1、1 1devote vt.把献(给)；把专用于；专心于devoted adj.忠诚的；深 爱的devotion n奉献；忠诚 2short adj.短的；不足的；短期的shortage n不足；缺少；短缺shorten vt.使变短 3character n性情；(小说、戏剧中的)人物；角色characteristic n特征； 特点；品质 adj.典型的；独特的 4convention n常规；习俗；惯例conventional adj.传统的；习惯的 5assume v假定；设想assumption n假定；设定；(责任的)承担；(权 利的)获得 6real adj.真的really ad
2、v.真正地；实际上reality n现实；实际情况； 事实 7salt n盐salty adj.含盐的；咸的 1boost vt.使增长；使兴旺n增长；提高；激励 These changes will help to boost food prices.vt.使增长 This has given clothing prices a big boost.n增长 This measure will be a great boost to the economy.n激励 2expand vt.& vi.扩大；增加vt.扩展；发展(业务) The ranks of the teachers are c
3、onstantly expanding.vi.扩大；增加 The merchant wants to expand his business.vt.扩大 The writer expanded his short novel into a long one.vt.扩展 3estimate vt.估计；估价；估算 n估计；估算 The painters estimate for painting the whole house was 1，000 dollars. n估计；估价 This painting is estimated at $200$300. vt. 估价 He estimated
4、 the speed of the winds from the degree of damage. 2 vt. 估算 4characteristic n特征；特点；品质 adj.典型的；独特的 The two species have several characteristics in common. n.特征；特点 I recognized his characteristic walk.adj.典型的； 独特的 Independence is the outstanding characteristic of a person.n.品 质 Words and Phrases 知识要点
5、1 devote vt.把献(给)；把专用于；专心于 (教材 P50)Indeed, his slim but strong body is just like that of millions of Chinese farmers，to whom he has devoted his life. 确实， 他瘦削但结实的身躯看起来和他为之奉献了一生的千千万万的中国农 民一样。 例 1We should devote everything we have. 我们应该奉献我们的一切。 例 2He devoted a great sum of money to books. 他花了一大笔钱买书。 知
6、识拓展 (1)devote.to (doing)sth.把献给(做)某事 devote oneself tobe devoted to 献身于；专心致力于 (2)devoted adj.忠实的；深爱的 (3)devotion n.奉献；关爱 即学即练单句语法填空/完成句子 His devotion(devote)to the cause of education is wellknown. Qian Xuesen has been devoted to Chinas aerospace all his life. Neighbors devoted their spare time to he
7、lping(help)others rebuild. 他将一生奉献给了教育事业。 He devoted himself entirely/all his life to education. 小片段填空 3 He could only devote two hours a day to the project, but his devotion to duty is worth respecting. 他一天只能在这个项目上花两个小时，但他忠于职守是值得尊敬的。 知识要点 2 convince vt.使相信；使确信；说服 (教材 P50)Yuan was convinced that the
8、answer could be found in the creation of hybrid rice. 袁隆平确信，答案可以在杂交水稻的培育中找到。 例 1Roberts expression had obviously convinced her of his innocence. 罗伯特的表情显然使她相信他是清白的。 例 2She needed to find a way to convince Michel he was wrong. 她需要想办法使米歇尔相信他错了。 知识拓展 (1)convince sb.of sth.使某人确信/明白某事 convince sb.that.使某人
9、相信 convince sb.to do sth.说服某人做某事 (2)convincing adj.令人信服的 convinced adj.确信的；坚信的 be convinced of相信 be convinced (that).(某人)相信 即学即练单句语法填空/完成句子 I am quite convinced of her experience in it. Im not completely convinced(convince)(that)he knew the importance of practice. His speech was so convincing(convin
10、ce)that everyone present believed what he said. 我们一直在试图说服他放弃那个计划。 Weve been trying to convince him to give up the plan 她说的话让我相信我错了。 What she said convinced me that I was mistaken. 我自己都不会相信，更别提说服别人了。 4 Im not going to believe it myself, never mind convince anyone else 知识要点 3 assumption n假定；设定；(责任的)承担
11、；(权利的)获得 (教材 P50)The common assumption then was that it could not be done. 当时人们普遍认为这是不可能的。 例 1We mistook assumption that the price would fall. 我们错误地认为价格会下降。 例 2Your argument is based on a set of questionable assumptions. 你的论证建立在一套有问题的假设上。 知识拓展 (1)make an assumption认为；假定 on the assumption that.假定 (2)
