1、SUMMARY WRITING 海洋动物受人造水下噪音的干扰 FantasticFantastic So-soSo-soBadBad Add your text Add your text Add your text Add your text Add your text Add your text Add your text Add your text Add your text Add your text Add your text Add your text Read for the style narrationexposition argumentation 记叙文说明文 The p
2、rocess of forming reasons and of drawing conclusions and applying them to a case in discussion reasonsA point The parts of an argumentation An appeal Introduce a debatable point/issue/view Support by sufficient reasons/ evidence Conclude with a logical appeal lSimple argumentlchain argument lcompoun
3、d argument lcomplex argument polish rewrite The points The structure The topic Steps of writing a summary clarify Find out the topic/view1 We already know that the underwater world is anything but silent. It is full of natural sounds produced by animals and by the motion of the atmosphere and water.
4、 But todays researchers are increasingly concerned about the man-made noises under the water. They are confusing-and even killing- fish ,whales and other marine animals. 根本不 We already know that the underwater world is anything but silent. It is full of natural sounds produced by animals and by the
5、motion of the atmosphere and water. But todays researchers are increasingly concerned about the man-made noises under the water. They are confusing-and even killing- fish ,whales and other marine animals. topic Analyze the structure2 We already know that the underwater world is anything but silent.
6、It is full of natural sounds produced by animals and by the motion of the atmosphere and water. But todays researchers are increasingly concerned about the man-made noises under the water. They are confusing-and even killing-fish, whales and other marine animals. Although hearing is important to all
7、 animals, the special qualities of the undersea world emphasize the use of sound. Underwater sound allows marine animals to gather information and communicate at great distances and from all directions. Loud underwater noises can cause damage to their hearing. And nowadays its becoming too much for
8、marine wildlife. Evidence shows that whales will swim hundreds of miles, rapidly change their depth, and even beach themselves to get away from the sounds of sonar. You might think lower noises, typically caused by shipping or construction, do not pose a threat to marine animals. In fact, while they
9、 may not kill the animals directly, they can disturb their ability to locate food, find mates and avoid predators(掠食动物).Scientists looked at the effects of noise from small motorboats on coral-reef fish at the Great Barrier Reef in Australia. In the lab, the fish had been trained to recognize the sm
10、ell of three common predators as a threat. Some fish were trained in the presence of boat noise, while the others had training with the natural sounds of the ocean. It turned out that the first group showed no fright reactions when exposed to the predator. However, the other group was scared. And un
11、der the influence of underwater noise on this group，only 20 percent of fish survived, compared to almost 70 percent of unexposed fish. Humans rely on the ocean for its natural resources and biodiversity. The ocean also plays an important role in regulating(调节)temperatures. As Cousteau said，For most
12、of history, man has had to fight nature to survive; in this century he is beginning to realize that, in order to survive, he must protect it. A view Supporting point1 Supporting point2 Conclusion/appeal they Lower noises Importance of sounds Influences of loud noises Clarify the points3 But todays r
13、esearchers are increasingly concerned about the man- made noises under the water. They are confusing-and even killing-fish ,whales and other marine animals. Although hearing is important to all animals, the special qualities of the undersea world emphasize the use of sound. Underwater sound allows m
14、arine animals to gather information and communicate at great distances and from all directions. Loud underwater noises can cause damage to their hearing. And nowadays its becoming too much for marine wildlife. Evidence shows that whales will swim hundreds of miles, rapidly change their depth, and ev
15、en beach themselves to get away from the sounds of sonar. Although hearing is important to all animals, the special qualities of the undersea world emphasize the use of sound. Underwater sound allows marine animals to gather information and communicate at great distances and from all directions. Lou
16、d underwater noises can cause damage to their hearing. And nowadays its becoming too much for marine wildlife. Evidence shows that whales will swim hundreds of miles, rapidly change their depth, and even beach themselves to get away from the sounds of sonar. Delete the unnecessary details You might
17、think lower noises, typically caused by shipping or construction, do not pose a threat to marine animals. In fact, while they may not kill the animals directly, they can disturb their ability to locate food, find mates and avoid predators(掠食动 物).Scientists looked at the effects of noise from small m
