1、Section Discovering Useful Structures (主语从句) 单句语法填空 (1)(教材 P50)However, what concerned him most was that farmers often had poor harvests and sometimes even had a serious shortage of food to eat. (2)(教材 P50)How this could be done was a challenging question at the time. (3)(教材 P50)However, whether it
2、was possible to develop a hybrid of self-pollinating plants such as rice was a matter of great debate. (4)(教材 P50)Today, it is estimated that about 60 percent of domestic rice consumption in China is comprised of crops generated from Yuans hybrid strains, and his strains have allowed Chinas farmers
3、to produce around 200 million tons of rice per year. (5)(教材 P51)What impresses people most about Yuan Longping is his ongoing ability to fulfil his dreams. 1.概念 在主从复合句中充当主语成分的从句叫作主语从句。 2.引导主语从句的连接词 (1)从属连词:that、whether。 (2)连接代词:who、whoever、whom、whose、what、whatever、which、whichever。 (3)连接副词:when、where
4、、how、why、whenever、wherever、however。 3.常规主语从句,即从句在主从复合句中充当主语成分 (1)连接词位于句首不能省略 That he finished writing the composition in such a short time surprised us all. 他在如此短的时间内写完作文使我们十分惊讶。 What caused the accident remains unknown. 事故的起因仍然是未知的。 (2)主语从句大多数情况下被视为第三人称单数 Whether we will go on an outing tomorrow re
5、mains unknown. 我们明天是否会外出仍然未知。 Who will be our monitor hasnt been decided yet. 还没有决定谁会成为我们的班长。 4.it 放在句首作形式主语,真正主语则置于句末 It is certain that he will win the match. 他一定会赢得这场比赛的。 It is true that he has made an important discovery in chemistry. 他确实在化学上做出了一项重大的发现。 It is very likely that they will hold a me
6、eting. 他们很有可能会举行一场会议。 It is strange that he should do that. 很奇怪他竟然做那件事。 It is important that we all should attend the meeting. 重要的是我们都应该参加会议。 5.that 从句作主语时,常用 it 作形式主语,常见的句型有: (1)It+be+形容词(obvious, true, natural, surprising, good, wonderful, funny, possible, likely, certain, probable, etc.)+that 从句。
7、 (2)It+be+名词词组(no wonder, an honor, a good thing, a pity, no surprise, etc.)+that 从句。 (3)It+be+过去分词(said, reported, thought, expected, decided, announced, arranged, etc.)+that 从句。 .单句填空 1.It is strange that the man should have stuck to his silly ideas. 2.It is a pity that we wont be able to go to th
8、e south to spend our summer vacation. 3.What caused the accident is still a mystery. 4.It is said that he has gone to Shanghai.(=He is said to have gone to Shanghai.) 5.It is known to all that gunpowder was first invented by the Chinese. .用主语从句翻译句子 1.你做的任何事都是正确的。 Whatever you did was right. 2.手表属于谁是
9、未知的。 Whom the watch belongs to is unknown. 3.我们需要的是时间。 What we need is time. 4.我们需要的是好的医生。 What we need are good doctors. 5.我们为谁而学习是个很重要的问题。 Whom we study for is an important question. .语法与主题写作 1.写作要点 根据本单元所学语法知识和主题知识补全句子。 In order to(为了) learn something about organic farming and experience the joy
10、of picking vegetables, we are going to hold an Organic Vegetable Picking activity this Sunday morning on Xixing Farm. There will be a guided tour of the farm to show(show) us how to plant organic vegetables. We will pick cucumbers, tomatoes and eggplants by ourselves(us). It is estimated that(据估计) t
11、he most exciting part is that we will cook the vegetables we pick in the kitchen offered by the farm. We have every reason to believe(believe) this will be an unforgettable experience, so come and join us! 2.串句成文 将以上句子连成一篇语言流畅、用词准确、逻辑严密的短文。 In order to learn something about organic farming and exper
12、ience the joy of picking vegetables, we are going to hold an Organic Vegetable Picking activity this Sunday morning on Xixing Farm. First of all, there will be a guided tour of the farm to show us how to plant organic vegetables. Then we will pick cucumbers, tomatoes and eggplants by ourselves. It i
13、s estimated that the most exciting part is that we will cook the vegetables we pick in the kitchen offered by the farm. We have every reason to believe this will be an unforgettable experience, so come and join us! Everybody is welcome! .根据汉语提示用适当的引导词填空 1.很可能他是这场游戏的胜利者。 It is likely that he is the w
