. (2)The situation wa
27、s beyond her control. (3)Its beyond me why she wants to leave the company. (4)You cant stay out beyond 10:00 pm. 26.current krnt : adj.当前的;现在的 n. 水流;电流; 思潮 currently adv.现时;目前;当前;时下 currency n.通货;货币;通用;流行;流传 He currently has no strong rivals for power. 目前没有可以和他争夺权势的有力对手。 Birds use warm air currents
28、to help their flight. 鸟利用暖气流助飞。 a 15 amp electrical current 15安培的电流 The term post-industrial now has wide currency . “后工业化”这个术语现已广为使用。 写出下列句中figure的含义。 As for my favourite figure in Chinese history，it must be Wei Yuan，a great thinker in the late Qing Dynasty. Sitting on a sofa in her room，Welty，a sl
29、im figure in a simple gray dress，looked pleased with this explanation. The same cognitive (认知的) systems that make young children feel good about figuring something out may have been adopted by adult scientists. 27.figure n画像；身材；数字；体形；人物画像；身材；数字；体形；人物v估计；计算；认为估计；计算；认为 人物 体型 理解，明白 1)keep ones figure保持
30、体形 have a good figure身材好 a public/political figure一位公众/政治人物 (2)figure out理解；想出；计算出 单句语法填空。 1.I could hear them talking but I couldnt figure _ what they were saying. 2.中国历史上我最喜欢的人物是李白，他是唐朝的一位诗人。中国历史上我最喜欢的人物是李白，他是唐朝的一位诗人。 out As for my favourite figure in Chinese history, it must be Li Bai, a great po
31、et in the Tang Dynasty 28. sufficient sfnt: adj. 足够的;充足的 enough nf: 足够的;充足的;充分的 adequate dkwt: 足够的 abundant bndnt: 充裕的;丰富的 Allow sufficient time to get there. 留出充足的时间好赶过去。 A few brief comments are sufficient for present purposes. 就当前而言，几句简短的话已经足够了。 29.facility fslti: n. 设施;设备 equipment kwpmnt: n. 设备
32、; 装备(不可数名词) instrument n.器械;仪器;器具;(车辆、机器的)仪器 1). Is he learning an instrument? 他在学习演奏乐器吗？ 2).This piece of equipment is an exciting new development. 这台设备是一项振奋人心的最新研究成果。 3).The problem lies in getting patients to a medical facility as soon as possible. 问题在于要把病人尽快送至医院。 30. keen adj.热衷的;渴望的 keen作形容词时，除
33、了作定语修饰名词外，还常用于以下结构： be keen _ sth 表示“渴望做某事” be keen _ sth 表示“对某物热心/喜欢某事” 根据汉语提示完成句子，每空一词。 1) 那个小女孩渴望能炫耀她的新衣服。 The little girl _ _ _ _ _ her new clothes. 2) 她对音乐充满了热情，还学习了弹吉他。 She _ _ _ _ and learned to play the guitar. to do on is keen to show off is keen on music 关于渴望的相关短语 be hungry for- desire sth wish for sth be ambitious of be eager to hunger for long for be dying for sth Thanks