18、otorboats on coral-reef fish at the Great Barrier Reef in Australia. In the lab, the fish had been trained to recognize the smell of three common predators as a threat. Some fish were trained in the presence of boat noise, while the others had training with the natural sounds of the ocean. It turned
19、 out that the first group showed no fright reactions when exposed to the predator. However, the other group was scared. And under the influence of underwater noise on this group，only 20 percent of fish survived, compared to almost 70 percent of unexposed fish. You might think lower noises, typically
20、 caused by shipping or construction, do not pose a threat to marine animals. In fact, while they may not kill the animals directly, they can disturb their ability to locate food, find mates and avoid predators(掠食动 物).Scientists looked at the effects of noise from small motorboats on coral-reef fish
21、at the Great Barrier Reef in Australia. In the lab, the fish had been trained to recognize the smell of three common predators as a threat. Some fish were trained in the presence of boat noise, while the others had training with the natural sounds of the ocean. It turned out that the first group sho
22、wed no fright reactions when exposed to the predator. However, the other group was scared. And under the influence of underwater noise on this group,only 20 percent of fish survived, compared to almost 70 percent of unexposed fish. A fact Support -ing evidence Delete the unnecessary details illustra
23、te the result shortly Humans rely on the ocean for its natural resources and biodiversity. The ocean also plays an important role in regulating(调 节)temperatures. As Cousteau said，For most of history, man has had to fight nature to survive; in this century he is beginning to realize that, in order to
24、 survive, he must protect it. Rewrite the points4 Humans rely on the ocean for its natural resources and biodiversity. The ocean also plays an important role in regulating(调 节)temperatures. As Cousteau said，For most of history, man has had to fight nature to survive; in this century he is beginning
25、to realize that, in order to survive, he must protect it. Cause and effect mean/count so much that uAs A play an important role in,主+谓+宾 uAs A matter/mean/ count a lot, 主+谓+宾 uA matter so much that 主+谓+宾 uA influence B so much that 主+谓+宾 uWith so many benefits (of A to B),主+谓+宾 1. As the ocean plays
26、 an very important role, we must protect it. 2. As the ocean matters a lot to people, we should protect it. 3. The ocean means so much that we must protect it. 4. With so many benefits of the ocean to the environment, 5. We must protect the ocean. The ocean plays an important role in the environment
27、. We must protect the ocean, which . As , for（不放句首）, since, because 同义替换同义替换paraphrasing Make use of the attributive clause But todays researchers are increasingly concerned about the man- made noises under the water. They are confusing-and even killing-fish ,whales and other marine animals. But tod
28、ays researchers are increasingly concerned about the man- made noises under the water. They are confusing-and even killing-fish ,whales and other marine animals. the man-made noises under the water are confusing and even killing marine animals. To begin with the topic directly u对对有不好的影响有不好的影响/对对有害有害
29、 uA do harm to B uA be harmful to B uA cause damage to B uA have a bad/terrible influence on B But todays researchers are increasingly concerned about 找出文中表达相似的词和词块 lConfuse, kill lCause damage to lPose a threat to/ as a threat to lThe effects of noise Threaten vt. Affect vt. Impact vt. Although hea
30、ring is important to all animals, the special qualities of the undersea world emphasize the use of sound. Loud underwater noises can cause damage to their hearing. And nowadays its becoming too much for marine wildlife. Although hearing is important to all animals, the special qualities of the under
31、sea world emphasize the use of sound. Loud underwater noises can cause damage to their hearing. And nowadays its becoming too much for marine wildlife. Importance of sounds Influences of Loud noises The undersea sound is important to the marine animals. especially important to the marine animals. Lo
32、ud noises underwater threaten their hearing.life.normal life adversative relation Although / but/however/as , though While/yet By contrast/ on the contrary/ whereas 1. The undersea sound is especially important to the marine animals. But loud noises underwater can threaten their normal life. 2. Impo
33、rtant as underwater sound is to animals there, loud noises in the sea threatens their normal life. You might think lower noises, typically caused by shipping or construction, do not pose a threat to marine animals. In fact, while they may not kill the animals directly, they can disturb their ability