14、inner of this game. 2.不清楚她为什么买这么多字典。 Why she bought so many dictionaries is not clear. =It is not clear why she bought so many dictionaries. 3.他考上了北京大学,这让他的老师和父母很高兴。 That he was admitted into Peking University made his teachers and parents happy. 4.很可惜你不能参加我的生日聚会。 Its a pity that you cant attend my
15、birthday party. 5.我们是否要建新高中还没决定呢。 Whether we will build a new high school hasnt been decided. 6.不管谁违法都应该受到惩罚。 Whoever breaks the law should be punished. 7.有必要立刻解决这个问题。 It is necessary that the problem (should) be solved at once. 8.他生于何时还未被确认。 When he was born is unknown. 9.可能是他偷了汽车。 It is possible t
16、hat he has stolen the car. 10.谁打破了玻璃现在还不知道。 Who has broken the glass is unknown. 11.他所要的东西都在这里。 What he wants is all here. 12.他是如何把它做出来的还是一个秘密。 How he worked it out is still a secret. 13.他们在这个工厂里所做的东西就是电视机。 What they makes in this factory is the TV set. 14.他们是否会支持我们还是一个问题。 Whether they would support
17、 us was still a problem. 15.你要哪个哪个就是你的。 Whichever you want is yours. .完成句子 1.(谁将去接他)Who will pick him up is not decided. 2.(哪个班级会赢得这场足球赛)Which class will win the football match is not clear. 3.(他能否买到飞机票)Whether he can buy the plane ticket doesnt matter much. 4.(我们将如何去那里)How we will go there is a que
18、stion. 5.(你刚才告诉我的)What you told me just now was really a surprise. 6.(他将什么时候出国)When he will go abroad is being discussed. 7.(他为什么哭)Why he cried was not clear. 8.It is clear that he is a beggar(他是一个乞丐). 9.(你要请谁)Who you will invite is not important. 10.(我们将在哪里举行篮球赛)Where we will hold the basketball ma
19、tch is not clear. .阅读理解 Vinegar is great. It makes salad, fries and dumplings taste better, and you can even clean your windows with it. And now, according to scientists, it may even help the planets population survive climate change. Researchers from the RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Scienc
20、e (CSRS) in Japan have found that growing plants in vinegar makes them more resistant to droughts. This could mean that in the future, worries about climate change affecting the worlds supply of food will be much lower. The discovery was made after the researchers studied the Arabidopsis, a plant kn
21、own for its ability to survive in dry weather. It was found that when the plant was placed in drought-like conditions, it produced a chemical called acetate(醋酸盐)the main component of vinegar. After discovering this, the scientists experimented further by adding acetate to the soil of other plants, a
22、nd they stopped giving them water completely. After leaving the plants for 14 days, they found that the ones treated with acetate had survived, while the untreated plants had dried up and died. Its hoped that this simple method of survival could soon be used to help farmers in dry countries keep the
23、ir crops alive. Jong Myong Kim, the co-author of the study, tells Popular Science magazine that hes already been in touch with people all over the world who are interested in trying this simple and cost-effective method out for themselves from flower growing companies to amateur gardeners. Although
24、at this point keeping thirsty plants alive isnt as easy as just pouring vinegar over them, Kim says he and his team are working on making the process as simple as possible. “Now we are trying to cooperate with some farmers, and also some companies, to make a method to apply this system,” he says. An
25、d for those of us who always forget to ask our neighbors to water our plants when we go away, hopefully this means the end of returning home from a trip to find our favorite flowers have died. 1.What is mentioned as a feature of the Arabidopsis? A.It produces acetate in wet conditions. B.It is mainl
26、y composed of acetate. C.It can survive in nowhere but desert. D.It can be tolerant of drought. 2.The scientists experimented further by adding acetate to the soil of other plants to. A.find a simple way of keeping the crops of farmers alive B.stop watering them C.check the effectiveness of the acet
