1、1 1threat n威胁threaten vt.威胁；危及 2hunt v打猎；搜寻；追捕 hunter n猎人 3rate n速度；(比)率 vt.划分等级rating n等级；级别 4extinct adj.已灭绝的extinction n灭绝 5press vt.压；按pressure n压力；要求 6concern n担心；关心 vt.让担忧；涉及concerned adj.担心的；关 切的 7legal adj.法律的；合法的illegal adj.不合法的；非法的illegally adv. 不合法地；非法地 8alarm vt.使害怕；使惊恐；使担心 n警报；恐慌；警报器ala
2、rming adj. 惊人的；使人惊恐的alarmed adj.担心的；害怕的 9intend vi.& vt.打算；计划；想要intention n打算；目的 10exist vi.存在；生存existence n存在；生存 1rate n速度；(比)率 vt.划分等级；评价；评估 Most people walk at an average rate of 5kilometres an hour.n.速度 The birth rate of that country is reducing.n.(比)率 China and India are rated as the most attra
3、ctive markets now.v.评价，看作 2reserve n(动植物)保护区；储藏(量)vt.预订；预留；保留 These seats are reserved for the elderly and women with babies.vt.预留 Id like to reserve a table for three for eight oclock.vt.预订 We set up a wildlife reserve to protect endangered elephants.n.保护区 WordsAnd Phrases 知识要点 1 (教材 P14)Our planet
4、 s species is dying out at an alarming rate. 我们星球的物种正在以惊人的速度消亡。 2 (1)die out 灭绝；逐渐消失；逐渐熄灭 例 1With society developing，many old customs are dying out. 随着社会的发展，许多古老的风俗在逐渐消失。 例 2With the living environment becoming worse and worse，many of the earths species are dying out. 随着生存环境变得越来越糟，地球上的很多物种正在消失。 造句一旦
5、大火熄灭，救援队就会马上进入。 Once the fire has died out，the rescue team will move in immediately. 知识拓展 die away逐渐减弱，逐渐模糊，逐渐消失 die down逐渐降低，逐渐平息 die off相继死去 die of死于(内因) die from死于(外因) die for为而死 即学即练 用 die 的相关短语填空 His footsteps died away in the darkness. The excitement died down as time went by. It used to be co
6、nsidered part of a young mans duty to die for his country. Because of the snowstorm，the sheep that the old man raised died off one by one. (2)alarming adj.惊人的；使人惊恐的 例 1It is true that the earths resources are running out at an alarming rate， so we should make good use of them. 的确，地球资源正以惊人的速度耗尽，所以我们应
7、该好好利用它们。 例 2This idea seems to become less alarming. 这个想法似乎就变得不那么可怕了。 造句人口正以惊人的速度下降。 The population is dropping at an alarming rate. 3 知识拓展 (1)alarmvt.使惊恐；使害怕；使担心 n.警报；恐慌 in alarm惊恐地 (2)alarmed adj.惊恐的；忧虑的 be alarmed at/by.对大为惊慌 be alarmed to do.做感到恐慌 即学即练 单句语法填空 Everybody is alarmed(alarm)at the ne
8、ws that war might break out. He jumped up in alarm，crying loudly. I have only heard a less alarming(alarm)story than you have heard. I raised the alarm as soon as I saw the smoke. 小片段填空 We were alarmed at the alarming scream as the scream did alarm us. 我们被那令人惊恐的尖叫声吓了一跳，因为那叫声的确使我们感到惊恐。 知识要点 2 aware o
9、f 意识到；知道 (教材 P14)We must make people aware of the problem and helpthe endangered wildlife before its too late！我们必须让人们意识到这个问题，并及时 帮助濒危野生动物！ 例 1In conclusion，people around the world should be well aware of the real situation of water shortage. 总之，全世界的人们都应该清楚地知道水资源短缺的真实情况。 例 2The failure made me aware
10、of my own shortcomings.这次失败使我意 识到了我自己的缺点。 造句每个人都意识到了污染的严重性。 Everybody is aware of the seriousness of pollution. 知识拓展 (1)be/become aware of.对知道；明白；意识到 be/become aware that.知道/体会到 4 as/so far as I am aware据我所知 make sb.aware of.使某人意识到 (2)awareness n.意识；认识 develop an awareness of.形成的意识 raise awareness提高
