1、1 课文语法填空课文语法填空 根据 P44-45 教材课文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Poetry is a 1._(combine) of “sound” and “sense”. If you want to reveal the hidden dimension, the following methods should 2._(adopt). First, even if its true meaning appears to be 3._ your grasp, you can always say something about how the poe
2、m sounds when you read it aloud. You can detect a rhythm, repeated words, rhymes and other special effects. Second, approach the poem as if you 4._(be) an explorer in an unfamiliar landscape. Ask some basic questions about the poem, such as 5._ is talking and who is being talked to and so on. Third,
3、 be 6._(patience) if you are struggling to interpret the meaning of a poem. Set the poem aside and come back to it later, then you can make your great discovery. Poems that 7._(constant) reveal deeper and previously unrecognized meanings are more interesting. Finally, when you abandon logical thinki
4、ng, you can discover its inner beauty. It is worth 8._(make) efforts to perceive another level of meaning. Only in these 9._(way) can you enjoy your journey of the poetry, because poetrys combination of “sound” and “sense” makes you see the world in a new way and allows you 10._(go) beyond normal re
5、ality for the everlasting beauty. 【答案】【答案】1. combination2. be adopted3. beyond4. were5. who6. patient7. constantly 8. making9. ways10. to go 语言知识初探语言知识初探 I. 根据词性和汉语提示，写出下列单词 1. _ n. 小说家_ n.（长篇）小说adj. 新奇的 2. _ n. 工业化_ n. 工业；行业_ adj. 工业的；产业的 3. _ n. 看法，信念；信仰；相信，信心_ v. 相信；认为真实_ adj. 可信的 4. _ vt. 是的特征，以
6、为典型；使具有特点；描述，刻画_ n. 特性；品质；符号； 人物_ n. 特点；特性；品质adj. 典型的；特有的 5. _ adj. 荣耀的，光荣的；壮丽的，辉煌的_ n. 光荣；荣誉；赞颂；壮丽 6. _ n. 稳定（性），稳固（性）_ adj. 稳定的；沉稳的_ adv. 稳定地 M4U4 Exploring poetry II 答案：答案： 1. novelist; novel2. industrialization; industry; industrial 3. belief; believe; believable4. characterize; character; chara
7、cteristic 5. glorious; glory6. stability; stable; stably 7. tolerant; tolerance; tolerate8. representative; represent; representation 9. fascinate; fascinated; fascinating; fascination 2 7. _ adj. 宽容的，容忍的；能耐的_ n. 宽容；容忍；忍耐力_ v. 容忍，允许 8. _ adj. 典型的，有代表性的n. 典型人物，代表性人物；代表_ vt. 展现；展示；代表 _ n. 描述；表现 9. _ v
8、t. ；U 相信，信心 (教材 P48) The poets also wrote about individual feelings and beliefs. 诗人们也写自己的感情和信念。 【用法详解】【用法详解】beyond belief 令人难以置信 have belief in . 相信；对怀有信心 belief +that 从句 同位语从句 看法；信念 religious/political beliefs 宗教/政治信仰 如：I admire his passionate belief in what he is doing. 我佩服他对自己的工作所抱的坚定信心。 3 belief
9、 in God/democracy 对上帝/民主的笃信 She acted in the belief that she was doing good. 她这么做是因为她认定自己是在做好事。 Contrary to popular belief, he was not responsible for the tragedy. 同大家的看法相反，对这出悲剧没有责任。 There is a general belief that things will soon get better. 大家普遍认为情况很快就会好转。 【归纳拓展】【归纳拓展】词性转换： （1）disbeliefn. U 不信，怀疑
