1、1 阅读教材 P5556课文，选择最佳答案。 1Why did farmers welcome artificial fertilisers at first? ABecause they could not harm the land. BBecause they could increase production. CBecause they were in widespread use. DBecause they benefited peoples health. 2What can we learn about crops grown with chemical fertiliser
2、s? AThey are rich in nutrition. BThey are rich in essential minerals. CThey are very tasty and nutritious. DThey look beautiful on the outside. 3How do organic farmers keep their soil rich? ABy using natural waste. BBy using chemicals. CBy using minerals. DBy using fresh water. 答案13BDA Words and Phr
3、ases 知识要点 1 deal with 处理；对付；安排；对待； 与打交道；涉及 (教材 P52)To deal with this crisis, he chose to study agriculture. 为了应对这一危机，他选择了学习农业。 知识拓展 deal with 中的 deal 为不及物动词，常与疑问词 how 连用，表示“怎么处理/ 对待”； 同义短语为 do with， 其中的 do 为及物动词， 表示“怎么处理/对待”时， 与疑问词 what 连用。 2 例 1In the process, the children learn to deal with diffic
4、ulties. 在这个过程中，孩子们学会了应对困难。 例 2His article deals with many issues we are greatly concerned about. 他的文章涉及许多我们非常关心的问题。 例 3The lady is hard to deal with. 这个妇人很难对付。 即学即练完成句子/一句多译 (谚)以其人之道，还治其人之身。 Deal with a man as he deals with you. 我不知道他们将如何处理这个问题。 I dont know how they will deal with the problem. I don
5、t know what they will do with the problem. 知识要点 2 poverty n贫穷；贫困 (教材 P54)It is celebrated in more than 150 countries, raising awareness and knowledge of the problems and causes behind world hunger and poverty. 它在 150 多个国家举行庆祝活动， 提高人们对世界饥饿和贫困背后的问题和 原因的认识和了解。 例 1The article shows a poverty of imaginat
6、ion. 这篇文章显得缺乏想象力。 例 2She has a deep understanding of social issues such as literacy，poverty and child care. 她对扫盲、贫穷和儿童保育等社会问题都有深切的认识。 知识拓展 (1)in poverty处于贫穷之中 a poverty of缺乏 below/above the poverty line在贫困线之下/之上 (2)poor adj.贫穷的；贫困的 即学即练单句语法填空/完成句子 He was rich, but is now reduced to poverty(poor). Th
7、e poor man in poverty sleeps on the floor at the doorway. 3 三分之一的人口生活在贫困线或以下。 Athird of the population is living at or below the poverty line 知识要点 3 in turn 相应地；转而；依次；轮流 (教材 P55)This affects the crops grown on the land and, in turn, the animals and humans who digest them. 这影响了生长在土地上的作物，进而影响消化它们的动物和人
8、类。 例 1The girls took it in turn to wipe down the tables after meals. 女孩子们饭后轮流擦桌子。 例 2Theory is based on practice and in turn serves practice. 实践是理论的基础，反过来理论又为实践服务。 知识拓展 in ones turn轮到某人；接着 by turns轮流；依次 take turns doing/to do.轮流做 Its ones turn to do sth.轮到某人干某事 即学即练单句语法填空/完成句子 It is my turn to clean
9、(clean)the classroom this week. The girls called out their names in turn. They took turns(turn)to care about their parents. 当轮到我时，我激动得都说不出话来了。 When it is in my turn, I am too excited to speak. 他们依次回答了老师的问题。 They answered the teachers questions in turn 知识要点 4 alternative n可供选择的事物 adj.可供替代的；非传统的 (教材 P
10、55)As an alternative, some farmers have switched to organic farming, and many customers have turned to organic food when they shop at the local grocery. 作为一种选择，一些农民转向有机农业，许多顾客在当地杂货店购物时转向 有机食品。 例 1We returned by the alternative road. 我们从另一条路回来的。 4 例 2This kind of newspaper is alternative press. 这种报纸是
11、非传统性报刊。 知识拓展 (1)have no alternative/choice but to do sth. 别无选择只好做某事 have the alternative of doing sth. 有做的选择，可以做 theres no alternative.but to do sth. 别无选择只好做某事 an alternative to.的替代品 (2)alternatively adv.可供选择地 即学即练单句语法填空/完成句子 I had no alternative but to accept(accept)the offer. Ifyoudontliketheschoo
12、llunch,youhavethe alternativeof bringing(bring)your own. We could walk or alternatively(alternative)we could go in Teds car. 除了当俘虏之外，唯一的选择就是奋战至死了。 The only alternative to being taken prisoner was to die fighting. 名师点津 “别无选择只好做”的其他表达形式还有： have no choice but to do sth.； cant do sth.but do sth.；can do