11、意识 即学即练 单句语法填空/一句多译 She was fully aware of my thoughts. At first I wasnt aware that he was ill. We should raise our awareness(aware)of the protection of the earth. 她还没意识到她做错了。 She was not aware of having done wrong She was not aware that she had done wrong She was not aware of what she had done was
12、wrong 名师点津 (1)aware 后跟名词性从句时，一般从句前不能用 of，但在 what 从句前必须 用 of。 (2)修饰 aware 可用 well，much，very much，fully，但不用 very。 (3)be aware 后一般不接不定式。 知识要点 3 average adj.平均的；正常的；普通的 n平均水平；平均数 (教材 P14)How many elephants are killed on average every day？平均每天有多 少头大象被杀？ 例 1He is working hard and his grades are above the
13、average in his class. 他学习刻苦，成绩在班里高于平均水平。 例 2The average of 3，8 and 10 is 7. 3，8，10 的平均数为 7。 造句每个班平均有 10 名学生未通过考试。 An average of ten students havent passed the exam in each class. 5 知识拓展 (1)on (the)average平均来看 above (the)average高于平均水平 below (the)average低于平均水平 (2)an average of.平均有(后跟数词) the average of
14、.的平均数 即学即练 单句语法填空/完成句子 At present a public bicycle is rented and returned four times a day on average. The boats remain at sea for an average of ten days at a time. The temperature now is below average 此时的气温低于平均水平。 知识要点 4 concerned about 对关切的；为担忧的 (教材 P15)Im concerned about theAfrican elephants. 我很担
15、心非洲大象。 例 1She is concerned about/for her sons future. 她担忧她儿子的未来。 例 2You will tell your friend that you are concerned about him and you will meet after class and talk then. 你会告诉你的朋友你很关心他，下课后你们会见面交谈。 造句我们都担心她的安全。 We are all concerned about her safety. 知识拓展 (1)concern vt.(使)担忧；涉及；关系到 n.担心；关注；(利害)关系 sho
16、w concern for关心 (2)concerned adj.担心的；关注的 as/so far as.be concerned关于；至于；就而言 be concerned with sth.牵涉到；与有关 6 (3)concerning prep.关于 即学即练 单句语法填空 As far as Im concerned(concern)，I totally disagree with your opinion. He asked several questions concerning(concern)the future of the company. Nowadays people
17、 are more concerned(concern)about the environment where they live. 小片段填空 The story concerns the princes efforts to rescue Pamina.He was concerned that she might miss the turning and get lost.All the difficulties concerning Pamina were solved by the prince.这故事讲的是王子奋力解救帕米娜。他担心她可能会错过转 弯的地方而迷路。所有与帕米娜有关的
18、难事都由王子解决。 知识要点 5 adapt vi.适应vt.使适应；使适合；改编 (教材 P15)Elephants need large living spaces，so its difficult for them to adapt to the changes. 大象需要很大的生存空间，所以它们很难适应变化。 例 1Not only has she adapted (herself)to the fast rhythm of city life， but she is becoming more and more outgoing.她不仅已经适应了快节奏的城市生活，而且 变得越来越开朗
19、。 例 2After graduation from college，I gradually adapted myself to living on my own. 大学毕业后，我逐渐适应了独立生活。 造句据说这部新影片是根据一本小说改编的。 This new film is said to be adapted from a novel. 知识拓展 (1)adapt to适合，适应 adapt oneself to使自己适应 adapt.to.使适应 adapt.for.将改编为 adapt sth. from sth.根据改编 7 (2)adaptable adj.能适应的；可修改的 (3
20、)adaptation n.改编本；适应 名师点津 adapt (oneself)to 中的 to 为介词，其后跟名词、代词或动名词作宾语。 即学即练 单句语法填空/完成句子 He will be adaptable(adapt)to the new job. They have had to adapt themselves to a war economy. Do you think the film adaptation(adapt)was faithful to the book? The children are finding it hard to adapt to their n