27、ate to resist drought D.treat the dried-up plants 3.What is the authors attitude to the discovery? A.Objective.B.Unsupportive. C.Indifferent.D.Optimistic. 4.What does the text mainly tell the readers? A.Vinegar may end hunger. B.Vinegar keeps plants living forever. C.How to survive climate change. D
28、.Plants need water. 答案 语篇解读这是一篇说明文。科学家们通过研究发现醋酸盐能够提高植物的耐旱性。醋 里含有醋酸盐,这就意味着,在将来有可能用醋来解决干旱地区的种植问题,进而解决饥饿问 题。 1.D细节理解题。根据文章第三段中的“The discovery was made after the researchers studied the Arabidopsis, a plant known for its ability to survive in dry weather.”可知,这个发现是科学家 们在研究 Arabidopsis 之后得到的,这种植物因为能在干旱的气候
29、下生存而闻名,据此可 知,Arabidopsis 的最大特点是耐旱。故选 D项。 2.C推理判断题。根据文章第四段中的“After discovering this, the scientists experimented further by adding acetate to the soil of other plants, and they stopped giving them water completely. After leaving the plants for 14 days, they found that the ones treated with acetate ha
30、d survived, while the untreated plants had dried up and died.”可知,在这个发现之后,科学家们做了 更进一步的实验,他们给其他植物的泥土添加醋酸盐并停止浇水,14天之后他们发现添加醋 酸盐的土壤的植物还活着,然而没有添加醋酸盐的土壤的植物都干枯而死了;据此可知,做实 验的目的是检验醋酸盐耐旱性的效用。故选 C 项。 3.D推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“And for those of us who always forget to ask our neighbors to water our plants when we go awa
31、y, hopefully this means the end of returning home from a trip to find our favorite flowers have died.”可知,对于我们中那些经常出门却忘记让邻 居帮着给植物浇水的人来说,这种方法可能意味着可以终结回家看到植物已死的悲惨经历, 据此可以推知,作者对于这个发现的态度是很乐观的。故选 D 项。 4.A主旨大意题。通读全文可知,文章第一段中的“And now, according to scientists, it may even help the planets population survive
32、 climate change.”为本文主题句,结合全文内容可知,本 文主要说明醋能帮助作物在干旱环境中生存,有了耐旱的农作物,人类的生存问题也能得到 解决。故 A 项最能概括文意。 .七选五 You can relax if remembering everything is not your strength. Recent research shows that being forgetful can be a strengthin fact, selective memory can even be a sign of stronger intelligence. 1But looki
33、ng through years of recent memory data, researchers of the University of Toronto found that selective forgetting could be just as important to our decision-making as what our minds chose to remember. Making intelligent decisions does not mean you need to have all the information at hand.2 And that m
34、eans clearing up space in your memory palace for the most up-to-date information on clients and situations. Our brains do this by developing new neurons(神经元) which have the power to rewrite existing memories that are influencing our decision-making. If you want to increase the number of new neurons
35、in our brains learning region, try exercising.3 When we forget the names of certain clients and details about old jobs, our brain is making a choice that these details do not matter.4However, occasionally lost details can be a sign of a perfectly healthy memory system. The researchers found that our
36、 brains facilitated decision- making by stopping us from focusing too much on minor past details, thus helping us remember the most important points of a conversation. We can get criticized for being absent-minded when we forget past events in perfect details. These findings show us that we dont hav
37、e to worry.5 A.Too much forgetfulness can be a cause of concern. B.This makes it harder for you to make an intelligent decision. C.It just means you need to hold onto the most valuable information. D.Traditional research on memory has focused on the advantages of remembering everything. E.Scientists
38、 have proven that stronger and lasting memories can be achieved when a person relaxes. F.Our brains are working smarter when they aim to remember the right stories, not every story. G.Jogging, power walking, and swimming have been found to increase the number of neurons making important connections
39、in our brain. 1.2.3.4.5. 答案 语篇解读本文是一篇说明文。最新研究表明,健忘可能是个优点。事实上,选择性记忆甚 至可能表明智商更高。 1.D根据第二段第二句“But looking through years of recent memory data, researchers of the University of Toronto found that selective forgetting could be just as important to our decision- making as what our minds chose to remember.