13、nothing but do sth.等。在这些结构中若 but 之前出 现实义动词 do 的某种形式，but 之后要用省略 to 的不定式，否则，but 之后的 to 不能省略。 知识要点 5 depth n向下(或向里)的距离；深(度) (教材 P56)Organic farmers also plant diverse crops that use different depths of soil to help keep it rich. 有机种植的农民也种植不同的农作物，利用不同深度的土壤来保持土壤肥 沃。 例 1The old man disappeared into the de
14、pths of the house. 老人消失在住宅深处。 5 例 2I have expressed the depth of my gratitude to him. 我向他表示了深切的谢意。 知识拓展 in depth全面；深入；详细 from the depth of the mind从心底里；真心地 at a depth of.在的深度 in the depths of在正中；在深处 即学即练单句语法填空/完成句子 Plant the beans at a depth of about six inches. This is a new subject and needs to be
15、 explored in depth. When her son got injured and disabled in the accident, she was in the depths of despair. 不能期望较年轻的学生有深刻的理解能力。 Younger students cannot be expected to have great depth of understanding 小片段填空 She belongs to herself.Nobody can measure the depth of her heart, deep as sea. 她属于自己，没有人能测出她
16、心有多深，深似大海。 名师点津 adj.deephighwidelong n.depthheightwidthlength vdeepenheightenwidenlengthen Sentence Patterns 重点句式 1 not only.but also.句型 ( 教 材 P55)For example, pesticides can damage the land by killing not only harmful bacteria and insects, but also helpful ones. 例如，杀虫剂不仅可以杀死有害的细菌和昆虫，还可以杀死有益的昆虫，从 而破
17、坏土地。 句式分析：句中 not only.but also.“不仅而且”用作并列连词， 相当于“not just .but also.”。 例 1Shakespeare was not only a writer but (also)an actor. 6 莎士比亚不仅是一位剧作家，而且是一位演员。 例 2Light and bright colors make people not only happier but more active. 浅色和鲜艳的颜色不但使人看了高兴，也会使人更加活泼。 知识拓展 (1)该结构常用来连接并列成分，如两个主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、 状语或句子，在意
18、义上强调后者，其中 also 可以省略。 (2)“not only.but also.”连接主语时， 谓语动词的数遵循就近原则； 当 not only 位于句首连接两个句子时，第一个分句要用部分倒装，第二个分句不倒装。 即学即练完成句子 他们不仅闯进了他的办公室，而且撕碎了他的文件。 They not only broke into his office but (also)tore up his papers. 不仅是你而且还有他从火中救出了那些男孩。 Not only you but (also) he has saved the boys from the fire. 不仅学生，而且他们
19、的老师也喜欢踢足球。 Not just the students but also their teacher likes playing football 他不仅能准确地说英语，而且说得很流利。 Not only can he speak English correctly but he also speaks it fluently. 英国人和美国人不但语言相同，而且有很多相同的风俗习惯。 The Americans and the British not only speak the same language but also share a large number of socia
20、l customs. 重点句式 2 too.to.句型 (教材 P55)As for chemical fertilisers, crops grown with them usually grow too fast to be rich in nutrition. 至于化肥，用它们种植的作物通常生长得太快，而不含丰富的营养。 句式分析：too.to.意为“太而不能”，表示否定含义。 例 1He is too shy to speak to her. 他太害羞，不敢同她讲话。 例 2Its too cheap to be good. 这东西太便宜，好不了(即便宜无好货)。 知识拓展 7 (1)
21、tooadj.(情感、 心情或倾向等主语态度的词， 常见的有 anxious, eager, glad, happy, pleased, ready, willing, etc.)to do sth.(表示肯定意义)非常/很做某事 (2)not/never too.to do sth.并不太做某事 (3)only too.to do sth.非常做某事 (4)cant/can never.to.再也不过分 即学即练完成句子/句型转换 你做家庭作业时再怎样仔细也不过分。 You cant be too careful to do your homework 活到老，学到老。 Never too
22、old to learn 他总是乐于助人。 He is too ready to help others 他太小，还分不清是非。 He is too young to know right from wrong. She was so excited that she couldnt say a word when she heard the news. She was too excited to say a word when she heard the news. 重点句式 3 there be 句型 (教材 P56)Therefore，there is still a long way
23、 to find a suitable solution that puts sufficient food on the dinner table. 因此，要找到一个合适的解决方案，使人们的餐桌上有足够的食物，还有很 长的路要走 句式分析：there be 句型，表示“某处有(存在)某人或某物”。 例 1There is an eraser and two pens on the desk. 桌子上有一块橡皮和两支钢笔。 例 2There have been lots of accidents near the crossing. 在这个十字路口附近，发生了很多事故。 知识拓展 (1)the
24、re be 句型最简单的结构为：There be(is，are，was, were )名词地点 状语。 (2)在 There be 引导的句子中， 谓语动词 be 的人称和数应该和它后面的主 8 语(名词)保持一致， 当有两个或两个以上的名词作并列主语时， be 的形式则和 第一个名词保持一致(就近原则)。 (3)there be 句型中的 be 可以用表示“存在”的动词，如 live, exist, lie, stand, seem, rise, remain, happen, come, go 等替代。 句型结构为： there存在类动词主 语。 即学即练完成句子 曾经有一个年轻人，他梦想