21、ew surroundings. 孩子发觉很难适应新环境。 知识要点 6 measure n措施；方法 vt.测量；度量；估量 (教材 P15)What measures are being taken to help them? 正在采取什么措施来帮助它们呢？ 例 1The room measures 10 metres across. 这个房间宽十米。 例 2Education shouldnt be measured purely by examination results. 教育不应该仅仅用考试结果来衡量。 造句你们应该采取有效措施来改善你们的工作环境。 You should tak
22、e effective measures to improve your working conditions 知识拓展 (1)take measures/steps to do sth.采取措施做某事 made to measure量身定制的 (2)measure sth. by sth.用某物来衡量某物 名师点津 measure 表示“量度为”时，是系动词，后跟测量结果，不用于被动语态及 进行时。类似用法的单词还有 weigh。 即学即练 单句语法填空 8 Obviously，it is high time that we took some measures(measure)to sol
23、ve the problem. It can not be measured(measure)in terms of money. The government has promised to take measures to help(help)the unemployed. The house is more than twenty meters long and measures(measure)six meters in width. 小片段填空 Think about measures of measuring the weight of the elephant. 思考测量大象重量
24、的办法。 知识要点 7 observe vt.观察到；注视；看到；注意到；遵守(规则、法律等)； 庆祝 (教材 P16)This is why were hereto observe Tibetan antelopes.这就是我们来 这里的原因观察藏羚羊。 例 1As a middle school student，he should observe the school rules and traffic regulations. 作为一个中学生，他应该遵守校规和交通规则。 例 2I observed that several students were asleep in class. 我
25、注意到有几个学生在课堂上睡着了。 造句全世界的中国人都庆祝春节。 Chinese all over the world observe the Spring Festival. 知识拓展 (1)observe sb. do sth.观察到某人做了某事 observe sb. doing sth.观察到某人正在做某事 observethat 从句发现 (2)observation n.观察，观测 名师点津 表示“注意到，看到”，后面接复合宾语，其中用动词不定式和 v.ing 形式 作宾语补足语，但动词不定式作宾语补足语时，要省略动词不定式符号 to，强调 动作发生的全过程，但用于被动语态时，不定
26、式符号 to 不可省略；v.ing 形式作 宾语补足语时，强调动作正在进行。 9 即学即练 单句语法填空 He observed(observe)that the house seemed to be too small. She observed a man walking(walk)on the opposite side of the road then. He was observed to leave(leave)the room. Careful observation(observe)suggests that this is not the case. 小片段填空 When w
27、e attend the parade to observe the National Day，we must observe the traffic regulations.If we observe someone run a red light，we should stop him. 当我们参加游行庆祝国庆节的时候，我们必须遵守交通规则。如果我们看到 有人闯红灯，我们就要阻止他。 知识要点 8 remind vt.提醒；使想起 (教材 P16)Im also reminded of the danger they are in. 我也意识到了它们所处的危险。 例 1I dont want
28、 them to remind me of her. 我不想因它们而想起她来。 例 2Reminded not to drive after drinking，some drivers are still trying their luck，which is really dangerous. 尽管被提醒不要酒后驾车，一些司机仍然心存侥幸，这十分危险。 造句这些老照片使我想起了我在农村度过的那些日子。 These old photos reminded me of the days I spent in the countryside. 知识拓展 remind sb. of sth.提醒某人某
29、事；使某人想起某事 remind sb. to do sth.提醒某人做某事 remind sb. that.使某人想起；提醒某人 即学即练 单句语法填空 Mary，I have reminded John of his promise to help you. Michael put up a picture of Yao Ming beside the bed to keep himself reminded(remind)of his own dream. 10 We put up a board to remind people to protect(protect)the trees
30、. I have to remind myself that I have traveled to the yearAD 3005. 知识要点 9 intend v计划；打算；想要 (教材 P16)The government，however，does not intend to stop the protection programmes，since the threats to the Tibetan antelope have not yet disappeared.然而， 政府并没有打算停止这些保护项目，因为对藏羚羊的威胁依然存在。 例 1The meeting is intended