34、 to locate food, find mates and avoid predators(掠食动 物).Scientists looked at the effects of noise from small motorboats on coral-reef fish at the Great Barrier Reef in Australia. In the lab, the fish had been trained to recognize the smell of three common predators as a threat. Some fish were trained
35、 in the presence of boat noise, while the others had training with the natural sounds of the ocean. It turned out that the first group showed no fright reactions when exposed to the predator. However, the other group was scared. And under the influence of underwater noise on this group，only 20 perce
36、nt of fish survived, compared to almost 70 percent of unexposed fish. You might think lower noises, typically caused by shipping or construction, do not pose a threat to marine animals. In fact, while they may not kill the animals directly, they can disturb their ability to locate food, find mates a
37、nd avoid predators(掠食动 物).Scientists looked at the effects of noise from small motorboats on coral-reef fish at the Great Barrier Reef in Australia. In the lab, the fish had been trained to recognize the smell of three common predators as a threat. Some fish were trained in the presence of boat nois
38、e, while the others had training with the natural sounds of the ocean. It turned out that the first group showed no fright reactions when exposed to the predator. However, the other group was scared. And under the influence of underwater noise on this group,only 20 percent of fish survived, compared
39、 to almost 70 percent of unexposed fish. A fact Support -ing evidence Delete the unnecessary details illustrate the result shortly You might think lower noises, typically caused by shipping or construction, do not pose a threat to marine animals. In fact, while they may not kill the animals directly
40、, they can disturb their ability to locate food, find mates and avoid predators(掠食动 物).Scientists looked at the effects of noise from small motorboats on coral-reef fish at the Great Barrier Reef in Australia. In the lab, the fish had been trained to recognize the smell of three common predators as
41、a threat. Some fish were trained in the presence of boat noise, while the others had training with the natural sounds of the ocean. It turned out that the first group showed no fright reactions when exposed to the predator. However, the other group was scared. And under the influence of underwater n
42、oise on this group，only 20 percent of fish survived, compared to almost 70 percent of unexposed fish. You might think lower noises, typically caused by shipping or construction, do not pose a threat to marine animals. In fact, while they may not kill the animals directly, they can disturb their abil
43、ity to locate food, find mates and avoid predators(掠食动 物).Scientists looked at the effects of noise from small motorboats on coral-reef fish at the Great Barrier Reef in Australia. In the lab, the fish had been trained to recognize the smell of three common predators as a threat. Some fish were trai
44、ned in the presence of boat noise, while the others had training with the natural sounds of the ocean. It turned out that the first group showed no fright reactions when exposed to the predator. However, the other group was scared. And under the influence of underwater noise on this group,only 20 pe
45、rcent of fish survived, compared to almost 70 percent of unexposed fish. A fact Support -ing evidence Lower noises disturb their life. Only little fish can survive under the influence of noise. The survival rate of fish drops_ under the influence of noise. sharply Actually/ Indeed/ Polish your sente
46、nces1 For logic For language 1. Man-made sound does harm to marine animals. 2. Important as underwater sound is to animals there, loud noises in the sea threaten their normal life. 3. Lower noise disturbs their life. The survival rate of fish drops sharply under the influence of noise. 4. With the b
47、enefits of ocean to the environment, we must protect it. is doing harm to marine animals. noises in the sea disturb and even threaten their normal life noises ,whether loud or low , in the sea disturb and even threaten their normal life According to scientists research accurate objective people conc
48、ise Objective? Concise? I/we think I/we believe . Man-made sound is doing harm to marine animals . Important as underwater sound is to animals there, noises ,whether loud or low , in the sea disturb and even threaten their normal life. According to scientists research , the survival rate of fish dro
49、ps sharply under the influence of noise . with the benefits of ocean to the environment, we must protect it. Thus, logical Polish with the principles accurate objective concise logical A students work: The man-made noises are confusing and even killing marine animals under the water. Hearing is impo
50、rtant to all animals, loud noises can cause damage to their hearing. The loud noises also pose a threat to marine animals. We rely on the ocean, so we must protect it. The sound is The lower noises marine animals but loud noise can cause damage to as an experiment showed little fish survived under t