25、一夜暴富。 There lived a young man who desired to be rich overnight. 我们教室前有一棵老松树。 There stands an old pine tree in front of our classroom. 此事似乎出了问题。 There seems to be something wrong with it. 河里有几个孩子在游泳。 There are several children swimming in the river. 词语猜测题 词语猜测题主要考查考生猜测文章中某个生词、短语或词块的含义，或考查 该词(块)能被哪个单词
26、、短语或词块代替。此外，也会涉及某一个熟词在不同语 境中的不同含义。 例文 But this summer I find myself at a loss.Im not quite interested in Balzac, say, or “TristramShandy.”TheresalwaysWarandPeace, which Ive covered some distance several times ，only to get bogged down in the “War”part, set it aside for a while ，andrealizethat I have
27、to start over from the beginning again，having forgotten veryones e name and social rank .How appealing to simply fall back on a favoriteonce more into “The Waves” or “Justine， ”which feels almost like cheating, too exciting and too much fun to properly belong in serious literature. What do the under
28、lined words “get bogged down” in Paragraph 2 mean? AGet confused.BBe carried away. 9 CBe interrupted.DMake no progress. 解题关键 词语猜测主要是从“已知”得出“未知”，即利用上下文的已知部分(尤其 是该词语前后的内容)进行推理。有时还需要依靠常识和经验来猜测。 解题思路 Step 1：快速查找与猜测相关的信息句 (中句) Step 2：详读作者在读“战争”部分时几次合上书，把书放一边，之后 不得不再次从头开始阅读。 Step 3：尝试解答由信息句可判断出，句中画线的“get
29、bogged down”指 的是陷入困境，停滞不前，没有进展。与 make no progress 同义，故选 D。 针对性练习 (一) Education takes time.We could insist that everyone study fulltime until the age of 45 but that would surely be too much.And perhaps half the population studying until theyre 21 is also too much.As for universities, they consume fin
30、ancial and intellectual resourcesperhaps those resources might be better spent elsewhere. Whats the meaning of the underlined word “consume”？ AUse.BProvide. CDelight.DRaise. A上文说凡事都有代价，再结合画线词后的“financial and intellectual resources”可知，大学占用大量财政和智力资源，由此可知画线词词义为“占用、 使用”，故 A 项正确。 (二) But a year ago when
31、my relationship with my wife and career took a hit, I needed my dad to pull back the curtain so I could see him as real and accessible.I was facing serious problems, and I wanted to know whether he had faced them before and how he had found his way, because I felt like I had lost mine.In desperation
32、, it occurred to me that sending an email might be the key, so I wrote him one, telling him about my regrets and fears, and I asked him to answer, if he felt like it. The underlined part can be best replaced by _ Adraw the curtain 10 Bbecome more optimistic Cshow his true self Dclear the misundersta
33、nding C根据“But a year ago when my relationship with my wife and career took a hit, I needed my dad to pull back the curtain so I could see him as real and accessible(但一年前，当我与妻子的关系和事业受到打击时，我需要父亲拉开帷 幕， 让我看到他是真实的、 平易近人的)”可推知， 需要父亲拉开帷幕则意为“展 示真实的自己”。故 C 选项正确。 (三) The global figures reveal that even the Am
34、ericans put Britain to shame when it comes to taking exercise.Britain has one of the most sedentary populations on the earth, with almost twice the proportion of people defined as “inactive”as in neighboring France.In the UK, 63.3 percent of the population fails to meet recommended levels of physica
35、l activity, increasing their risk of conditions such as heart disease, diabetes and cancer.By contrast, 40.5 percent of US citizens are inactive, despite more than 30 percent of them being obese. Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined word “sedentary”？ AProud.BInactive. CSilent.DEnergetic. B 根 据 下 半 句 “with almost twice the proportion of people defined as inactiveas in neighboring France.(几乎是邻国法国被定义为“不活跃”的人口 比例的两倍)”可知，英国是拥有地球上最不活跃的人口的国家之一。故划线词 sedentary 与 inactive 最接近。故 B 选项正确。