31、 to deal with some important problems.开这个 会的目的是想解决一些重要问题。 例 2I had intended to watch the game，but I had something more important to do. I intended to have watched the game，but I had something more important to do. 我本打算看这场比赛，但是有更重要的事要做。 造句女朋友和我打算明年结婚。 My girlfriend and I intend to get married next ye
32、ar. 知识拓展 (1)intend doing/to do sth.打算做某事 intend sb. to do sth.打算让某人做某事 (2)be intended to do.为了做 be intended for.专门为而设计的； 专供使用的 (3)had intended to do sth.intended to have done sth. 本打算做某事(但没有做) (4)intention n.打算；计划 have intention of doing.打算做 即学即练 单句语法填空/完成句子 I didnt intend him to identify(identify)t
33、he thief. This book is intended(intend)for the general readers rather than the students. I have no intention(intend)of going to the wedding. 11 The water is not intended for drinking. 这是非饮用水。 I intend you to take over the business. 我打算让你来接管生意。 Sentence Patterns 重点句式 1 This is why.“这就是的原因”。 (教材 P16)T
34、his is why we re hereto observe Tibetan antelopes. 这就是我们来这里的原因观察藏羚羊。 句式分析 This is why.这就是的原因。此处 why 引导表语从句。 例 1Tom was ill.That was why he came late for the meeting. 汤姆病了。那就是他开会迟到的原因。 例 2Ive got a cold，that is why I wouldnt like to have a meal. 我感冒了，那就是我不想吃饭的原因。 造句这就是为什么我写信要求做一名志愿者。 This is why I am
35、 writing this letter asking to be a volunteer. 知识拓展 (1)That/This is/was why. 这就是为什么(why 从句表示结果) (2)That/This is/was because. 这是因为(because 从句表示原因) (3)The reason why.is/was that. 的原因是(表语从句常用 that 引导，而不用 because) 即学即练 完成句子 The reason why he wasnt admitted into a key university was that his grades were
36、too low 他没有被重点大学录取的原因是他的分数太低。 You have made great progress in English.This is because you have improved your studying methods. 12 你在英语方面取得了很大的进步，这是因为你改善了学习方法。 He fell from a tall tree.That was why he hurt his leg他从一棵高树上摔下来 了，那就是为什么他弄伤了腿。 Tom came late for the meeting.That was because he was ill 汤姆开会
37、迟到了。那是因为他病了。 The reason why Tom came late for the meeting was that he was ill 汤姆开会迟到的原因是他病了。 重点句式 2 only 修饰状语位于句首，用部分倒装。 (教材 P16)Only when we learn to exist in harmony with nature can we stop being a threat to wildlife and to our planet. 只有学会和大自然和谐共处，我们才不会成为野生生物和地球的威胁。 句式分析 only 修饰状语从句放在句首时主句须部分倒装。
38、例 1Only in this way can you work out the problem. 只有这样，你才能算出这道题来。 例 2Only if he gets a job can he have enough money to continue his studies at college. 他只有找到工作才能有足够的钱继续大学的学业。 造句只有到那时我才意识到我做错了。 Only then did I realize that I had done wrong. 知识拓展 only 修饰副词、介词短语或状语从句置于句首时，主句要用部分倒装，即把 句子谓语中的助动词、情态动词或系动词
39、 be 放在主语之前。 名师点津 若 only 修饰主语，即使在句首也不倒装。 即学即练 完成句子 Only in this way can young people learn how to observe excellent traditions. 只有这样年轻人才能学会如何遵守优良的传统。 Only when he returned home was he aware of what had happened. 13 当他回到家里时，才知道出了什么事。 Only by practising papercutting more can you learn the folk art. 只有通
40、过多练习剪纸，你才能掌握这门民间艺术。 Only when I left my parents for Italy did I realize how much I loved them. 只有当我离开父母去意大利时我才意识到我多么爱他们。 1 (教材 P16)Watching them move slowly across the green grass， I was struck by their beauty. 分析：本句是一个简单句。watching them move slowly across the green grass 在句中作状语。 译文：看着它们慢慢地穿过绿色的草地，我被