10、 常见搭配in disbelief 怀疑地 （2）believev. 相信；认为为实 believableadj. 可信的 unbelievableadj. 难以置信的 如：He stared at me in disbelief. 他满腹疑惑地盯着我。 Her explanation certainly sounded believable. 她的解释听起来的确可信。 【即时巩固】【即时巩固】单句语法填空 1. This book is full of believable(believe), interesting characters. 2. (2021 届高三苏北七市三模) In a
11、Chinese garden, a strong belief in a sense of unity with nature is required. 知识要点 3claimv., n. (教材 P50)And having perhaps the better claim . 显得更诱人、更美丽 【用法详解】【用法详解】(1)n. C 声称，断言；索款，索赔 常见搭配put in/make a claim for . 提出的赔偿要求；要求的赔偿 如：You can make a claim on 根据 your insurance policy. 你可按保险单索赔。 to put in a
12、 claim for an allowance 提出领取津贴的要求 【用法详解】【用法详解】(2)vt. 声称，宣称，断言 常见搭配claim that . 声称 claim to do sth. 声称做某事 如：He claims (that) he was not given a fair hearing. 他声称他未得到公正的申述机会。 I dont claim to be an expert. 我不敢自称为专家。 【用法详解】【用法详解】(3)vt. 如果周围的人失 去理智，纷纷责难于你，而你能淡定处之； 【用法详解】【用法详解】blame sth. on sb./sth. 把某事归咎
13、于某人/某事 blame . for (doing) sth. 因（做）某事责备 be to blame for (doing) sth. 因（做）某事应受责备；对（做）某事负有责任 不定式用主动形式表被动含义 take/bear the blame for sth. 承担某事的责任 lay/put the blame (for sth.) on . 把（某事的）责任归咎于 6 如：Police are blaming the accident on dangerous driving. 警方把事故原因归咎于危险驾驶。 Which driver was to blame for the acc
14、ident? 哪位司机是此次事故的肇事者？ Why do I always get the blame for everything that goes wrong? 为什么出了事总是让我背黑锅？ 【即时巩固】【即时巩固】单句语法填空 1. If their forces were not involved, then who is to blame(blame)? 2. She doesnt blame anyone for her fathers death. 单元重点语法单元重点语法非谓语动词非谓语动词 非谓语动词常指动词不定式、动词-ing 和动词-ed 形式，在句中可用作主语、宾语、
15、表语、定语、状语和补语。 见下表： 主语主语谓语谓语宾语宾语表语表语定语定语状语状语补语补语插入语插入语 不定式不定式 动名词（动词动名词（动词-ing） 分词分词 （动词（动词-ing、动词、动词-ed） 非谓语动词作主语（主宾不过分主宾不过分：分词不作主语或宾语） A. 不定式作主语：指具体的一次性的动作（通常会用 it 作形式主语）表将来含义 结构一：It is/was + adj. + (for/of sb) + to do sth. 结构二：It is/was + a/an + n. + to do sth. 结构三：It takes/took + (sb) + time/coura
16、ge/patience, . + to do sth. It requires/required courage/patience/hard work, . + to do sth. B. 动名词做主语：指一般的或抽象的多次性的动作，时间概念不强 (1)常用句型： 结构一：It is + adj.(eg. good, funny, nice, worthwhile, interesting, etc) + doing sth. 结构二：It is no/any/some good/use (in) doing sth. 结构三：There is no point/use/good (in) d
17、oing sth. 结构四：There is no doing sth.“禁止做” (2)动名词的复合结构（注意时态和语态注意时态和语态）： 形容词性物主代词 + 动名词 名词所有格 + 动名词 如：Their coming to help was a great encouragement to us. Mikes returning to work is a great help to us. 注意Doing + 谓语动词 + 其他. It + 谓语动词 + . + to do sth.（80%） 非谓语动词作宾语 7 A. 不定式作宾语 1. 作及物动词的宾语（从一而终从一而终：动词形式
18、后加 to do 作宾语，其名词形式后也是加 to do） (1)决心学会想希望，拒绝没法愿假装；主动答应选计划，同意请求帮一帮。决心学会想希望，拒绝没法愿假装；主动答应选计划，同意请求帮一帮。 decide/determine, learn, want, expect/hope/wish refuse, manage, desire, pretend offer, promise, choose, plan agree, ask/beg, help 如：He hopes to go to university next year. 他盼望来年上大学。 She finally decided
19、to give up the job. 她最后决定放弃那项工作。 (2)it 作形式宾语， 构成“及物动词及物动词 + it + adj./n. + (for sb) + to do sth”结构， 这类及物动词常见的有： think, find, believe, feel, make, consider。如： Her foreign identity makes it hard (for her) to find a job here. 2. 作介词的宾语：不定式通常不作介词的宾语，但可在 except 和 but 后作宾语（前有前有“do”，后无，后无“to”）；若在 除二者之外的介词后