12、assume v.假定；设想 assume sb./sth.to be假定/假设某人/某事为 It is assumed that.一般认为 (3)assuming(that).假设/假定 即学即练单句语法填空/完成句子 Assuming(assume)that it rains, what shall we do? The project was predicated on the assumption (assume)that the economy was expanding. 一般认为，过重的工作会造成压力。 It is generally assumed that too much
13、work will cause stress. 在听到对他不利的证词之前，你假定他是无罪的。 You assume him to be innocent before hearing the evidence against him. 她总在猜别人有多少钱。 Shes always making assumptions about how much money people have. 小片段填空 In most cases a false assumption would lead to a problem for the project, since we usually tend to
14、assume that things will go the way we want. 在大部分的情况下，错误的假定会导致项目发生问题，因为我们通常倾向于 假定事情会如我们所希望般的发生。 5 知识要点 4 overcome vt.(overcame, overcome)克服；解决；战胜 (教材 P50)Through intense effort, Yuan overcame enormous technical difficulties to develop the first hybrid rice that could be used for farming in 1974. 通过不懈
15、的努力，袁隆平克服了巨大的技术难题，于 1974 年培育出了第一 种可用于农业生产的杂交水稻。 例 1In the final game Sweden easily overcame France. 在决赛中，瑞典队轻松战胜了法国队。 例 2I would overcome any weakness, any despair, any fear. 我要克服所有的软弱、绝望和恐惧。 知识拓展 overcome difficulties战胜困难 be overcome with因而受不了 即学即练完成句子 他克服了种种困难最终取得了成功。 He overcame all kinds of diff
16、iculties and succeeded at last. 他突然对自己造成的伤害懊悔不已。 He was suddenly overcome with the harm he had done. 她战胜了伤痛，赢得了奥运会金牌。 She overcame injury to win the Olympic gold medal. 知识要点 5 expand vt.& vi.扩大；增加vt.扩展；发展(业务) (教材 P50)This hybrid enabled farmers to expand their output greatly. 这种杂交水稻使农民大大增加了产量。 例 1Th
17、e petals of many flowers expand in the sunshine. 许多花瓣在阳光下绽放。 例 2The business has expanded greatly over the last year. 过去的一年里，这家公司极大地增加了业务量。 知识拓展 expand .into.把扩展/发展成 expand into.发展成/扩大成 6 expand on sth.细说(阐述) 即学即练完成句子 请你把这一点详细说明一下，好吗？ Could you expand on this point, please? 他的工作室扩大规模而成为一家大公司了。 His s
18、tudio was expanded into a big company. 中国的信息产业正迅速发展。 The information industries are rapidly expanding in China. 知识要点 6 be comprised of 包括；包含；由组成(或构成) ( 教 材 P5051)Today, it is estimated that about 60 percent of domestic rice consumption in China is comprised of crops generated from Yuans hybrid strai
19、ns. 据估算， 现在中国国内消费的稻米有大约 60%来自袁隆平的杂交水稻品种形 成的作物。 例 1The committee is comprised of representatives from both public and private sectors. 委员会由政府和私人部门的双方代表组成。 例 2Groups are comprised of two or more people. 小组由两人或两人以上组成。 知识拓展 be composed of由组成 consist of由组成 be made up of由组成，构成 即学即练单句语法填空/一句多译 Aweek consis
20、ts of seven days. 救援队由 8 个士兵和 2 个医生组成。 The rescue team is composed of eight soldiers and two doctors. The rescue team consists of eight soldiers and two doctors. The rescue team is made up of eight soldiers and two doctors. 名师点津 consist of 没有被动语态，相当于 be made up of 或 be composed of，且不用于 7 进行时。 Senten
21、ce Patterns 重点句式 1 what 引导主语从句 (教材 P50)However，what concerned him most was that farmers often had poor harvests and sometimes even had a serious shortage of food to eat. 然而，最让他担心的是农民经常粮食歉收，有时甚至严重缺乏食物。 句式分析：句中 what concerned him most 为 what 引导的主语从句。 例 1What we need is money. 我们需要的是钱。 例 2What I want t
22、o know is this. 我想知道的就是这一点。 知识拓展 what 是连接代词，引导的从句可以作主语、宾语或表语；what 本身在从句 中可作主语、宾语或表语。 即学即练完成句子 他想知道经理在会议上说了些什么。 He wanted to know what the manager had said at the meeting. 小女孩吓得不敢说话，在那儿站了几个小时。 The young girl was too frightened to speak, standing there for what seemed like hours 把你买的东西给我看看。 Show me wh