40、”可知,但是,通过查阅最近几年的记忆数据,加拿 大多伦多大学的研究人员发现,就决策而言,选择性的遗忘同大脑选择牢记同等重要。据此 可以推断,前一句应该说的是“好记性的重要性”。选项 D“有关记忆的传统研究一直专注于 牢记一切的优势。”符合语境。 2.C根据第三段第一句“Making intelligent decisions does not mean you need to have all the information at hand.”可知,理性决策并不意味着你需要手头上掌握所有信息。根据第三段第 三句“And that means clearing up space in your
41、memory palace for the most up-to-date information on clients and situations.”可知,那意味着要在你的记忆宫殿中为最新的客户和情 景信息清理出空间。据此可以推断,理性决策并不意味着你需要掌握所有信息,而只需关注 最有价值的信息。选项 C“它仅仅意味着你需要保留最有价值的信息。”符合语境。 3.G根据第三段第五句“If you want to increase the number of new neurons in our brains learning region, try exercising.”可知,如果你想增加
42、我们的大脑学习区域的新神经元数量,可以 尝试锻炼。据此可以推断,下一句应该会说如何锻炼。选项 G“慢跑、健步行走和游泳被发 现可以增加大脑内部产生重要连接的神经元数量。”符合语境。 4.A根据第四段第三句“However, occasionally lost details can be a sign of a perfectly healthy memory system.”可知,但是偶尔忘记细节可能表明记忆系统非常健康。据此可以推断,前一 句句意和关键句之间存在转折关系。选项 A“严重健忘可能是担忧的原因。”符合上下文语 境。 5.F根据尾段第一、二句“We can get critici
43、zed for being absent-minded when we forget past events in perfect details. These findings show us that we dont have to worry.”可知,如果我们忘 记了过去事情的确切细节,可能会受到批评,说我们心不在焉。这些研究结果表明我们没必 要担心。据此可知,这一段说的是遗忘并非坏事。选项 F“当我们的大脑力求记住该记住的 故事,而不是所有故事时,它们可以更智能地工作,它们可以更智能地工作。”符合语境,也点 明主题。 .完形填空 Around Thanksgiving, I flew
44、to visit my family. A woman across the aisle1to push her suitcase into the tight overhead bin. When we landed, she was pulling, but the suitcase didnt 2. I asked if I could help,3she replied, “Itll come. I got it in, and there has to be a way to get it out.” Her calmness and confidence4me, striking
45、me as a recipe for cultivating resilience(抗 逆力) in life. Resilience is the ability to5challenging circumstances, refocus and find ways back into a positive life. The womans reaction to her stuck luggage was a beautiful example of cultivating resilience:6seeing crises as unsolvable problems. The7situ
46、ation might not be a “crisis”, but you know how crowded a plane aisle can be when everyone is trying to get off the plane. The woman kept herself8by recognizing that her problem had a solution. The9reminded me of something that happened to me this past fall, when I took a solitary hike along a rocky
47、 ocean path. I was enjoying myself in the fresh air, feeling10as I picked my way from rock to rock and congratulated myself when I reached the end of the dock. Then I turned around and saw how far I had traveled;I felt myself11nervous self-doubt. What if I got tripped and twisted my ankle? I took a
48、deep breath and, like the woman on the plane, realized with belief that I could certainly make it12. When I finally stepped back onto the shore, I not only felt relieved, but also was confident and accomplished. When13plant seeds of “I cant” in your mind, maybe youll remember the woman on the plane.
49、14life has brought you, consider that there is a way to come back to yourself. You have the power of resilience within you whenever you15it. 1.A.pretendedB.refused C.beggedD.struggled 2.A.fuelB.stopC.moveD.open 3.A.orB.so C.forD.but 4.A.interruptedB.inspired C.controlledD.confirmed 5.A.rely onB.give
50、 up C.toy withD.adapt to 6.A.mindB.avoid C.enjoyD.favour 7.A.seatB.memory C.luggageD.breath 8.A.coolB.guilty C.anxiousD.urged 9.A.consequenceB.moment C.patienceD.topic 10.A.strongB.breathless C.sensitiveD.responsible 11.A.slipping intoB.using up C.growing upD.looking into 12.A.upB.out C.awayD.back 1