20、作宾语，通常会加上特殊疑问词（宾语从句的省略）。如： Theyre talking about how to get there. We have no choice but to wait. We have nothing to do but wait. B. 动名词作宾语 1. 作及物动词的宾语 考虑建议盼原谅（consider, suggest/advise, look forward to, excuse/pardon） 承认推迟没得想（admit, delay/put off, fancy） 避免错过继续练（avoid, miss, keep/keep on, practise） 否
21、认完成就欣赏（deny, finish, enjoy/appreciate） 禁止想象才冒险（forbid, imagine, risk） 不禁介意准逃亡（cant help, mind, allow/permit, escape） 难以忍受始反对（cant stand, set about, object to） 想要成功坚持忙（feel like, succeed in, stick to/insist on, be busy） 习惯放弃有困难（be used/accustomed to, give up, have difficulty/trouble/problems ） 导致专心防道
22、款（lead to, devote to, prevent/stop/keep sb/sth from, apologize for） be surprised at 对感到惊讶be proud of 以为骄傲be afraid of 害怕 注意allow, permit, forbid, advise 等及物动词后直接加动名词（动名词（doing）作宾语；如果这些词后有名词或代有名词或代 词词，则用用 to do 作宾语作宾语。如：allow doing sth.或 allow sb to do sth.； 大部分能加名词作宾语的及物动词，也能加动名词（doing）作宾语（但 expect,
23、 want 等除外）； 主动表被动：need/want/require doing = need/want/require to be done。 2. 作介词的宾语：vi./adj. + 介词 短语 + doing。其中，需特别注意介词 to！ 补充含有介词 to 的固定搭配 admit to, be equal to, devote . to, get down to, look forward to, object to, stick to, take to 开始沉湎于；养成的习惯, 8 see to, attend to, lead to, pay attention to, be/g
24、et used/accustomed to 等。 3、动名词的复合结构作宾语（注意时态和语态注意时态和语态）： 人称代词（宾格）+ 动名词 形容词性物主代词 + 动名词 名词所有格 + 动名词 名词通格 名词原形 + 动名词 如：It the babysitter cant come tomorrow, do you mind Freds/his/him being left alone at home, sleeping? I knew nothing about the window being open. 非谓语动词作表语 A. 不定式 表示将来或解释说明或动名词 对称结构 注意对于不定
25、式，如果主语部分有实义动词“do”，则作表语的不定式通常省“to”。如： The only thing you can do is wait and see.（前有前有“do”，后无，后无“to”） B. 分词：exciting 和 excited 非谓语动词作定语非谓语动词作定语 注意注意完成式完成式不作定语！不作定语！ A. 作前置定语（单个单词所以没有 to do）doing, done a. 动名词（doing 表功能，强调名词词性表功能，强调名词词性；没有 being done） b. 现在分词（doing 表进行，强调动作表进行，强调动作；没有 being done） c. 过去分
26、词（done 表完成，强调动作表完成，强调动作） 注意有些单个的过去分词在作定语时习惯后置，如：given, left, concerned 有关的等。 B. 作后置定语to do, to be done; doing, being done; done a. 不定式（表将来表将来）* b. 现在分词短语（doing 表主动表主动/进行；进行；being done 表被动且进行，表被动且进行，“正在被正在被”） c. 过去分词短语（done 表被动且完成，表被动且完成，“已经被已经被”） *解析 不定式作后置定语： 中心词为抽象名词，由原本加不定式的及物动词或形容词派生而来。如： be abl
27、e to do .ability to do .等。 提示提示其中，中心词（ability）与 to do 具有隐含的同位关系同位关系，即不定式解释说明中心词的内容不定式解释说明中心词的内容，此类 词还有 means, way 等。 中心词 + 不定式 (1)中心词 逻辑主语 + to do（表主谓关系），如： We need some nurses to look after children.（nurseslook after children） (2)中心词 逻辑宾语 + to do（表动宾关系），此结构为“主动表被动”。如： I have some heavy bags (for me
28、) to carry.（some heavy bagscarry） 9 I have some problems (for me)to deal with. （some problemsdeal with） 注意注意试比较以下 2 句话： a. There are many difficulties to handle. 可在不定式前加“for me”，说明困难是由困难是由“我我”解决解决。 b. There are many difficulties to be handled. 表示困难不是由不是由“我我”解决解决。 中心词为不定代词不定代词，或被 the only/last/next/