23、at you have bought 是什么使他哭的还不清楚。 What made her angry was not clear. 名师点津 what 除引导从句外，还在从句中作成分，意为“所的(东西)”，在含义 上等于“名词that”。that 引导名词性从句只起连接作用，在从句中不作任何 成分，无意义，在宾语从句中通常省略，但在主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句 中均不能省略。 你最好还是努力工作。 8 Its the best that you should work hard 重点句式 2 It is/was过去分词that. (教材 P5051)Today，it is estimate
24、d that about 60 percent of domestic rice consumption in China is comprised of crops generated from Yuans hybrid strains. 据估算， 现在中国国内消费的稻米有大约 60%来自袁隆平的杂交水稻品种形 成的作物。 句式分析：句中 it is estimated that“据估算”为 “It is/was过去分词 that.” 结构。it 作形式主语，真正的主语是 that 引导的主语从句。 例 1It is estimated that every year 50 unaccomp
25、anied children arrive in Britain. 据估计，每年有 50 名儿童独自来到英国。 例 2It is estimated that the vase is 2000 years old. 据估计这花瓶有两千年历史。 知识拓展 (1)常用于此结构的动词有 say， report， think， hope， suggest， believe， require， announce 等。 (2)此句型可改写为“sb./sth.be said/believed/thoughtto do”或“people say/think.(that).”结构。 即学即练完成句子/句型转换
26、据报道，三分之一的市民打算购买私家车。 It is reported that one third of citizens plan to buy a private car. 人们希望这种可怕的疾病能迅速得到控制。 It is hoped that the terrible disease will soon be controlled. 这次会议预计要开 4 天。 It is estimated that the meeting will last four days. 据说他已经通过了驾照考试。 It is said that he has passed the driving test
27、. He is said to have passed the driving test. 重点句式 3 given that.引导的状语从句 (教材 P51)Given that Yuans hybrids have made him quite wealthy, one might 9 think he would retire to a life of leisure. 考虑到杂交水稻使袁隆平变得相当富有， 人们可能认为他会退休享受闲适的 生活。 句式分析：given that.意为“考虑到”，引导的是一个状语从句。 例 1Given that theyre inexperienced,
28、 theyve done a good job. 在缺乏经验的情况下， 他们的工作已经算是做得相当不错了。 例 2Given that he gracefully apologized, the woman accepted his apology. 在他有礼貌地道歉后，这位女士接受了他的道歉。 知识拓展 (1)用作 give 的过去分词， 引出过去分词短语作状语， 意为“如果有”， “假定”等义，此时要注意其逻辑主语与句子主语保持一致。 (2)可用作介词，后接名词或代词，意为“考虑到”或“鉴于”。 (3)用作形容词，意为“特定的”“一定的”“规定的”等，通常用作定语。 (4)given 后也
29、可接 that 从句，表示“考虑到” 。 即学即练单句语法填空/句型转换 The work must be done within the given(give)time. If the trees had been given more attention, they could be grown better. Given more attention, the trees could have grown better. If they are given time, theyll probably agree. Given time, theyll probably agree. Gi
30、ven her interest in children, Im sure teaching is the right career for her. Given that she is interested in children, Im sure teaching is the right career for her. 1However, what concerned him most was that farmers often had poor harvests and sometimes even had a serious shortage of food to eat. 分析本
31、句是一个复合句。 句中 what concerned him most 为 what 引导的主 语从句， that farmers.为 that 引导的表语从句， 其中不定式短语 to eat 作名词 food 的后置定语。 译文然而，最让他担心的是，农民经常粮食歉收，有时甚至严重缺乏食 10 物。 2Today, it is estimated that about 60 percent of domestic rice consumption in China is comprised of crops generated from Yuans hybrid strains, and hi
32、s strains have allowed Chinas farmers to produce around 200 million tons of rice per year. 分析本句是一个复合句。句中 and 连接表示顺承关系的并列句，其中第 一个分句中 it 为形式主语， 真正的主语是后面 that 引导的名词性从句； 过去分词 短语 generated from Yuans hybrid strains 作名词 crops 的后置定语。 译文据估算，现在中国国内消费的稻米有大约 60%来自袁隆平的杂交水 稻品种形成的作物，这些品种(形成的作物)让中国农民每年能够生产出大约两亿 吨稻