41、它们的美丽所打动。 2(教材 P16)The government，however，does not intend to stop the protection programmes，since the threats to the Tibetan antelope have not yet disappeared. 分析本句是一个主从复合句，since 引导的是一个原因状语从句。 译文然而，政府并没有打算停止这些保护项目，因为对藏羚羊的威胁依 然存在。 3(教材 P16)Only when we learn to exist in harmony with nature can we sto
42、p being a threat to wildlife and to our planet. 分析本句是一个主从复合句，when we learn to exist in harmony with nature 为时间状语从句，因前面有 only 修饰，故主句要用部分倒装。 译文只有学会和大自然和谐共处，我们才不会成为野生生物和地球的威 胁。 教材高考 1.Im concerned about the African elephants. (2019 北 京 卷 )I voiced my biggest concern to my mother， “How will I make frien
43、ds？” 2.Im also reminded of the danger they are in. (2019北京卷)However，her dad reminded her that sugary treats were bad for her teeth. 3.What measures are being taken to help them？ (2019 全 国 卷 )This smart keyboard precisely measures the cadence(节奏)with which one types and 14 the pressure fingers apply
44、to each key. 4.Only when we learn to existinharmonywith nature can we stop being a threat to wildlife and to our planet. (2019北京卷)A lot of business is still done over the phone，and much of it is based on trust and existing relationships. 5.This is why were here toobserveTibetan antelopes. (2019 天 津
45、卷 )We canobservethatartificial intelligence has already made an impact on our lives in many ways. .单句语法填空 1Its obvious that the products are below the average quality. 2I intend buying/to buy(buy)this kind of clothes because they wash well. 3The first thing I became aware of was all the vivid colour
46、s surrounding me. 4 When you go to a new country， you must adapt yourself(your)to new manners and customs. 5Its an ideal place to relax and escape the pressure(press)of modern life. 6Tom was observed to steal(steal)from the shop. 7There has been an alarming(alarm)increase in crime(犯罪)in the past few
47、 years. 8He reminded me to lock(lock)up the house when I went out. 9Wehopethegovernmentwilltakeeffectivemeasuresto reduce(reduce)pollution. 10I have been told that these seats are reserved(reserve)for teachers. .短语填空 on the earth；die out；aware of；on average；make progress；concerned about； adapt to；un
48、der pressure；make out；watch over 1He wanted to be the fastest man on the earth 2You can make progress only if you are modest(谦虚的). 3The only thing I am concerned about is his fitness. 4We could hardly make out anything in the thick fog. 15 5Many species will soon die out if we dont take action. 6Smo
49、kers are well aware of the dangers to their own health. 7It takes on average two years to finish this kind of project. 8They watched over these endangered animals day and night. 9The world will be different，and we will have to be prepared to adapt to the change. 10Under pressure，many governments hav
50、e taken effective measures to protect wild animals. .课文语法填空 Tibetan antelopes are very graceful animals，1.which live on the plains of Tibet， Xinjiang ， and Qinghai.They are in danger because many of them are being 2.illegally(illegal)hunted for their valuable fur.Their population 3.dropped(drop)by m