29、., the first 等序数词等序数词或最高级最高级修饰时。如： I have no pencil to write with. He is the first one to get to school. 注意非谓语动词为不及物动词不及物动词，则只有现在分词的主动形式现在分词的主动形式（过去分词表示动作已完成）； 非谓语动词为及物动词，则有 2 种情况： a. 有名词或代词作宾语，用现在分词的主动形式。如： They live in a room facing the south. b. 若无宾语，则用被动语态。根据时态的不同，有 3 种情况： The meeting to be held
30、 is very important.“将被举办的” The meeting being held is very important.“正在被举办的” The meeting held was very important.“已被举办的” 非谓语动词作状语非谓语动词作状语 A. 不定式作状语 1. 目的状语（句首/句中/句末句末 通常不在“,”后） 2. 结果状语：表示出乎意料的结果，only to do . too . to do*和 enough . to do 注意(1)too 后面的形容词表示“愿意，乐意”等含义时，too 相当于 very，主语常为人，表肯定 含义。如： She i
31、s too/very willing to help him. 她很愿意帮助他。 (2)not/never too . to do 表示肯定含义，意为“并不太所以能”。如： He is not too 太 old to do the work. 他并不是太老，所以能做这项工作。 (3)too . not to do 意为“太而不得不”，为双重否定（即肯定）。如： He is too angry not to say that. 他太生气了，不得不说出那样的话。 3. 原因状语：be + 表喜怒哀乐的表喜怒哀乐的 adj. + to do . B. 分词作状语 现现 在在 形形 式式 一般式：d
32、oing, being done过过 去去 形形 式式 done 完成式：having done, having been done 10 分分 词词 分分 词词 作作 用用 作时间、条件、原因、结果、让步状语状语从句 作方式、伴随状语并列分句 作作 用用 作时间、条件、原因、让步状语状语从句 作方式、伴随状语并列分句 1. 分词的逻辑主语一般为句子的主语：主谓关系现在分词，动宾关系过去分词； 2. 为使分词所表达的时间、 让步、 条件等更加明确， 可以在非谓语前加适当的从属连词 （如 when/while, although, if, unless 等；省去“主语同”和“谓语 be”），构成
33、“从属连词分词”的结构（状语从句的省略），但 as, because, since 引导的原因状语从句等除外。如： Although (he was)living miles away, he attended the course. 注意分词的完成式作状语，表示分词动作先于主句动作发生。如： Having sent the children to bed, she began to study.（由主语定语态，由谓语定时态） 非谓语动词作补语（及物动词、with 复合结构） A. 不定式：表示全过程，或经常发生的动作 B. 现在分词：动作正在进行 C. 过去分词：和宾语是被动关系 独立主格结
34、构 A. 名词/代词 主格 + 分词 adj./adv./介词短语 B. There/It being + n./代/adj. C. With(out) 复合结构 小试身手小试身手-用括号内词的适当形式填空 1. （湖南高考改编） When the clerk saw kind face wrinkled(起皱纹) in an apologetic smile, she stood rooted to the ground _(wonder) whether to stay or leave. 2. （2018江苏七市联考） The village evolved into major e-c
35、ommerce center, and _(review) the past, the villagers owed their success to the policy of reform and opening-up. 3. Bill suggested _(hold) a sports meeting the next month. 4. （2019江苏常州检测）The study, from academics at Harvard, claims _(produce) the first clear evidence showing that when temperatures g
36、o up, school performance goes down. 5. Difficult as the financial problem is _(solve), we believe there are more solutions than difficulties. 6. More highways have been built in China, _(make) it much easier for people to travel from one place to another. 7. Laura was away in Paris for over a week.
37、When she got home, there was pile of mail _(wait) for her. 8. _(be) a shy girl, she never dares to speak in public. 9. Passengers are permitted _(carry) only one piece of luggage to the plane. 10. （2019天津七校联考） I couldnt make sense of the passage. You must have left out some important information whi
38、le _(copy) it. 11.（2019天津七校联考）_(lose) his school uniform in the stadium, David rushed back to get it and an 11 acquaintance had taken it away. 12. Weve had a good start, but next, more work needs _(do) to achieve the final success. 13. _(ask) to work overtime that evening, I missed a wonderful film.