33、米。 教材高考 1.Indeed, his slim but strong body is just like that of millions of Chinese farmers，to whom he has devoted his life. (2020天津卷)In the future，I will be a good doctor to heal the wounded and rescue the dying，devoting myself to my work. 2.However, whatconcernedhim most was that farmers often had
34、 poor harvests and sometimes even had a serious shortage of food to eat. (2019全国卷)What I want is not just an ordinary cafe but a very special one. (2019 浙 江 卷 )The loss of big trees was greatest in areas where trees had suffered the greatest water shortage. 3.One characteristic of hybrids is that th
35、ey usually attain a higher yield than conventional crops. (2020全国卷)She wondered if centuries of diving could have led to the evolution of physical characteristics that made the task easier for them. 4.Thecommonassumptionthen was that it could not be done. (2019江苏卷)A thoughtful official passed on som
36、e of the copies to the park authorities on the assumption that they might make a nice blowup for one of the visitors centers. 5.Throughintenseeffort ， Yuan overcameenormoustechnical (2020 全 国 卷 )When I come across the problems of learning in my study，my father 11 difficulties to develop the first hy
37、brid rice that could be used for farming in 1974. will listen to me patiently and encourage me to overcome the difficulties bravely. .单句语法填空 1Nowadays many students devote too much time to playing (play)computer games. 2This is the most convincing (convince)evidence that I can find. 3 Yuan Longping
38、searched for a way to increase rice harvests without expanding(expand)the area of the fields. 4They were to meet at a given(give)time and place. 5Shanghai food is rather oily, and Beijing food is salty(salt)and spicy. 6We thought he was serious but in reality(real)he was joking. 7People used to beli
39、eve that dirt generated(generate)disease. 8It is estimated(estimate)that not less than half a million people died in the famine. 9 That was the extreme southern limit attained(attain)by the courageous traveller. 10The recent heavy rains have helped to ease the water shortage(short). .短语填空 far from,
40、devote.to, be comprised of, depend on, deep down 1All these funds raised were devoted to the building of sports facilities and construction of stadiums. 2The group is comprised of two guitarists, a drummer, and a singer. 3We knew deep down that we could do it. 4Whether the game will be played depend
41、s on the weather. 5To be honest, your son is far from trust worthy. .课文语法填空 Yuan Longping is one of Chinas famous scientists, who is 1.known(know)as the “father of hybrid rice”He was born in 1930 in Beijing.Because he wanted to tackle 2.the problem of low yield, he 3.chose(choose)to study agricultur
42、e at college.After 12 graduation, he worked as a researcher and 4.was convinced(convince)that its possible to create hybrid rice.After hard work he succeeded in 5.developing(develop)the first hybrid rice in 1974.Because of his invaluable contributions, Yuan has received numerous 6.awards(award)both
43、in China and abroad.Although his hybrids have made him quite 7.wealthy(wealth), he cares little 8.for celebrity and money.Instead, he makes large donations 9.to support(support)agricultural research.Now Yuan still tries to fulfil his new dreams and everyone is waiting to see 10.what he will dream up next.