39、 14. _(expose) to the sunlight for too much time will do harm to your skin. 15.（2018浙江读后续写改编）My dad and spent the night in the guestroom of the farm house listening to the frogs and water _(roll) down the river nearby. 16. Lionel Messi, _(set) the record for the most goals(进球) in calendar year, is c
40、onsidered the most talented football player in Europe. 17. That is the only way we can imagine _(reduce) the overuse of water in studentsbathrooms. 18. Please let me _(know) where the meeting is _(hold) tomorrow. 19. _(lack) the support of the banks, Mike managed to save his company with the help of
41、 his friends. 20. Its no use _(worry) about it. You cant do anything to change it. 【答案】【答案】1. wondering2. reviewing3. holding4. to have produced5. to solve6. making7. waiting 8. Being9. to carry10. copying11. Having lost12. doing13. Having been asked 14. Being exposed15. rolling16. having set17. to
42、reduce18. know; to be held 19. Lacking20. worrying . 单句语法填空单句语法填空 1.(industrial) is the way to solve these economic problems. 2. The World Economic Forums report has some(strike) findings on how we will work in the future. 3. Its easy to find Robert. His height distinguishes himother boys . 4. Qiu Y
43、ing is a(represent) painter in the Ming Dynasty. 5. We know that carbon emission from human activities are partly(blame) for global warming. 【答案】【答案】1. Industrialization2. striking3. from4. representative5. to blame II. 完成句子完成句子 1. 有时候读诗可能是一辈子的事情。 Sometimescan be a lifelong job. 2. 只要读诗之旅能让你有所感悟，或者让
44、你发现另一层含义，你的努力就是值得的。 _ _ _ the journey of poetry reading _ _ _ something or lets you perceive another level of meaning, it will have been worth your effort. 3. 那是一个许多画家、音乐家、小说家和诗人用新且不同的方式看待世界的时代。 many painters, musicians, novelists and poets looked at the world in new and different ways. 4. 浪漫主义者的目标是
45、破除 18 世纪的理想：他们拒绝遵循死板的规则，相反，他们把重点放在想象和感情、对 12 自然的热爱和回归过去的重要性上。 The aim of the Romantics was _ _ the ideals of the 18th century: they refused _ _ _ _. Instead, they put emphasis on the importance of imagination and feeling, the love of nature and a return to the past. 5. 但我知道路径延绵无尽头,恐怕我难以再回返。 Yet know
46、ing how way leads on to way, doubted. 6. 据信这首诗是李白少年时写的。 _ _ _ _ this poem was written by Li Bai in his teenage years. 7. 这首早期的诗歌在表达方式上具有引人注目的想象力，如“恐惊天上人”，它已经显示出一种浪漫主义风格的迹 象，这成为后来李白诗歌的特色。 With striking imagination in expressions like “scaring dwellers on high”, this early poem already displayed signs
47、 of a romantic style,. 8. 受对冒险和旅行的强烈渴望的驱使，李白在二十出头的时候离开了家，开始四处旅行。 , Li Bai left home and started to travel around. 9. 在旅途中，他游览了名山大川，见识了不同的风俗习惯。 During his travels, he visited famous mountains and great rivers,. 【答案】【答案】1.reading a poem2.As long as; makes you feel3. It was a time when 4. to break with
48、; to follow rigid rules5. if I should ever come back6. It is believed that 7. which was later to characterize Li Bais poetry 8. Driven by a burning desire for adventure and travel; in his early twenties 9. encountering different customs and practices III. 阅读理解阅读理解 A To increase awareness of aging pr
49、oblems in the International community, the United Nations established Oct. 1 as the International Day of Older Persons in 1991. Many countries also have their own special days or festivals to honor senior citizens. Lets take a look at how some countries celebrate Seniors Day around the world. The Re
50、public of Korea The Republic of Korea established May 8 as its Mothers Day in 1956, and then the day was made into Parents Day in 1973. Its a major festival in the country. On this day, children always make greeting cards and prepare flowers and gifts for their parents. Children also salute their pa
